Question 1

Due to the high regard the philosophes such as Voltaire had for England,English became the language of the Enlightenment.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Due to the high regard the philosophes...

Question 2

The one eighteenth-century European city with a commercial market for culture,including music,was:

Accepted Answer

While all of these cities had cultural markets, London was particularly known for its commercialization of music during the eighteenth century. It was home to major concert halls and opera houses, as well as coffeehouses and clubs where music was performed and sold. London also had a thriving sheet music publishing industry, making it a hub for music commerce.

Question 3

The general culture that developed from the eighteenth-century Enlightenment was:

Accepted Answer

The general culture that developed from the Enlightenment was centered around literature and the dissemination of knowledge through popular publications. While the Enlightenment did have a significant impact on science and reason, it was not exclusively focused on these subjects, and also included social, political, and philosophical reforms. Anti-intellectualism was not a characteristic of the Enlightenment. While the Enlightenment did have an impact on nationalism, this was not its primary focus or cultural result.

Question 4

Although the majority of people possessed few books,at most a Bible and one or two other religious works,it appears now that literacy rates were much higher than had previously been believed,perhaps as high as _________ percent for men and _________ percent for women in European urban centers.

Accepted Answer

Recent research suggests that literacy rates in European urban centers during the Early Modern period may have been as high as 85% for men and 60% for women. While the majority of people still only possessed a few books, this indicates a much higher level of literacy than previously believed.

Question 5

Voltaire's reputation stemmed not from his philosophy,but from his effectiveness as an advocate.

Accepted Answer

While Voltaire's philosophical ideas influenced many, it was his skill as a writer and advocate for civil liberties, religious tolerance, and individual freedoms that earned him his widespread reputation and lasting legacy.

Question 6

Opera,a very popular musical form during the eighteenth century,was developed in the seventeenth century by:

Accepted Answer

Claudio Monteverdi is credited with developing the opera form during the seventeenth century with his works such as Orfeo and L'incoronazione di Poppea. While Mozart, Haydn, Gluck, and Handel were all prominent composers of operas during the eighteenth century, Monteverdi was the pioneer of the form.

Question 7

The Dictionnaire was the greatest achievement of the philosophes,bringing an understanding of language and its history to the common people.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The Dictionnaire was the greatest achievement of...

Question 8

Johann Sebastian Bach was one of the greatest composers of the:

Accepted Answer

Johann Sebastian Bach was a composer of the Baroque period, which spanned from around 1600 to 1750. He is considered one of the greatest composers of this era, known for his intricate keyboard works, choral music, and sacred compositions.

Question 9

Of all thinkers from the scientific revolution,John Locke had the widest ranging impact on Enlightenment scholars.

Accepted Answer

John Locke's ideas on natural rights, limited government, and empiricism influenced many Enlightenment thinkers, such as Voltaire, Montesquieu, and Rousseau.

Question 10

According to Lessing,religion is authentic or true only insofar as it makes the believer virtuous.

Accepted Answer

Lessing believed that the authenticity or truth of religion was determined by its ability to cultivate virtue in believers, rather than simply by its adherence to certain doctrines or rituals.

Question 11

The philosophes of the eighteenth century used people's houses in which to meet and converse on a more informal basis than that provided by the royal academies.These informal meetings were known as:

Accepted Answer

The term used to describe these informal meetings of the philosophes in people's houses was "salons".

Question 12

The Enlightenment was not only a western European trend in thinking,it was also found in central and southern Europe.

Accepted Answer

The Enlightenment was not limited to western Europe and also spread to central and southern Europe, with prominent thinkers such as Giambattista Vico and Johann Joachim Winckelmann.

Question 13

Laissez-faire economics came from the writings of the Scottish economist Adam Smith who argued against state monopolies and for the encouragement of individual interests in the economy.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Laissez-faire economics came from the writings of...

Question 14

Tabula rasa means "human mind."

Accepted Answer

Tabula rasa refers to the philosophical concept that the human mind is blank at birth and is subsequently filled with knowledge and experience from the environment.

Question 15

The "classical" style of music that swept Europe in the late eighteenth century:

Accepted Answer

The "classical" style of music that swept Europe in the late eighteenth century was intended to sound orderly, clear, and balanced. The composers of this era, such as Mozart and Haydn, sought to create music that was refined and elegant, with a focus on melody, harmony, and form. The symphonic form was actually a popular and important form during this time, and many of the greatest works of Western classical music were composed in this form. The music of Bach and Handel was part of the earlier Baroque period, which preceded the classical era. Lastly, the classical style was not the only musical style in Europe in the late twentieth century, as musical styles have continued to evolve and diversify over time.

Question 16

Captain Cook was killed by cannibals in New Zealand,adding to the ferocity of the Western image of the Maori.

Accepted Answer

Captain Cook was not killed by cannibals in New Zealand. He was killed by Hawaiian natives during his third voyage. The idea of Maori as fierce and cannibalistic was largely a product of Western colonial propaganda.

Question 17

The eighteenth century saw the birth of a new literary genre,the novel,and the growing acceptance of women as authors.The most famous woman from this period,as recognized today,was the English novelist:

Accepted Answer

While all of the listed authors were active in the eighteenth (and/or nineteenth) century, Jane Austen is generally considered the most famous and influential female novelist of the period. Her works continue to be widely read and adapted into film and television. George Eliot and Mary Ann Evans are actually the same person; "George Eliot" was a pseudonym used by the author in the mid-nineteenth century, well after the eighteenth century period in question. George Sand was a French writer who lived in the nineteenth century, and Moll Flanders is a novel by Daniel Defoe, a male author.

Question 18

Although George Frederic Handel began his career in London composing Italian-style operas,he is best remembered today for his oratorios,the most famous of which is:

Accepted Answer

While all of the listed oratorios are notable works by Handel, Messiah is the most famous and widely performed today. It includes the well-known "Hallelujah" chorus and is often performed during the Christmas season.

Question 19

Even with the literacy rate that Europe enjoyed,formal schooling remained a goal yet to be attained.For example,by the end of the eighteenth century in Russia,only _________ out of a population of 40 million had attended any kind of school.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Even with the literacy rate that Europe...

Question 20

Unlike the writers of the scientific revolution,the Enlightenment writers wrote for large audiences.

Accepted Answer

Enlightenment writers, such as Rousseau and Voltaire, wrote for wider audiences and sought to disseminate their ideas to the public, whereas many of the writers of the scientific revolution focused on communicating their findings to a smaller, more specialized group of scientists and intellectuals.

Quiz 17: The Enlightenment