Question 1

Infants show _____ when they are in familiar settings.

Accepted Answer

Infants tend to feel more comfortable and secure in familiar settings, leading to less stranger anxiety and separation protest.

Question 2

Researchers have found that infant fear is linked to all of the following at 6 to 7 years of age EXCEPT:

Accepted Answer

The answer of Researchers have found that infant fear is...

Question 3

Researchers have found that infant _____ is linked to guilt,empathy,and low aggression at 6 to 7 years of age.

Accepted Answer

Fear in infancy has been linked to the development of guilt, empathy, and low aggression in later childhood.

Question 4

Infancy experts Mary Ainsworth and John Bowlby stress that _____ is an important ingredient in developing a strong bond between the infant and caregiver.

Accepted Answer

A quick, comforting response to the infant's cries is important in developing a strong bond between the infant and caregiver. This helps the infant feel secure and understood, and teaches them that they can trust their caregiver to meet their needs. Ignoring the infant's cries or responding too much to infant crying can both have negative effects on the bond and the infant's emotional development. Forcefully telling the infant not to cry is inappropriate and ineffective, as infants cannot control their crying and need their caregivers to help soothe them.

Question 5

In their longitudinal investigation,Chess and Thomas found that _____ percent of the children they studied could be classified as easy.

Accepted Answer

In Chess and Thomas' longitudinal investigation, they found that 40 percent of the children they studied could be classified as easy. This means that a majority of the children fell into this category, making it the best choice. The other answer choices are too low or too high to accurately reflect the findings of the study.

Question 6

In which of the following situations will 9-month-old Lucy show the LEAST stranger anxiety?

Accepted Answer

Babies are more likely to show less stranger anxiety when they meet another baby who is around the same age as them. They are more likely to feel comfortable and curious in the company of other babies. Hence, Lucy will show less stranger anxiety if she meets another 9-month-old baby at her home.

Question 7

Which of the following statements is NOT true of crying?

Accepted Answer

Newborns do not typically respond with positive facial expressions when they hear other newborns cry. Rather, they may exhibit signs of distress or discomfort as a result of the loud and sudden noise.

Question 8

Three-month-old Zoey looks up at her mother and smiles.Researchers call this type of smiling:

Accepted Answer

Social smiling is a deliberate and intentional smile in response to social stimuli, such as a caregiver's face or voice. It typically emerges around 6-8 weeks of age and is a sign of an infant's social and emotional development. Trust smiling is a type of social smiling that occurs when an infant feels secure and safe with their caregiver. Reflexive smiling, on the other hand, is an involuntary smile that occurs in response to a physical stimulus, such as touch or tickling, and does not involve social interaction. Attachment smiling is not a commonly used term in research and is not distinct from social or trust smiling.

Question 9

_____ involves individual differences in behavioral styles,emotions,and characteristic ways of responding.

Accepted Answer

Temperament refers to individual differences in behavioral styles, emotions, and characteristic ways of responding. Attachment refers to the emotional bond between a child and their primary caregiver, perception refers to the process of organizing and interpreting sensory information, and social referencing is the process of looking to others for guidance in uncertain situations.

Question 10

Separation protest is characterized by:

Accepted Answer

Separation protest is a common behavior among young children when they are separated from their primary caregiver. It is characterized by crying, screaming, or tantrums when the caregiver leaves. The child may also search for the caregiver or cling to them tightly upon their return. Rejoicing upon the caregiver's return (A) is not a characteristic of separation protest. Crying when the caregiver shouts (B) and indifference to the whereabouts of the caregiver (D) are also not characteristic of separation protest.

Question 11

The fear of strangers peaks:

Accepted Answer

The fear of strangers, also known as stranger anxiety, typically peaks toward the end of the first year of life, around 8-12 months old. This is when infants become more aware of their surroundings and develop a sense of attachment to their primary caregiver, making them more wary of unfamiliar people.

Question 12

Babies have three types of cries.Which of the following is NOT one of them?

Accepted Answer

The three types of cries for babies are anger cry, pain cry, and basic cry. Hunger cry is not considered one of the three types of cries.

Question 13

Which of the following is TRUE of social smiling?

Accepted Answer

Social smiling is a smile that is in response to an external stimulus, and for young infants, this is typically a face. It typically appears around 6-8 weeks after birth. Therefore, option D is the best choice as it is the only option that accurately describes social smiling.

Question 14

Which of the following statements is FALSE regarding separation protests

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which of the following statements is FALSE...

Question 15

When Josh was dropped off at preschool on the very first day of class,he was quite upset.He cried for a long time and would not play with the other children.According to psychiatrists Alexander Chess and Stella Thomas,what type of temperament does Josh have?

Accepted Answer

Josh is exhibiting signs of a difficult temperament. Children with a difficult temperament tend to have a harder time adjusting to new situations and may be more emotional and reactive.

Question 16

Two-month-old Trey is crying loudly.It is a sudden long,initial loud cry followed by breath holding.This type of cry indicates that Trey is:

Accepted Answer

The sudden long, initial loud cry followed by breath holding is a common indicator of pain in infants. It is important to assess any potential sources of discomfort or illness if this type of cry persists.

Question 17

Nakita is 18 months old,and she has a tendency to cry when strangers come near her.She is displaying one of a baby's earliest emotions,_____.

Accepted Answer

Crying when strangers come near is a common sign of fear in babies. It is a natural response to the unfamiliarity of the situation and people around them. As babies grow and develop, they will typically become more comfortable with new people and situations.

Question 18

"Easy child","difficult child",and "slow-to-warm-up child" are three basic types of _____ identified by psychiatrists Alexander Chess and Stella Thomas.

Accepted Answer

Chess and Thomas identified three basic types of temperament in children: "easy child," "difficult child," and "slow-to-warm-up child." These classifications are based on a child's behavioral and emotional characteristics such as their level of activity, adaptability, and intensity of their emotional responses. The concept of temperament is important in understanding child development and can help parents and caregivers tailor their approach to meet a child's individual needs.

Question 19

Sakura isn't a particularly active child,and he tends to be wary of new situations and people.Although he doesn't cry,he dislikes dealing with novel situations.According to Thomas & Chess,he would be classified as:

Accepted Answer

Sakura's behavior fits the description of a slow-to-warm-up child, who tend to react negatively to new stimuli but gradually become more comfortable with repetition and familiarity. This is different from an easy child, who adapts easily to new situations, and a difficult child, who tends to react strongly and negatively to novelty. The term "slow child" is not a valid classification in this context.

Question 20

The most frequent expression of an infant's fear involves:

Accepted Answer

Stranger anxiety is the most frequent expression of an infant's fear, typically developing around 6-8 months of age. It is a normal part of development and involves the infant becoming wary of unfamiliar people or objects. Fear of heights and separation protest may also occur in early infancy but are less common as primary fears. Ostracism fear is a more complex social fear that develops later in childhood.

Quiz 6: Socioemotional Development in Infancy