Question 1

Voletta believes that older adults become more selective about their social networks as they age.She is a proponent of:

Accepted Answer

Socioemotional selectivity theory proposes that as individuals age, they become more selective in their social networks, focusing on closer relationships that are emotionally satisfying. This is done in order to maximize positive experiences and minimize negative ones, as individuals become increasingly aware of their limited time and resources.

Question 2

Erikson believed that elderly adults use their impending death as a motivation to look back and evaluate their life.This form of retrospection is what many theorists call:

Accepted Answer

Erikson's theory of psychosocial development includes a stage called "Ego Integrity vs. Despair," which occurs in late adulthood. During this stage, elderly adults use their impending death as motivation to reflect on their life and to evaluate their successes, achievements, and failures. This process of looking back is called life review, and it is believed to contribute to a sense of meaning and purpose in old age. Therefore, A) life review is the best choice among the given options.

Question 3

One study revealed that an important factor among older adults who showed a higher level of emotion regulation and successful aging was:

Accepted Answer

The study found that older adults who showed a higher level of emotion regulation and successful aging were those who had reduced responsiveness to regrets. This suggests that these individuals were able to let go of past regrets and not let them affect their present emotional state, which in turn may have contributed to their overall well-being and successful aging.

Question 4

According to Erik Erikson,which of the following stages of development do individuals experience in late adulthood?

Accepted Answer

Erik Erikson believed that late adulthood (65+) is characterized by the stage of integrity vs. despair. This stage involves reflecting on one's life and coming to terms with past experiences, and finding a sense of meaning and fulfillment in life.

Question 5

Which of the following is Erikson's eighth stage of development?

Accepted Answer

Erikson's eighth stage of development is called "Integrity vs. despair," which occurs during late adulthood. This stage involves reflecting on one's life and feeling a sense of satisfaction with the accomplishments and experiences or a sense of regret and despair.

Question 6

According to Erik Erikson,what is the last stage of development in life?

Accepted Answer

The last stage of development in life, according to Erik Erikson's psychosocial theory, is the stage of Integrity versus despair. This stage typically occurs in late adulthood and involves reflecting on one's life and accomplishments. If individuals feel satisfied and accomplished, they will develop a sense of integrity. In contrast, if individuals feel unfulfilled and regretful, they will experience despair. This stage is important as it determines how a person approaches the end of life.

Question 7

Which theory gained support by the finding that as individuals grow older they had fewer peripheral social contacts but retained close relationships with people who provided them with emotional support?

Accepted Answer

The finding that as individuals grow older they had fewer peripheral social contacts but retained close relationships with people who provided them with emotional support supports the socioemotional selectivity theory. This theory suggests that as people age, they become more selective with their social contacts and prioritize emotional goals, such as maintaining close relationships with loved ones, over informational goals, such as meeting new people or seeking out new experiences.

Question 8

A recent meta-analysis of 128 studies found that through reminiscence therapy,clients attained a:

Accepted Answer

The correct answer is D as the meta-analysis found that through reminiscence therapy, clients attained a higher sense of integrity. This is consistent with Erik Erikson's theory of psychosocial development, which suggests that integrity versus despair is the final stage of development for older adults, and involves reflecting on one's life experiences and accepting the choices and experiences made throughout one's life. Reminiscence therapy aims to promote this process of reflection and acceptance, ultimately leading to a higher sense of integrity.

Question 9

Robert Butler states that life review is set in motion by:

Accepted Answer

The answer of Robert Butler states that life review is...

Question 10

Vashti believes that the more energetic and involved older adults are,the more likely they are to be satisfied with their lives.Thus she believes in:

Accepted Answer

Activity theory proposes that the more active and involved older adults are, the more likely they are to be satisfied with their lives. This theory emphasizes the importance of remaining socially engaged and active in later life to maintain a sense of purpose and well-being.

