Question 1

Comparisons can be used to differentiate between not only two constructs but also between two or more kinds of respondents.

Accepted Answer

Comparisons can be used to differentiate between multiple constructs or respondents, allowing researchers to analyze and contrast differences between groups.

Question 2

Which of the following statements about verbatims is incorrect?

Accepted Answer

Researchers should not select verbatims based on their memorability, but rather on their relevance and ability to reveal patterns in the data. All other statements are correct.

Question 3

Focus group and in-depth interview data typically produce thick descriptions.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Focus group and in-depth interview data typically...

Question 4

In qualitative data analysis, it is common to use visual displays to summarize data.

Accepted Answer

It is common to use visual displays such as tables, charts, and diagrams in qualitative data analysis to summarize the data and identify patterns and themes.

Question 5

In data reduction, categories are final once established and cannot be modified as data analysis continues.

Accepted Answer

Categories in data reduction can be modified or refined as data analysis continues, allowing for further insights and the recognition of new patterns or trends.

Question 6

Qualitative researchers may enter any of their observations and notes into the data set.

Accepted Answer

Qualitative researchers make use of observations and notes as part of their data collection process, and these can be entered into the data set.

Question 7

While doing data reduction, a researcher assigns a code to a particular paragraph in a transcript. Once that code has been assigned, the researcher can go ahead and assign another (additional) code to the same paragraph if needed.

Accepted Answer

This statement is true. It is possible for a researcher to assign multiple codes to the same paragraph during data reduction.

Question 8

Even though the iterative and negative case analyses are started in the data reduction stage, they are continued in later stages of the qualitative data analysis.

Accepted Answer

Iterative and negative case analyses are ongoing processes in qualitative data analysis and are not limited to just the data reduction stage. These analyses continue throughout the entire analysis process to ensure that all aspects of the data are thoroughly examined.

Question 9

Iteration is the process through which researchers build theory that is grounded, or based on the data collected.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Iteration is the process through which researchers...

Question 10

All of the following are threats to drawing credible conclusions in qualitative analysis, EXCEPT:

Accepted Answer

All the other choices listed are threats to drawing credible conclusions in qualitative analysis. Not giving enough weight to dramatic events is not a threat as it is subjective and can depend on the researcher's interpretation of what constitutes a "dramatic event."

Question 11

When writing a research report, the literature review is typically included in which of the following sections?

Accepted Answer

The answer of When writing a research report, the literature...

Question 12

Qualitative data analysis is largely inductive.

Accepted Answer

Qualitative data analysis involves identifying themes, patterns, and categories from the data, which is largely an inductive process. This means that the analysis is guided by the data itself rather than by preconceived hypotheses or theories.

Question 13

In peer review, one seeks input from:

Accepted Answer

Peer review typically involves seeking input from external reviewers who have expertise in the methodology and topic area of the study. This can help ensure the study is robust and well-reasoned. While input from other groups such as policy makers or managers may also be useful, they are not typically involved in the peer review process. People from whom the data is collected (choice A) may be involved in the study design or implementation, but would not typically provide peer review input. The control group (choice E) is a component of the study design, and would not be involved in peer review.

Question 14

Qualitative researchers often report percentages.

Accepted Answer

Qualitative research focuses on understanding concepts and experiences, often using non-numerical data, so percentages are not typically emphasized.

Question 15

Member checking can be used to establish cross-researcher reliability.

Accepted Answer

Member checking is used to enhance the credibility and validity of qualitative research by involving participants in verifying the accuracy of data and interpretations, not for establishing cross-researcher reliability.

Question 16

Data displays that provide interim analysis must be included in the final report.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Data displays that provide interim analysis must...

Question 17

In order to do triangulation, researchers can even use the same dataset as long it is analyzed by different researchers coming from different backgrounds or research perspectives.

Accepted Answer

Triangulation involves using multiple methods or sources of data to confirm or refute findings. One way to do this is by having different researchers analyze the same dataset from different perspectives, such as using different theoretical frameworks or research methodologies.

Question 18

Compared to axial coding, selective coding occurs in the early stages of data analysis.

Accepted Answer

Selective coding occurs in the later stages of data analysis, after axial coding has been completed. Selective coding involves identifying overarching themes or concepts that emerge from the data and relating them to the core category identified during axial coding.

Question 19

The methodology section of a research report usually includes all of the following, EXCEPT:

Accepted Answer

The methodology section typically includes information on the research design, data collection methods, data analysis procedures, and ethical considerations. It usually does not include an interpretation and summary of findings, which would be found in the results section of the report. Choices A-D are all common components of the methodology section.

Question 20

When the objective of a study is statistical projectability and to determine magnitude of response, one should prefer qualitative over quantitative research.

Accepted Answer

When the objective of a study is statistical projectability and determining magnitude of response, quantitative research is preferred over qualitative research because it is based on numerical data analysis and can provide statistically significant results. Qualitative research is typically used when the objective is exploratory or when the research questions are open-ended and require in-depth understanding of the phenomenon being studied.

Quiz 9: Qualitative Data Analysis