Question 1

It is generally accepted that best practice is to eliminate individual rewards in favor of group-based systems.

Accepted Answer

While group-based reward systems can encourage teamwork and collective achievement, individual rewards are also important for recognizing personal effort and contributions. Best practices often involve a balanced approach that includes both individual and group-based rewards to motivate all members of an organization effectively.

Question 2

In the ABC operant mode,A designates the antecedent,B is the behavior,while C is the consequence.

Accepted Answer

This is correct. In the ABC operant mode, A represents antecedent, B represents behavior, and C represents consequence.

Question 3

Managers can influence worker motivation.

Accepted Answer

Managers can influence worker motivation through various methods such as providing recognition, offering incentives, creating a positive work environment, providing opportunities for growth and development, and setting clear goals and expectations.

Question 4

BSM is a variant of OBM.

Accepted Answer

BSM (Black-Scholes Model) and OBM (Ornstein-Uhlenbeck Model) are distinct models used in financial mathematics, with different purposes and underlying assumptions.

Question 5

In essence,behavioral self-management suggests that there are times when individuals will choose behaviors that they have not chosen consistently in the past,and this selection may be based on the expectation of positive outcomes in the future from this course of action.

Accepted Answer

Behavioral self-management suggests that individuals can change their behavior based on the expectation of positive outcomes in the future. This means that they may choose behaviors that they have not consistently chosen in the past in order to achieve their desired outcomes.

Question 6

Satisfaction with rewards is a function of the amount of the reward and the individual's perception of how much should be received.

Accepted Answer

Satisfaction with rewards is not solely determined by the amount of the reward, but also by the individual's expectations and perception of what they believe they should receive. Therefore, satisfaction with rewards is a function of both the reward amount and the individual's perception.

Question 7

Jane was recognized by her former supervisor for bringing in fresh flowers for her office daily.Her new supervisor does not acknowledge the flowers and Jane stops bringing them.This may be an example of extinction.

Accepted Answer

Extinction refers to the process of a behavior gradually decreasing or ceasing altogether when it is no longer reinforced or rewarded. In this case, Jane's behavior of bringing fresh flowers to her office was reinforced by her former supervisor's acknowledgment. However, when her new supervisor did not acknowledge the flowers, the behavior gradually decreased and eventually stopped, which is an example of extinction.

Question 8

Status is considered an interpersonal reward.

Accepted Answer

Status refers to the level of social importance or prestige that an individual holds within a particular group or society. It is considered an interpersonal reward as it is often conferred by others and affects how individuals are perceived and treated in social situations.

Question 9

An example of negative reinforcement would be a professor assigning a penalty for late work.

Accepted Answer

Negative reinforcement involves the removal of an unpleasant stimulus to increase a behavior, while assigning a penalty for late work is an example of punishment designed to decrease the behavior of submitting work late.

Question 10

Self-efficacy has three dimensions: magnitude,strength,and ability.

Accepted Answer

Self-efficacy has four dimensions: magnitude, strength, generality, and specificity.

Question 11

Research definitively establishes that participation in goal setting leads to increased commitment and performance.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Research definitively establishes that participation in goal...

Question 12

Extremely difficult goals typically always result in better performance than moderately difficult ones.

Accepted Answer

While challenging goals can enhance performance by motivating individuals to exert more effort, there is a point where goals become too difficult and can actually demotivate individuals, leading to decreased performance. Moderately difficult goals are often more effective because they are challenging yet achievable, which can motivate individuals without overwhelming them.

Question 13

Pat,an elementary school teacher,has been told several of her students are gifted.These students,while actually no more capable than the rest,perform better than the others in the class.This may be an example of the Pygmalion effect.

Accepted Answer

The Pygmalion effect, also known as the "self-fulfilling prophecy," is the idea that high expectations lead to better performance. In this scenario, Pat's belief that her students are gifted may lead her to have higher expectations for them, which could result in them performing better than their classmates.

Question 14

Within the concept of operant conditioning,positive reinforces could include items such as raises,bonuses,or promotions but not less tangible things such as praise or encouragement.

Accepted Answer

This statement is false. Positive reinforcement can include tangible rewards such as raises, bonuses, or promotions, as well as less tangible rewards such as praise, encouragement, or recognition.

Question 15

Locke described the attributes of the mental (cognitive)processes of goal setting.The attributes he highlighted are goal specificity,goal difficulty,and goal intensity.

Accepted Answer

This statement is true. John Locke, a prominent philosopher and psychologist, discussed the importance of setting specific, challenging, and intense goals in achieving success. These attributes of goal setting are still widely studied and applied today.

Question 16

The ability to start and finish a project or job is important to some individuals and as such is considered an intrinsic reward.

Accepted Answer

The statement is true. The ability to complete a task or project is often considered a sense of accomplishment and a reward in itself for some individuals.

Question 17

A consequence is considered negative reinforcement only if its removal after a response increases the performance of that response.

Accepted Answer

Negative reinforcement is a type of operant conditioning in which the removal of a certain stimuli after a response increases the likelihood of that response occurring again in the future. However, it is only considered negative reinforcement if the removal of that stimuli leads to an increase in the performance of that response. Therefore, the statement is true.

Question 18

Goal setting works well for simple jobs but not for complex jobs.

Accepted Answer

Goal setting is less effective for complex jobs because there are more factors that can affect the outcome, making it more difficult to set realistic and achievable goals.

Question 19

Operant conditioning principles is also referred to as B-mod.

Accepted Answer

B-mod is short for behavior modification, which often uses operant conditioning principles to change behavior.

Question 20

The primary difference between "learning" and "social learning" is that learning results in a relatively enduring change while social learning does not.

Accepted Answer

The statement is incorrect. Both learning and social learning can result in relatively enduring changes. The primary difference between the two is that social learning occurs through observation, imitation, and communication with others, while traditional learning occurs through direct instruction, practice, and feedback.

Quiz 6: Motivation: Organizational Applications