Question 1

All of the following are examples of the contingency approach except
A)Fiedler's Contingency Theory
B)Trait Contingency Theory
C)House's Path-Goal Theory
D)Ohio State Leadership Theory/Michigan State Leadership Theory
E)Vroom-Jago Model

Accepted Answer

Trait Contingency Theory is not a recognized approach in the field of contingency leadership. The rest of the options are all examples of contingency approaches.

Question 2

Resolving disputes, facilitating communication, and encouraging the sharing of minority opinions belong to which category of leader behaviour found in the revised Path-Goal theory?
A)Achievement-oriented behaviours
B)Interaction facilitation behaviours
C)Group-oriented decision making behaviours
D)Representation and networking behaviours
E)Value-based behaviours

Accepted Answer

Resolving disputes, facilitating communication, and encouraging the sharing of minority opinions fall under interaction facilitation behaviors, as they involve promoting open communication and addressing any issues within the team.

Question 3

Which of the following characteristics is associated with being a manager rather than a leader?
A)being visionary
B)acting decisively
C)planning, organizing, directing, and controlling
D)inspiring, setting the tone
E)motivating, influencing and changing behaviour

Accepted Answer

Planning, organizing, directing, and controlling are all tasks typically associated with management roles, whereas inspiring, setting the tone, motivating, influencing and changing behaviour are traits commonly associated with leadership roles. Choice A and B could apply to both managers and leaders, while choice E is mainly associated with leadership.

Question 4

According to Tim Judge and his colleagues, the relationship between the Big Five personality traits and leadership emergence and effectiveness is/are
A)extraversion was positively related
B)extraversion and conscientiousness were both positively related
C)conscientiousness was positively related
D)extraversion is most consistently related to both leadership emergence and effectiveness
E)intelligence was positively related

Accepted Answer

Tim Judge and his colleagues found that extraversion is the most consistently related trait to both leadership emergence and effectiveness. While conscientiousness was also positively related, it was not as consistently related as extraversion. Intelligence was not mentioned as a significant factor in the relationship between the Big Five personality traits and leadership emergence and effectiveness.

Question 5

A process that uses social influence to enable and seek the participation of subordinates in an effort to reach common organizational goals is
A)Management
B)Leadership
C)Directing
D)Decision-making
E)Organizational design

Accepted Answer

This process described is a key aspect of leadership, which relies on influencing and motivating others to work towards shared goals. Management involves more administrative and coordinating tasks, while directing focuses on giving specific instructions to subordinates. Decision-making is a necessary skill for leaders and managers, but it does not necessarily involve social influence or seeking participation from others. Organizational design refers to the structure and arrangement of a company's resources and processes, which is related to but not directly involved in this process of social influence and participation.

Question 6

The effectiveness of a particular style of leader behaviour will depend on many variables.This is referred to as the
A)leadership approach
B)management approach
C)contingency approach
D)behavioural approach
E)trait approach

Accepted Answer

The Contingency Approach recognizes that there is no one-size-fits-all approach to leadership and that the effectiveness of a particular leadership style will depend on various situational factors such as the nature of the task, the characteristics of the team members, and the organizational context. Therefore, the effectiveness of a particular style of leader behaviour will depend on many variables, making the Contingency Approach the best choice.

Question 7

Two early approaches to explain leadership were
A)management practice and leadership practice
B)trait theory and behavioural theory
C)transactional and transformational approach
D)contingency and situational
E)trait theory and transformational

Accepted Answer

The two early approaches to explain leadership were trait theory and behavioral theory. Trait theory looked into the innate characteristics of a leader while behavioral theory observed the actions and behaviors of leaders.

Question 8

House's revised Path-Goal theory includes
A)an expanded list of leader behaviours
B)the role of intrinsic motivation and empowerment in influencing leadership effectiveness
C)the concept of shared leadership
D)House did not modify or revise his original Path-Goal theory
E)(1) an expanded list of leader behaviours, (2) the role of intrinsic motivation and empowerment in influencing leadership effectiveness and, (3) the concept of shared leadership

Accepted Answer

House's revised Path-Goal theory includes all three elements: an expanded list of leader behaviors, the role of intrinsic motivation and empowerment in influencing leadership effectiveness, and the concept of shared leadership.

