Question 1

Renee remembers very little about the first three years of her life.Psychologists find this normal and call it:

Accepted Answer

Infantile amnesia refers to the inability of adults to remember events that occurred during the first few years of their lives. This is a common phenomenon and is considered normal by psychologists. Option A is incorrect because retroactive memory interference refers to the phenomenon where new information interferes with the retrieval of old memories, and is not related to infantile amnesia. Option C is incorrect because there is no such thing as child memory loss. Option D is incorrect because memory trace refers to the physical change that occurs in the brain when a memory is formed, and is not related to infantile amnesia.

Question 2

A form of communication that is based on a system of symbols is called _____.

Accepted Answer

Language is a form of communication that is based on a system of symbols. Syntax and grammar are part of language and contribute to its structure, but they do not fully capture the concept of language as a system of symbols. Phonology refers specifically to the study of the sound patterns used in language.

Question 3

According to the Bayley mental scale,by _____ of age,the infant should be able to inhibit behavior when commanded to do so,imitate words the examiner says,and respond to simple requests.

Accepted Answer

According to the Bayley mental scale, by 12 months of age, the infant should be able to inhibit behavior when commanded to do so, imitate words the examiner says, and respond to simple requests. The other options are too early for these abilities.

Question 4

Jean Mandler argues that early categorizations are best described as _____ categorization.

Accepted Answer

Jean Mandler argued that early categorizations are best described as perceptual categorizations. Perceptual categorizations are based on the physical characteristics of objects or events, such as their shape, size, color, and movement. Infants initially categorize based on perceptual features and then learn to generalize their categories based on shared properties of objects.

Question 5

June knows the names of all the states that comprise the United States.The names of the states are a part of June's _____ memory.

Accepted Answer

Explicit memory refers to conscious memories that can be easily brought to awareness and verbalized, such as knowledge of the states in the United States. June's ability to recall the names of all the states shows that this information is stored in her explicit memory.

Question 6

_____ are cognitive groupings of similar objects,events,people,or ideas.

Accepted Answer

Concepts are cognitive groupings of similar objects, events, people or ideas. Symbols are representations of concepts. Habits are learned behaviors that become automatic. Semantics is the study of meaning in language.

Question 7

A newborn baby widens her eyes after her mother widens her eyes and mouth and smiles at the baby.Meltzoff would say that this baby is:

Accepted Answer

Meltzoff's theory of imitation suggests that babies are born with the ability to imitate others' actions and expressions. The newborn's response to her mother's widened eyes and smile indicates that she is engaging in true imitation, as she is replicating the exact same facial expression as her mother.

Question 8

Identify the widely used assessment method of infant development that has five scales-cognitive,language,motor,socioemotional,and adaptive.

Accepted Answer

The Bayley Scales of Infant Development is a widely used assessment method for infant development that has five scales, which are cognitive, language, motor, socioemotional, and adaptive, making it the best choice. Apgar Scale is used to assess the physical condition of newborns, Brazelton Neonatal Behavioral Assessment Scale is used for assessing newborns' behavioral patterns, and Gesell test is used for assessing developmental age.

Question 9

Jim and Joanna are curious to know if their baby will grow up to be a child with high IQ.Which of the following measures for assessing infant development is correlated with measures of intelligence in older children and would best suit the purpose?

Accepted Answer

The Fagan test assesses an infant's ability to process information, which has been found to correlate with later intelligence measures.

Question 10

Remembering how to swim is an example of:

Accepted Answer

Implicit memory refers to the type of memory that is unconscious and automatic, such as remembering how to ride a bicycle or how to swim. Therefore, remembering how to swim is an example of implicit memory. Deferred imitation (B) refers to the ability to imitate a behavior or action after a delay, joint attention (C) refers to the ability to share attention with another person to something in the environment, and explicit memory (D) refers to the type of memory that is conscious, intentional, and declarative.

Question 11

The Bayley Scales of Infant Development are used to assess Mathias,who does very well on it.A high score on the Bayley mental scale:

Accepted Answer

The answer of The Bayley Scales of Infant Development are...

Question 12

In the current version of the Gesell test and Bayley Scales of Infant Development,the subscores obtained from the four and five different categories of Gesell test and Bayley Scales of Infant Development respectively are combined into an overall score that determines the infants':

Accepted Answer

The overall score obtained from the different categories in the Gesell test and Bayley Scales of Infant Development is referred to as the developmental quotient (DQ), which is a measure of the infant's overall developmental level. The Gesell test and Bayley Scales of Infant Development do not provide scores for intelligence quotient (IQ), intelligence inventory score (IIS), or early intelligence assessment (EIA).

Question 13

Most of young infants' conscious memories appear to be _____,although their implicit memory of perceptual-motor actions can be _____.

Accepted Answer

Studies have shown that young infants have rather fragile and short-lived conscious memories, but their implicit memory of perceptual-motor actions (such as sucking, grasping, and stepping) can be substantial.

Question 14

According to the Bayley mental scale,a _____ infant should be able to vocalize pleasure and displeasure,persistently search for objects that are just out of immediate reach,and approach a mirror that is placed in front of the infant by the examiner.

Accepted Answer

A 6-month-old infant typically demonstrates the ability to vocalize pleasure and displeasure, persistently search for objects, and show interest in a mirror, according to developmental milestones.

Question 15

Mandy sees a little girl in the grocery store throwing a tantrum for a toy.Mandy screams and cries for some candy the following week at the mall.Mandy is displaying:

Accepted Answer

The answer of Mandy sees a little girl in the...

Question 16

The _____ focuses on an infant's ability to process information in such ways as encoding the attributes of objects,detecting similarities and differences between objects,forming mental representations,and retrieving these representations.

Accepted Answer

The Fagan Test of Infant Intelligence assesses an infant's ability to process information by measuring visual recognition memory and preferential looking. It evaluates the infant's ability to detect similarities and differences between objects, form mental representations, and retrieve those representations. The other choices measure different aspects of infant development, but not specifically related to processing and encoding information. The developmental quotient is a measure of overall development, the Bayley Scales of Infant Development assess various domains, and the Brazelton Neonatal Behavioral Assessment Scale evaluates behavioral and neurological responses of newborns.

Question 17

Using habituation experiments,some researchers have found that infants as young as _____ can group together objects with similar appearances.

Accepted Answer

Habituation experiments have shown that infants as young as three to four months old can group together objects with similar appearances.

Question 18

Someone with a vocabulary of only 200 words can recombine the words in different ways to say thousands of different things.This aspect of language is referred to as:

Accepted Answer

Infinite generativity refers to the ability of language users to create an infinite number of sentences using a finite number of words and grammatical rules, which allows for endless combinations and variations in language use. This is precisely how someone with a limited vocabulary can still express countless ideas and concepts through language.

Question 19

Charisma is six months old and can vocalize pleasure and displeasure,search for objects out of reach,and approach a mirror that is placed in front of her.According to the Bayley Scales of Infant Development,Charisma:

Accepted Answer

Charisma is demonstrating age-appropriate skills for a six-month-old according to the Bayley Scales of Infant Development. Therefore, she is developing normally. The Bayley Scales do not measure IQ.

Question 20

From about 6 to 12 months of age,the maturation of the _____ and the surrounding cerebral cortex,especially the frontal lobes,makes explicit memory possible.

Accepted Answer

The hippocampus is responsible for the formation and consolidation of explicit memories, which are memories of specific events or information. The other brain structures listed are not directly involved in explicit memory formation.

Quiz 5: Cognitive Development in Infancy