Question 1

Erikson thought the struggle to maintain ethnic identities while blending in with the majority culture has been the driving force in the founding of

Accepted Answer

Erikson's theory suggests that the struggle to maintain ethnic identities while blending with the majority culture has played a role in the formation of various social institutions, including religious institutions (such as churches), political institutions (such as revolutionary movements), and even empires. Therefore, all of the choices provided (churches, empires, and revolutions) could be valid answers.

Question 2

Individuality,according to Catherine Cooper,consists of which two dimensions?

Accepted Answer

According to Catherine Cooper, individuality consists of two dimensions: self-assertion, which is the ability to express one's own needs and desires, and separateness, which is the ability to distinguish oneself from others and maintain personal boundaries. Option A) accurately reflects these two dimensions.

Question 3

Ethnic _____________________ is an enduring aspect of the self that includes a sense of membership in an ethnic group along with the attitudes and feelings related to that membership.

Accepted Answer

Ethnic identity refers to an individual's sense of belonging to a particular ethnic group and the attitudes and feelings associated with this membership. It is often shaped by cultural practices, beliefs, and experiences and can influence an individual's sense of self and behavior. Foreclosure refers to an individual adopting an identity without exploration or consideration of other options, diffusion refers to a lack of commitment to any particular identity, and confusion refers to a state of uncertainty and anxiety regarding one's identity.

Question 4

What is a common pattern of individuals who develop positive identities?

Accepted Answer

The "MAMA" cycles of moratorium-achievement-moratorium-achievement represent a common pattern for individuals developing positive identities. This pattern involves periods of exploration (moratorium) followed by periods of commitment (achievement), which is considered a healthy process of identity formation.

Question 5

Second-generation immigrants are more likely to

Accepted Answer

Second-generation immigrants are born in the country they currently reside in, so they are granted citizenship at birth. This often leads them to identify as American or with the nationality of the country they were born in.

Question 6

Catherine Cooper has proposed that optimal identity development occurs in a family atmosphere that promotes

Accepted Answer

Catherine Cooper has proposed that optimal identity development occurs in a family atmosphere that promotes both individuality and connectedness. This means that individuals need to have the freedom to develop their own unique identities while still feeling a sense of belonging and connection within the family unit. This balance is important for healthy development and contributes to a strong sense of identity. While self-esteem and efficacy (B) are important for overall mental health, they are not specifically related to identity development. Additionally, crisis and commitment (C) and moratorium and foreclosure (D) are specific stages in identity development theory and do not necessarily relate to the family atmosphere.

Question 7

The indicators of identity often differ for each succeeding generation of immigrants.First-generation immigrants are

Accepted Answer

First-generation immigrants have often grown up immersed in their own culture and are likely to be secure in their identities. However, they may also face challenges in adapting to the new culture and may be unlikely to change their values and beliefs. Learning English may also be a challenge for some first-generation immigrants, but it is not necessarily true for all.

Question 8

Eighteen-year-old Sylvia had a difficult time selecting a college but finally settled on a private school in Washington State.During her first year at school,she struggled with selecting a major but finally decided on psychology.This pattern of crisis and resolution is called

Accepted Answer

The "MAMA" cycle stands for "Moratorium to Achievement to Moratorium to Achievement," which describes a pattern of experiencing a crisis, resolving it, then encountering another crisis and resolving it again, as seen in Sylvia's experiences with choosing a college and then a major.

Question 9

When an individual connects with their own ethnic culture and with the majority culture is identified as

Accepted Answer

Bicultural identity refers to the ability of individuals to identify with two or more cultures. It involves connecting with one's own cultural background while also embracing and integrating into the majority culture. Ethnic identity refers to the sense of belonging and connection to one's own ethnic group. Culturalization refers to the process of socializing individuals into a particular culture. Ethnic culture refers to the customs, beliefs, and traditions of a particular ethnic group.

Question 10

With regard to family influences on identity,when connectedness is strong and individuation is weak,adolescents often have what identity status?

Accepted Answer

When adolescents have a strong sense of connectedness to their family, but have not yet established their own individual identity, they often adopt an identity status of foreclosure. This means that they have not explored different options or possibilities for their identity, but have instead adopted the values and beliefs of their family without question.

Question 11

What drives the changes from infancy through adolescence in terms of self-understanding? Perspective taking,which is linked to Piaget's cognitive theory,is one possibility.Explain how perspective taking and the answer you give are connected.

Accepted Answer

The answer of What drives the changes from infancy through...

Question 12

_____________________ may force people to see themselves as cut off from the majority group and may encourage them to seek the support of their own ethnic culture.

Accepted Answer

Discrimination, or being treated unfairly or unequally due to one's race, ethnicity, or culture, can make individuals feel isolated and excluded from the majority group. This can lead them to seek support and validation from their own ethnic or cultural group, leading to the strengthening of ethnic identity and culture. Nondiscrimination or church affiliation may not necessarily have this effect.

Question 13

A part of identity development in which adolescents show a personal investment in what they are going to do is called

Accepted Answer

Commitment is the part of identity development in which adolescents show a personal investment in what they are going to do. They make choices and decisions about their future and commit to certain paths, values, beliefs, and roles. This comes after the phase of crisis or exploration, in which adolescents consider different options, alternatives, and possibilities in order to define their identity. Deliberation and moratorium are related to the process of exploring and deciding, but they are not the final stage of identity development.

Question 14

Individuality consists of what two dimensions?

Accepted Answer

Self-assertion and separateness are the two dimensions of individuality proposed by developmental psychologist Erik Erikson. Self-assertion refers to the process of discovering and expressing one's own unique personality and preferences, while separateness involves establishing boundaries and forming one's own identity separate from others.

Question 15

The degree to which first-generation immigrants begin to feel "American" appears to be associated with all of the following except whether or not they

Accepted Answer

The given options A, B, and D all relate to the process of integration into the new country and adoption of the cultural norms and values. Option C is not directly related to this process as living in the same immediate neighborhood as others speaking their language may actually hinder the process of assimilation and identification with American culture.

Question 16

Concerning identity formation during one's lifetime,the "MAMA" cycle refers to

Accepted Answer

The "MAMA" cycle refers to the process of individuals going through periods of moratorium (exploration and questioning of identity) followed by achievement (solidifying one's sense of identity). This cycle can occur multiple times throughout a person's lifetime. Therefore, the correct choice is A, which stands for "moratorium-achievement-moratorium-achievement."

Question 17

Of the following,who is most likely to be identity achieved?

Accepted Answer

Erik Erikson's theory of psychosocial development suggests that identity achievement occurs in young adulthood, typically around ages 18-25. Therefore, a senior in college would be the most likely to have achieved a stable and coherent sense of identity. The other options are still going through the process of figuring out who they are and what they want out of life.

Question 18

Identify the five main characteristics of self-understanding in young children.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Identify the five main characteristics of self-understanding...

Question 19

Which of the following elements affect ethnic identity?

Accepted Answer

Both minority status and generational immigrant status can affect ethnic identity. Minority status can contribute to a stronger identification with one's ethnic group, while generational immigrant status may lead to a shift in identity towards assimilation into the larger society. Therefore, both of these factors are important in shaping ethnic identity.

Question 20

Connectedness consists of which two dimensions?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Connectedness consists of which two dimensions?
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Quiz 11: The Self and Identity