Question 11

All of the following are associated with reminiscence therapy in older adults EXCEPT:

Accepted Answer

Reminiscence therapy focuses on exploring and reflecting on past experiences, which can lead to increased self-esteem, psychological well-being, and mental health in older adults. However, it is not typically associated with increased physical mobility.

Question 12

All of the following are part of the life review process EXCEPT:

Accepted Answer

The life review process involves reflecting on past life experiences, evaluating them, and interpreting their significance. However, it does not involve projecting future life experiences as it focuses solely on the past.

Question 13

A new study revealed that older adults report more ______ emotions than younger adults in both the morning and the evening.

Accepted Answer

The study found that older adults reported more positive emotions than younger adults in both the morning and the evening.

Question 14

When working with older clients,some clinicians use _____ therapy.Vanda is in one such therapy program and her clinician has her discussing past activities and experiences with other individuals in her group.

Accepted Answer

Reminiscence therapy involves recalling past experiences and events, often in a group setting. This type of therapy is often used with older clients and can help improve mood, increase socialization, and encourage the sharing of life lessons. Gestalt, schema, and drama therapy are all different types of therapy that may be used with clients, but they do not involve specifically focusing on reminiscing about past experiences.

Question 15

Stacy is a director of a senior center.Every week she leads a group where the elders discuss past activities and experiences.The members of the group are encouraged to share anecdotes,old pictures,and other family memorabilia that remind them of significant events in their past.Stacy's group is a form of:

Accepted Answer

The group led by Stacy is a form of reminiscence therapy, which involves recalling past events and experiences as a way to improve emotional well-being and cognitive functioning in seniors. This therapy is based on the idea that reminiscing about the past can promote a sense of identity and self-worth, as well as provide opportunities for social interaction and engagement. Cognitive behavioral therapy (A) focuses on changing negative thought patterns and behaviors, past life regression therapy (B) is a controversial form of therapy that involves exploring past lives through hypnosis, and rational emotive therapy (D) involves identifying and challenging irrational beliefs in order to improve emotional functioning.

Question 16

Which of the following is prominent in Erikson's final stage of integrity versus despair?

Accepted Answer

In Erikson's final stage of integrity versus despair, individuals may engage in a life review process where they reflect on their life experiences and evaluate their accomplishments and regrets. This process can contribute to the development of integrity or a sense of satisfaction and wisdom about one's life, or it can lead to feelings of despair and regret. Identity resolution, integrity formation, and struggle for independence are more relevant to earlier stages of development.

Question 17

According to Erikson,the _____ stage of development involves reflecting on the past and either piecing together a positive review or concluding that one's life has not been well spent.

Accepted Answer

The stage described in the question is integrity vs. despair, which occurs in late adulthood. This stage involves the individual reflecting on their life and either feeling a sense of satisfaction and fulfillment (integrity) or feeling regret and disappointment (despair). Autonomy vs. shame is a stage in early childhood, industry vs. inferiority is a stage in middle childhood, and generativity vs. stagnation is a stage in middle adulthood.

Question 18

Which of the following statements about life review is FALSE?

Accepted Answer

Life reviews are meant to prompt reflection on one's life experiences, including regrets, in order to find meaning and closure. Avoiding reflecting on regrets would go against the purpose of a life review.

Question 19

As a minister,being conscientious about the welfare of her parishioners,Reverend Douglas creates many roles in her church for retired church members.Reverend Douglas appears to be applying:

Accepted Answer

Activity theory posits that the more active a person is, the more likely they are to thrive and maintain their well-being as they age. By creating roles in her church for retired church members, Reverend Douglas is encouraging them to stay active and engaged, which aligns with the principles of activity theory.

Question 20

A new finding that Canadian older adults who were more physically active had higher life satisfaction and greater social interaction than their physically inactive counterparts supports which theory of aging?

Accepted Answer

Activity theory posits that remaining active and engaged in social and productive activities is important for successful aging. The finding that physically active Canadian older adults had higher life satisfaction and greater social interaction supports this theory.

Quiz 16: Socioemotional Development in Late Adulthood