Question 1

Jill recently joined a large accounting firm. During the interview process, she was informed that the first raise for new hires usually takes place about a year after their joining date. However, she has been with the firm for just six months and has already received her first raise. The work is even more challenging and enjoyable than what she expected it to be. Additionally, she has been pleasantly surprised at the support and friendliness shown to her by her colleagues. When asked by a researcher studying job satisfaction, Jill rated her level of job satisfaction as "very high." Which model of job satisfaction best explains Jill's level of satisfaction with her job?
A)Dispositional/genetic
B)Equity
C)Value attainment
D)Discrepancy
E)Need fulfillment

Accepted Answer

Discrepancy models propose that satisfaction is a result of met expectations. An individual will be satisfied when he or she attains outcomes above and beyond expectations. Jill received her first raise though she was a new hire, found her work more challenging and enjoyable than expected. She also received good support from her colleagues. As she received many outcomes above and beyond her expectations, she was highly satisfied.

Question 2

_____ refers to an awareness of the costs associated with leaving the organization.
A)Normative commitment
B)Affective commitment
C)Continuance commitment
D)Emotional dissonance
E)Cognitive dissonance

Accepted Answer

Continuance commitment refers to an awareness of the costs associated with leaving the organization. Employees whose primary link to the organization is based on continuance commitment remain because they need to do so.

Question 3

Wealthy Healthy Inc. applies an employee stock ownership plan. This is an attempt to:
A)decrease continuance commitment.
B)decrease job involvement.
C)increase employee turnover.
D)increase organizational commitment.
E)increase counter-productive behavior.

Accepted Answer

Companies use a variety of methods to increase employees' organizational commitment. Employee stock ownership plan is one such method.

Question 4

Which of the following is a contextual characteristic that influences employee engagement?
A)Conscientiousness
B)PE fit
C)Psychological safety
D)Proactive personality
E)Mindfulness

Accepted Answer

Psychological safety occurs when people feel safe to display engagement. In other words, employees must be free of any fears associated with trying new, innovative ideas or behaviors at work.

Question 5

Which of the following is a personal characteristic that influences employee engagement?
A)Organizational culture
B)PE fit
C)Psychological safety
D)Leader behavior
E)Line of sight

Accepted Answer

PE fit is a personal characteristic that influences employee engagement.

Question 6

Which of the following is influenced by psychological contracts?
A)Emotional dissonance
B)Affective commitment
C)Continuance commitment
D)Normative commitment
E)Cognitive dissonance

Accepted Answer

Normative commitment is influenced by psychological contracts.

Question 7

In the ____ model of job satisfaction, satisfaction results from one's perception that work outcomes, relative to inputs, compare favorably with a significant other's outcomes/inputs.
A)need fulfillment
B)discrepancies
C)value attainment
D)equity
E)dispositional/Genetic component

Accepted Answer

In the equity model of job satisfaction, satisfaction is a function of how "fairly" an individual is treated at work. Satisfaction results from one's perception that work outcomes, relative to inputs, compare favorably with a significant other's outcomes/inputs.

Question 8

Offering a variety of progressive benefits and human resource programs to employees is a way to foster the _____ component of organizational commitment.
A)affective commitment
B)cognitive
C)continuance commitment
D)normative commitment
E)reflective

Accepted Answer

Continuance commitment is enhanced by offering employees a variety of progressive benefits and human resource programs.

Question 9

Discrepancy models of job satisfaction propose that job satisfaction increases as:
A)the employee attains outcomes above expectations.
B)needs are satisfied.
C)all employees are treated fairly.
D)jobs allow for greater value attainment.
E)working conditions improve.

Accepted Answer

According to the discrepancy models of job satisfaction, an individual will be satisfied when he or she attains outcomes above and beyond expectations.

Question 10

_____ reflects a feeling of obligation to continue employment.
A)Normative commitment
B)Affective commitment
C)Continuance commitment
D)Emotional dissonance
E)Cognitive dissonance

Accepted Answer

Normative commitment reflects a feeling of obligation to continue employment. Employees with a high level of normative commitment feel that they ought to remain with the organization.

Question 11

Which of the following tends to result in increased continuance commitment?
A)Corporate leaders demonstrate increasing trust in employees.
B)The company helps employees learn more about the organization through departmental visits and special seminars on company products.
C)Employees receive low interest loans and other incentives from their employer that make it costly for them to quit.
D)The company introduces self-managerial techniques and creative systems for employees to identify with the organization.
E)The company allows opportunities for learning new skills to employees.

Accepted Answer

Continuance commitment refers to an awareness of the costs associated with leaving the organization. Employees whose primary link to the organization is based on continuance commitment remain because they need to do so. When employees receive low interest loans and other incentives from their employer, it becomes costly for them to quit, and this increases their continuance commitment to their organization.

Question 12

Gorgeous Inc., a cosmetics company asked employees to choose the aspects of their job that were very important to their job satisfaction. Their top four choices in decreasing order of importance were compensation, other monetary benefits, job security, and work-life balance. This implies that employees at Gorgeous Inc. get satisfied when:
A)they attain outcomes above expectations.
B)their working conditions improve.
C)they are able to meet their basic needs.
D)their jobs allow for greater value attainment.
E)their job allows for fulfillment of their important work values.

