Question 1

Most trade schools,colleges,and universities did not start offering degrees in computer technology,computer science,management information systems,or other information technology areas until the ____.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Most trade schools,colleges,and universities did not start...

Question 2

The ____ model assumes that requirements will remain stable after they are defined.

Accepted Answer

The waterfall model is based on the assumption that all requirements will be stable and identified upfront, and that there will be no major changes during the development process. The sequential nature of the waterfall model means that each stage must be completed before moving onto the next, making it difficult to accommodate changes once the project is underway.

Question 3

A ____ is a collection of project phases.

Accepted Answer

A project life cycle is a series of phases that a project goes through from its start to completion, which includes initiation, planning, execution, monitoring and controlling, and project closure. Therefore, choice A is the best answer. Choice B (project feasibility) refers to the assessment of a project's potential success before committing resources to it, and choices C (project planning cycle) and D (project acquisition) are not commonly used terms in project management.

Question 4

Many companies have realized that information technology is integral to their business and have created a vice president or equivalent-level position for the head of information technology,often called the ____.

Accepted Answer

The question is asking for the title of the head of information technology in a company. The most common title for this position is Chief Information Officer (CIO), which is the option listed under choice D. A Chief Procurement Officer (CPO) is responsible for managing a company's purchasing activities, a Chief Financial Officer (CFO) is responsible for managing the company's financial activities, and a Chief Executive Officer (CEO) is the highest-ranking officer in a company with overall responsibility for its management and operations. While IT may be important to all of these roles, they are not directly responsible for IT management.

Question 5

____ refers to the degree to which the organization monitors and responds to changes in the external environment.

Accepted Answer

Open-systems focus refers to an organization's ability to monitor and respond to changes in the external environment in order to stay flexible and adaptable. Means-ends orientation is a measure of how a company prioritizes its goals and strategies to achieve them. Conflict tolerance refers to an organization's willingness to accept and manage conflicts among its employees, while risk tolerance refers to how comfortable a company is with taking on risks in pursuit of its goals.

Question 6

The ____ model uses an approach in which developers work with an evolving prototype.

Accepted Answer

The RAD (Rapid Application Development) life cycle model uses an iterative prototype approach, where developers work with an evolving prototype until the final product is produced. Incremental build and spiral life cycle models also use an iterative approach, but they may not necessarily involve working with a prototype. The waterfall model, on the other hand, uses a linear sequential approach with distinct phases of development.

Question 7

____ is a set of shared assumptions,values,and behaviors that characterize the functioning of an organization.

Accepted Answer

Organizational culture encompasses the shared beliefs, values, customs, and practices that shape the behavior of individuals in an organization. It is a key driver of organizational success, as it influences how individuals approach work, interact with one another, and make decisions. Organizational politics refers to the power struggles and alliances that emerge within organizations, while organizational philosophy is a broader concept that encompasses an organization's mission and values. Organizational structure refers to the way in which an organization is designed and divided into different departments and roles.

Question 8

The ____ model provides for progressive development of operational software,with each release providing added capabilities.

Accepted Answer

The incremental build life cycle model involves dividing the software development process into smaller parts or builds, with each build providing additional functionalities or capabilities. This model allows for continuous improvements in the software, with each build refining and building upon the previous one.

Question 9

To handle complex situations effectively,project managers need to take a(n)____________________ view of a project and understand how it relates to the larger organization.

Accepted Answer

The answer of To handle complex situations effectively,project managers need...

Question 10

In a ____ matrix organizational structure,the project manager controls the project budget and has moderate to high authority.

Accepted Answer

In a strong matrix organizational structure, the project manager has control over the project budget and possesses moderate to high authority, unlike in weak or balanced matrix structures.

Question 11

Project managers have the least amount of authority in a pure ____.

Accepted Answer

In a functional organizational structure, project managers have the least amount of authority as the power lies with the functional managers who control the resources and personnel allocated to the project. The project manager acts more as a coordinator and facilitator rather than as a decision-maker. In contrast, in a project organizational structure or a matrix organizational structure, the project manager has more authority and control over the project. A circular organizational structure is not a commonly used organizational structure in project management.

Question 12

In early phases of a project life cycle,resource needs are usually ____ and the level of uncertainty is ____.

Accepted Answer

In the early phases of a project life cycle, the resource needs are usually lowest as the project is just beginning to take shape. However, the level of uncertainty is usually highest as there are many unknowns that need to be addressed and resolved before the project can progress smoothly. Therefore, option A is the correct answer.

Question 13

____________________ addresses the business,technological,and organizational issues associated with creating,maintaining,and making a change to a system.

Accepted Answer

The answer of ____________________ addresses the business,technological,and organizational issues associated...

Question 14

In the ____ phase,the project team creates more detailed project plans,a more accurate cost estimate,and a more thorough WBS.

Accepted Answer

During the development phase, the project team focuses on creating more detailed plans, including a more comprehensive work breakdown structure (WBS) and a more accurate cost estimate. This is the stage where the project begins to take shape, and the team works to finalize the project objectives and scope, select the best approach to use, and create a plan that will guide the implementation phase. The development phase is critical to the success of the project because it sets the foundation for the subsequent phases.

Question 15

____________________ are sets of interacting components working within an environment to fulfill some purpose.

Accepted Answer

The answer of ____________________ are sets of interacting components working...

Question 16

A(n)____________________ is an overall model for thinking about things as systems.

Accepted Answer

The answer of A(n)____________________ is an overall model for thinking...

Question 17

In the ____ phase,the project team creates a definitive or very accurate cost estimate,delivers the required work,and provides performance reports to stakeholders.

Accepted Answer

The implementation phase is where the project team puts the project plan into action, delivers the required work, and provides performance reports to stakeholders. During this phase, the team also creates a definitive or very accurate cost estimate to ensure the project stays on track financially. The development phase comes before implementation and involves designing and planning the project. The concept phase is even earlier in the project lifecycle and focuses on identifying the need for the project and outlining potential solutions. The close-out phase is the final stage of the project where the team wraps up any loose ends and finalizes all deliverables.

Question 18

The ____ characteristic of organizational culture describes the degree to which management's decisions take into account the effect of outcomes on people within the organization.

Accepted Answer

The people focus characteristic of organizational culture reflects the degree to which management considers the impact of their decisions on employees within the organization. This includes taking actions that support the well-being and development of employees, and recognizing and valuing their contributions to the organization.

Question 19

A preliminary or rough cost estimate is developed in the ____ phase,and an overview of the work involved is created.

Accepted Answer

The preliminary or rough cost estimate is developed in the concept phase, which is the initial phase of a project where an overview of the work involved is created. This estimation helps in deciding whether to proceed with the project or not. The implementation phase is where the actual work of the project is executed, the development phase is where the project is designed, and the close-out phase is where the project is completed and evaluated.

Question 20

The ____ model requires heavy user involvement,and developers use a model to generate functional requirements and physical design specifications simultaneously.

Accepted Answer

The prototyping life cycle model involves heavy user involvement as it focuses on creating prototypes to gather user feedback and refine requirements and design simultaneously.

Quiz 2: The Project Management and Information Technology Context