Question 1

The MAO inhibitors are considered to be atypical antipsychotics.

Accepted Answer

MAO inhibitors are not typically classified as antipsychotics. They are a type of antidepressant medication that works by increasing the levels of certain neurotransmitters in the brain. Atypical antipsychotics are a separate class of medications used to treat symptoms of schizophrenia and other psychotic disorders.

Question 2

Research shows that less than 35% of those seeking help for an addiction also have a mental illness.

Accepted Answer

Research indicates that the rate of co-occurring mental illness among those seeking help for an addiction is much higher, with estimates suggesting that around 50% or more of individuals with substance use disorders also have a co-occurring mental health disorder.

Question 3

Mental illness is the third leading cause of human disability and premature death in Canada.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Mental illness is the third leading cause...

Question 4

The mood disorders include specific phobia.

Accepted Answer

Specific phobia is not a mood disorder, it is an anxiety disorder. Mood disorders include major depressive disorder, bipolar disorder, and related disorders.

Question 5

Approximately how many homeless people in Canada have a mental illness?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Approximately how many homeless people in Canada...

Question 6

A negative reinforcement has been defined as the offering of desirable effects or consequences for a behaviour with the intention of increasing the chance of that behaviour being repeated in the future.

Accepted Answer

A negative reinforcement is actually the removal or avoidance of an aversive or unpleasant consequence in response to a behaviour, which increases the likelihood of that behaviour being repeated in the future. Desirable effects or rewards that increase behaviour are called positive reinforcements.

Question 7

Which mood stabilizer, experienced a diminished acceptance when a series of overdose poisonings occurred, and by the fact that the drug was one of the basic elements and could not be patented?

Accepted Answer

Lithium is the mood stabilizer that experienced a diminished acceptance when a series of overdose poisonings occurred. Additionally, lithium cannot be patented as it is a naturally occurring element. Valproic acid, carbamazepine, and lamotrigine have not had the same issues with overdose poisonings and can be patented.

Question 8

In panic disorder, different brain regions may support specific symptomatology.

Accepted Answer

Research has shown that the amygdala, hippocampus, prefrontal cortex, and insula are involved in the different symptoms of panic disorder, such as fear, avoidance, and physical symptoms.

Question 9

While taking MAOIs, high blood pressure crisis can result.

Accepted Answer

MAOIs (monoamine oxidase inhibitors) can cause a dangerous increase in blood pressure when combined with certain foods or medications that contain tyramine or other chemicals that affect blood pressure. This can lead to a hypertensive crisis, which can be life-threatening. It is important to follow a specific diet and avoid certain medications while taking MAOIs.

Question 10

A chronic psychotic condition with no known physical cause is likely to be diagnosed as schizophrenia.

Accepted Answer

Schizophrenia is a chronic mental disorder characterized by abnormal social behavior, disturbed thinking, and delusions, hallucinations, and other cognitive difficulties. It is diagnosed based on observation of symptoms and there is no known physical cause for the disorder.

Question 11

What is the fastest and probably most effective treatment for severe cases of depression?

Accepted Answer

Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) has been shown to be the fastest and most effective treatment for severe cases of depression, particularly in cases where medication and psychotherapy have not been successful. ECT involves inducing a seizure under anesthesia and is typically administered in a hospital setting. While it may have some potential side effects, such as memory loss, it has been shown to have a high success rate in treating severe depression.

Question 12

Lithium was the first effective mood stabilizer.

Accepted Answer

Lithium was first used as a mood stabilizer for bipolar disorder in the 1940s and has since been proven effective in reducing manic and depressive episodes.

Question 13

Antipsychotic drugs have their initial effect in the brain by blocking D2 dopamine receptors.

Accepted Answer

Antipsychotic drugs work by blocking D2 dopamine receptors in the brain, which leads to a decrease in dopamine activity and helps to alleviate psychotic symptoms.

Question 14

The American Psychiatric Association's DSM-5 divides all mental disorders into either neuroses or psychoses.

Accepted Answer

The DSM-5 does not use the traditional distinction between neuroses and psychoses. Instead, it categorizes disorders into different chapters based on similar symptomatology and characteristics.

Question 15

The growing trend toward deinstitutionalization in Canada was considered desirable for which of the following explanations?

Accepted Answer

Deinstitutionalization was considered desirable in Canada because it allowed for better and more cost-effective treatment of patients in their own communities.

Question 16

In which region in Canada did the text describe the existence of a high visibility of mentally ill citizens living with addictions and in a state of homelessness which prompted a political response to build a 100 bed facility?

Accepted Answer

The text describes the high visibility of mentally ill citizens living with addictions and in a state of homelessness in Vancouver, which prompted a political response to build a 100 bed facility.

Question 17

All tricyclic antidepressants work by blocking serotonin reuptake.

Accepted Answer

Tricyclic antidepressants work by blocking the reuptake of both serotonin and norepinephrine, not just serotonin.

Question 18

The first antipsychotic drugs called phenothiazines were introduced in the 1950s.

Accepted Answer

Phenothiazines were the first antipsychotic drugs to be introduced in the 1950s.

Question 19

The latest evidence on the effectiveness of antidepressants is that they are only slightly better than placebos.

Accepted Answer

Multiple studies have shown that the difference in effectiveness between antidepressants and placebos is small and may not be clinically significant for many patients. However, it is important to note that some patients do benefit greatly from antidepressant medication and it should always be prescribed and monitored by a healthcare professional.

Question 20

When chlorpromazine was introduced in 1955 in the U.S., in that year what was the last time which of the following occurred?

Accepted Answer

The introduction of chlorpromazine led to a deinstitutionalization movement that resulted in the closure of many mental hospitals and the relocation of patients to community-based care. However, this did not occur immediately and the population of mental hospitals actually continued to increase in the short term after the introduction of chlorpromazine.

Quiz 8: Psychotherapeutic Drugs: Medication for Mental Disorders