Accepted Answer

Need fulfillment models propose that satisfaction is determined by the extent to which the characteristics of a job allow an individual to fulfill his or her needs. The employees at Gorgeous Inc. get satisfied when they are provided with compensation, other monetary benefits, job security, and work-life balance. Of these, the two most important aspects-compensation and other monetary benefits are directly related to employees' ability to meet a variety of basic needs.

Question 13

Which of the following occurs when organizations give financial incentives to prevent dissatisfied employees from quitting?
A)Employees' level of affective commitment increases.
B)Employees' level of continuance commitment increases.
C)Employees' level of emotional dissonance increases.
D)Employees' level of emotional intelligence decreases.
E)Employees' level of continuance commitment decreases.

Accepted Answer

Continuance commitment refers to an awareness of the costs associated with leaving the organization. Employees whose primary link to the organization is based on continuance commitment remain because they need to do so. When organizations give financial incentives to prevent dissatisfied employees from quitting, their level of continuance commitment increases.

Question 14

Fulfilling one's needs, attaining important values, and being treated fairly at work are causes of _____.
A)job satisfaction
B)met expectations
C)absenteeism
D)employee turnover
E)emotional intelligence

Accepted Answer

Five predominant models of job satisfaction focus on different causes. They are need fulfillment, discrepancy, value attainment, equity, and dispositional/genetic components.

Question 15

______ is defined as the degree to which one is cognitively preoccupied with, engaged in, and concerned with one's present job.
A)Continuance commitment
B)Job satisfaction
C)Job involvement
D)Organizational socialization
E)Onboarding

Accepted Answer

Job involvement is defined as "the degree to which one is cognitively preoccupied with, engaged in, and concerned with one's present job." This work attitude manifests itself through the extent to which people are immersed in their job tasks.

Question 16

The _____ model implies that stable individual differences are just as important in explaining job satisfaction as are characteristics of the work environment.
A)need fulfillment
B)discrepancies
C)value attainment
D)equity
E)dispositional/genetic component

Accepted Answer

The dispositional/genetic component model implies that stable individual differences are just as important in explaining job satisfaction as are characteristics of the work environment.

Question 17

Employees' identification with a particular organization tends to increase their:
A)calculative commitment.
B)cognitive dissonance.
C)continuance commitment.
D)affective commitment.
E)normative commitment.

Accepted Answer

Affective commitment refers to the employee's emotional attachment to, identification with and involvement in the organization. Employees with a strong affective commitment continue employment with an organization because they want to do so.

Question 18

_____ is an affective or emotional response toward various facets of one's job.
A)Organizational commitment
B)Job satisfaction
C)Job involvement
D)Emotional labor
E)Emotional dissonance

Accepted Answer

Job satisfaction essentially reflects the extent to which an individual likes his or her job. Job satisfaction is an affective or emotional response toward various facets of one's job.

Question 19

The idea underlying _____ is that satisfaction results from the perception that a job allows for fulfillment of an individual's important work values.
A)need fulfillment
B)discrepancies
C)value attainment
D)equity
E)dispositional/Genetic component

Accepted Answer

The idea underlying value attainment is that satisfaction results from the perception that a job allows for fulfillment of an individual's important work values.

Question 20

Janice creates advertising slogans for the advertising firm that she works with. She works with beliefs, perceptions, and informal obligations about what she is entitled to receive in return for what she provides to the organization. These beliefs of Janis represent a(n) _____.
A)high level of emotional labor
B)employment contract
C)high normative commitment
D)high affective commitment
E)psychological contract

Accepted Answer

In a work environment, the psychological contract represents an employee's beliefs about what he or she is entitled to receive in return for what he or she provides to the organization.

Quiz 6: Values, Attitudes, Job Satisfaction, and Counter-Productive Work Behaviors

_____ refers to an awareness of the costs associated with leaving the organization.

Wealthy Healthy Inc. applies an employee stock ownership plan. This is an attempt to:

Which of the following is a contextual characteristic that influences employee engagement?

Which of the following is a personal characteristic that influences employee engagement?

Which of the following is influenced by psychological contracts?

In the ____ model of job satisfaction, satisfaction results from one's perception that work outcomes, relative to inputs, compare favorably with a significant other's outcomes/inputs.

Offering a variety of progressive benefits and human resource programs to employees is a way to foster the _____ component of organizational commitment.

Discrepancy models of job satisfaction propose that job satisfaction increases as:

_____ reflects a feeling of obligation to continue employment.

Which of the following tends to result in increased continuance commitment?

Which of the following occurs when organizations give financial incentives to prevent dissatisfied employees from quitting?

Fulfilling one's needs, attaining important values, and being treated fairly at work are causes of _____.

______ is defined as the degree to which one is cognitively preoccupied with, engaged in, and concerned with one's present job.

The _____ model implies that stable individual differences are just as important in explaining job satisfaction as are characteristics of the work environment.

Employees' identification with a particular organization tends to increase their:

_____ is an affective or emotional response toward various facets of one's job.

The idea underlying _____ is that satisfaction results from the perception that a job allows for fulfillment of an individual's important work values.

Janice creates advertising slogans for the advertising firm that she works with. She works with beliefs, perceptions, and informal obligations about what she is entitled to receive in return for what she provides to the organization. These beliefs of Janis represent a(n) _____.