Question 1

Tapi believes that all human beings have certain inalienable rights that need to be protected.She believes that the current law in her country which prohibits interracial marriage is unfair and should be changed.According to Kohlberg,which of the following describes Tapi's level of moral reasoning?

Accepted Answer

Tapi's belief in protecting human rights and advocating for changing an unjust law indicates that she is operating at the postconventional level of moral reasoning, where individuals prioritize principles of justice and fairness above societal norms and laws.

Question 2

When asked why she participated with other students in a protest against treatment of women on her campus,Kai says that all human beings should have equal rights.According to Kai,the university has rules that are unfair to women; and she is morally against such discriminatory practices.Which of the following is likely to be Kai's moral level according to Lawrence Kohlberg?

Accepted Answer

Kai's statement about equal rights for all human beings and her opposition to discriminatory practices indicate that she is operating at the postconventional level of morality, which is characterized by an adherence to individual principles of justice, self-chosen ethical principles, and consideration of larger social issues.

Question 3

Julio,12,cannot get his science project to work.In fact,it seems to him that nothing he makes ever works properly.According to Erik Erikson,Julio is at risk for developing a sense of:

Accepted Answer

According to Erik Erikson's theory of psychosocial development, children ages 6-11 are in the stage of industry versus inferiority. During this stage, children develop a sense of competence through mastering tasks and receiving praise for their accomplishments. However, if they consistently fail at tasks or receive criticism, they may develop a sense of inferiority. Julio's inability to get his science project to work could potentially lead to feelings of inferiority and a lack of confidence in his abilities.

Question 4

At which stage of Lawrence Kohlberg's theory of moral development does a person understand that values,rights,and principles undergird or transcend the law?

Accepted Answer

This stage, known as the social contract or utility and individual rights, is when an individual understands that there are higher principles and values that transcend the law and that laws should be evaluated based on their adherence to these principles. This stage is characterized by an appreciation for individual rights and freedoms, as well as a recognition that laws can and should be changed if they do not align with these higher principles.

Question 5

At which stage of Kohlberg's theory of moral development do individuals value trust,caring,and loyalty to others as a basis of moral judgments?

Accepted Answer

According to Kohlberg's theory of moral development, individuals in the stage of Mutual interpersonal expectations, relationships, and interpersonal conformity (stage 3) value trust, caring, and loyalty to others as the basis of moral judgments. At this stage, individuals seek approval from society and take into account the perspectives of others. They also prioritize maintaining relationships and social harmony, valuing the needs and feelings of others.

Question 6

According to Kohlberg,which of the following is the first stage of moral development?

Accepted Answer

The first stage of moral development, according to Kohlberg, is heteronomous morality. This stage is characterized by obedience to authority and the belief that rules are unchangeable and must be followed at all times. Children at this stage have a limited understanding of the intentions behind rules and the concept of justice.

Question 7

According to Lawrence Kohlberg,the highest stage of moral development is:

Accepted Answer

According to Kohlberg, the highest stage of moral development is the universal ethical principles stage, in which individuals develop and adopt their own personal moral code based on universal ethical principles such as justice, equality, and human dignity. This stage is characterized by a focus on moral and ethical principles over laws and social norms, and a willingness to act in accordance with these principles, even when it goes against social conventions.

Question 8

When faced with a conflict between law and conscience,a person who is at the _____ stage in Kohlberg's theory of moral development will follow conscience,even though the decision might involve personal risk.

Accepted Answer

According to Kohlberg's theory, individuals in the highest stage of moral development, the universal ethical principles stage, follow their own set of moral principles and ideals, which may conflict with societal norms and laws. They prioritize moral principles over adherence to laws and regulations, even when it entails personal risk.

Question 9

Which of the following is TRUE of Dale Schunk's findings about students with high self-efficacy?

Accepted Answer

Dale Schunk's findings suggest that students with high self-efficacy persist longer at learning tasks than students with low self-efficacy. Option A is incorrect because students with high self-efficacy are more likely to expend effort on learning tasks, not less likely. Option B is incorrect because students with high self-efficacy do not have an "I cannot" attitude, but rather a "I can" attitude. Option D is incorrect because students with high self-efficacy do not avoid learning tasks, especially those that are challenging, but rather they are more likely to tackle them.

Question 10

Erik Erikson's fourth stage of development,appearing during middle and late childhood,is called:

Accepted Answer

Erik Erikson's fourth stage of development is called industry versus inferiority. It occurs during middle and late childhood, typically between the ages of 6 and 12. In this stage, children are focused on developing a sense of competence through their interactions with peers and adults. They become interested in learning new skills and taking on challenges, and they strive to be recognized for their accomplishments. If children feel successful, they develop a sense of industry, while if they feel inferior or unable to meet expectations, they may develop a sense of inferiority.