Question 9

Which of the following is not true about male and female leaders?
A)Men and women displayed more task and social leadership, respectively.
B)Women used a more individualistic and autocratic style then men.
C)Men and women were equally assertive
D)Women executives, when rated by their peers, managers, and direct reports, score higher than their male counterparts
E)Men used a more autocratic and directive style than women.

Accepted Answer

Research suggests that women leaders tend to use a collaborative and participative leadership style, rather than an individualistic and autocratic style. Option A, C, D, and E are all supported by research.

Question 10

Internal and external situational variables that cause one style of leadership to be more effective than another is referred to as
A)contingency factors
B)situational factors
C)optimal factors
D)motivated factors
E)leadership factors

Accepted Answer

Contingency factors refer to the specific internal and external circumstances that impact the effectiveness of a particular leadership style. These factors may include the type of task, the characteristics of the followers, the organizational culture, and many other situational variables. Understanding these contingency factors is critical for leaders who want to be successful in a variety of contexts.

Question 11

Jonathan believes that Monica exhibited the traits and behaviours of a leader.Jonathon has a
A)perception of a leader
B)leadership prototype poor idea of how a leader should behave
C)mental representation of the traits and behaviours that a leader should have preconceived notion of what a leader should be based on his experiences with poor leaders
D)meta-analyses of leadership
E)leadership prototype and a mental representation of the traits and behaviours that a leader should have

Accepted Answer

Jonathan's belief that Monica exhibited the traits and behaviors of a leader indicates he has a leadership prototype, which is a mental representation of the traits and behaviors that he thinks a leader should have.

Question 12

Researchers at Ohio State and the University of Michigan identified two independent dimensions of leader behaviour.The dimensions are
A)employee-centered and job-centered
B)concern for people and concern for production
C)employee focus and consideration
D)initiating structure and task focus
E)consideration, and initiating structure

Accepted Answer

Consideration refers to the degree to which a leader has a relationship orientation towards their employees, while initiating structure refers to the degree to which a leader emphasizes task goals and objectives. These two dimensions were identified through research and have been widely used in leadership studies.

Question 13

In Fiedler's model, ________ refers to the degree to which the leader has formal power to reward, punish, or otherwise obtain compliance from employees.
A)position power
B)task structure
C)leader-member relations
D)optimal leadership
E)relationship motivated power

Accepted Answer

Position power refers to the formal authority that a leader has to control and direct subordinates. This includes the power to reward and punish employees, as well as the power to obtain compliance through the leader's position or role within the organization. Fiedler's model includes position power as one of the three situational dimensions that affect a leader's effectiveness.

Question 14

The Trait Theory of Leadership focuses on physical traits or personality characteristics that can be used to differentiate leaders from followers.Which of the following is NOT a trait theory of leadership?
A)Kellerman's bad traits
B)Goleman
C)Leadership prototypes
D)Stogdill and Mann's five traits
E)Hersey and Blanchard

Accepted Answer

Hersey and Blanchard's Situational Leadership Theory is not a Trait Theory of Leadership. It focuses on matching different leadership styles to the development levels of followers. In contrast, Kellerman's bad traits, Goleman's emotional intelligence, Leadership prototypes, and Stogdill and Mann's five traits all fall under the Trait Theory of Leadership.

Question 15

Leadership involves
A)mentoring
B)coaching
C)inspiring
D)motivating
E)mentoring, coaching, inspiring and motivating

Accepted Answer

Leadership involves all of the above - mentoring, coaching, inspiring, and motivating. Effective leaders not only guide their team members but also provide support, encouragement and motivation to help them achieve their goals. They also inspire their team members to increase their commitment and dedication to achieve success. Coaching and mentoring provide guidance and support to individuals, which can lead to increased performance and job satisfaction. Therefore, the best choice is E as it encompasses all the important aspects of leadership.