Question 11

Which of the following stages of Kohlberg's theory of moral development is characterized by moral judgments based on understanding the social order,law,justice,and duty?

Accepted Answer

According to Kohlberg's theory, the stage of Social Systems Morality is characterized by moral judgments based on understanding the social order, law, justice, and duty. This stage is also known as the "law and order" stage, where individuals believe that rules and laws are essential for maintaining a functioning society. They also understand that legal systems are necessary for ensuring justice and protecting the rights of citizens.

Question 12

The increased capacity for self-regulation that is seen in middle and late childhood is linked to developmental advances in the:

Accepted Answer

The prefrontal cortex is responsible for executive functions such as planning, decision-making, and impulse control, which increase in middle and late childhood as this area of the brain develops. This allows for greater self-regulation and control of behavior. The hypothalamus and amygdala are more involved in emotional functioning and are not as directly related to self-regulation. The hippocampus is involved in memory processing but not specifically related to self-regulation.

Question 13

Keith is trying to help his son,Judd,deal with the devastating floods that left 40,000 people in the Midwest homeless.Judd's mother and two sisters were among those who lost their homes and all of their belongings.A strategy that Keith should NOT implement is to:

Accepted Answer

Allowing Judd to repeatedly watch news footage of the tragedy can worsen his trauma and increase his anxiety. It is important to limit his exposure to negative images and information.

Answer: A, B, D 
 Keith should allow Judd to express his feelings and fears, validate his emotions, and reassure him of his safety. Allowing Judd to tell and retell his story can help him process his emotions and integrate the experience into his life. Encouraging Judd to talk about his nightmares can also help him cope and reduce the impact of the trauma. Reassuring Judd that this type of tragedy is rare and that he is safe can help alleviate his anxiety and provide him with a sense of security.

Question 14

Which of the following is NOT true of self-regulation?

Accepted Answer

Self-regulation is not characterized by an eagerness to perform challenging tasks. While self-regulated individuals may be more likely to take on challenging tasks, it is not a defining characteristic of self-regulation. Rather, self-regulation refers to the ability to manage one's own behavior, emotions, and thoughts in order to achieve a desired goal.

Question 15

Lawrence Kohlberg studied moral development by:

Accepted Answer

Lawrence Kohlberg presented children with a series of stories in which characters face moral dilemmas as a way of studying moral development. This is known as the Moral Dilemma Technique. He used the responses to identify the level of moral reasoning and development of each child.

Question 16

A person is arrested for stealing company documents and says,"Yes,I did steal the documents,and I am willing to go to jail for it.These documents prove that the company was engaging in a cover-up of the unsafe properties of its chemical.I think the public has a right to know about it".Lawrence Kohlberg would classify this person as using _____ reasoning.

Accepted Answer

The person is using postconventional reasoning because they are willing to break the law based on their own personal morals and beliefs about what is right and wrong. They are seeking to expose a greater social injustice, even if it means facing consequences for their actions.

Question 17

Clarissa thinks that people should be nice to others,so that others are nice to them.According to Kohlberg's theory of moral development,Clarissa is currently in which of the following levels?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Clarissa thinks that people should be nice...

Question 18

Megan bases her moral decisions on fear of punishment.According to Kohlberg,Megan is currently in which of the following levels of moral development?

Accepted Answer

Megan is in the preconventional reasoning stage, which is the first level of moral development according to Kohlberg. In this stage, individuals base their moral decisions on avoiding punishment and seeking rewards.

Question 19

Darren is an active 12-year-old boy.When his friend Simon cheats in a game,he tends to get irritated.However,Darren controls his anger and tries explaining to Simon why cheating is bad.Which developmental aspect is Darren displaying in his actions?

Accepted Answer

Darren is showing self-regulation by controlling his anger and through his actions of trying to explain to Simon why cheating is bad. This demonstrates his ability to manage his emotions and impulses, which is an important aspect of development.

Question 20

According to Kohlberg's theory of moral development,during which of the following stages do people pursue their own interests; but also let others do the same?

Accepted Answer

According to Kohlberg, individuals in stage two (individualism, instrumental purpose, and exchange) pursue their own interests but also recognize that others have their own goals and interests, and thus they are willing to make trades or exchanges to benefit themselves and others.

Quiz 10: Socioemotional Development in Middle and Late Childhood