Question 16

Shared leadership in teams is positively associated with
A)group cohesion
B)group effectiveness
C)group citizenship
D)group loyalty and group citizenship
E)group cohesion, group effectiveness, and group citizenship

Accepted Answer

The question asks for a positive association with shared leadership in teams. Option E includes all of the above options, indicating that shared leadership is positively associated with group cohesion, group effectiveness, and group citizenship. Therefore, option E is the best choice.

Question 17

The Path-Goal Theory, a contingency approach, was proposed by
A)Robert House
B)Blake and Mouton
C)Blake
D)Fiedler
E)Hersey and Blanchard

Accepted Answer

The Path-Goal Theory was proposed by Robert House in 1971.

Question 18

In Fiedler's model, which dimension of situational control reflects the extent to which the leader has the support, loyalty, and trust of the work group?
A)Position power
B)Task structure
C)Leader-member relations
D)Optimal leadership
E)Relationship motivated

Accepted Answer

According to Fiedler's model, leader-member relations dimension of situational control refers to the level of trust, loyalty, and support the leader has of his/her work group. It implies that the better the leader-member relations, the more control and influence the leader has in the situation.

Question 19

A physical trait or a personality characteristic that can be used to differentiate leaders from followers is
A)a leader trait
B)a manager trait
C)a follower trait
D)an employee trait
E)a trait tag

Accepted Answer

A leader trait is a physical or personality characteristic that distinguishes individuals who are leaders from those who are followers. These traits include things like charisma, confidence, communication skills, and a willingness to take risks. Although not everyone possesses these traits, individuals who do may be more likely to emerge as leaders in group situations.

Question 20

Which of the following, is not a tip according to Peter Drucker for improving leadership effectiveness
A)think and say 'I' rather than 'we'
B)determine what needs to be done
C)determine the right thing to do for the welfare of the entire organization
D)listen first, speak last
E)focus on opportunities rather than problems

Accepted Answer

Peter Drucker emphasized the importance of focusing on "we" instead of "I" for effective leadership. This encourages teamwork and collaboration within the organization. Therefore, "thinking and saying 'I' rather than 'we'" is not a tip for improving leadership effectiveness according to Peter Drucker.

Quiz 10: Conflict and Negotiation in the Workplace

All of the following are examples of the contingency approach except

Resolving disputes, facilitating communication, and encouraging the sharing of minority opinions belong to which category of leader behaviour found in the revised Path-Goal theory?

Which of the following characteristics is associated with being a manager rather than a leader?

According to Tim Judge and his colleagues, the relationship between the Big Five personality traits and leadership emergence and effectiveness is/are

A process that uses social influence to enable and seek the participation of subordinates in an effort to reach common organizational goals is

The effectiveness of a particular style of leader behaviour will depend on many variables.This is referred to as the

Two early approaches to explain leadership were

House's revised Path-Goal theory includes

Which of the following is not true about male and female leaders?

Internal and external situational variables that cause one style of leadership to be more effective than another is referred to as

Jonathan believes that Monica exhibited the traits and behaviours of a leader.Jonathon has a

Researchers at Ohio State and the University of Michigan identified two independent dimensions of leader behaviour.The dimensions are

In Fiedler's model, ________ refers to the degree to which the leader has formal power to reward, punish, or otherwise obtain compliance from employees.

The Trait Theory of Leadership focuses on physical traits or personality characteristics that can be used to differentiate leaders from followers.Which of the following is NOT a trait theory of leadership?

Leadership involves

Shared leadership in teams is positively associated with

The Path-Goal Theory, a contingency approach, was proposed by

In Fiedler's model, which dimension of situational control reflects the extent to which the leader has the support, loyalty, and trust of the work group?

A physical trait or a personality characteristic that can be used to differentiate leaders from followers is

Which of the following, is not a tip according to Peter Drucker for improving leadership effectiveness