Question 1

Crediting your own successes to dispositional factors and others' successes to factors in the environment are aspects of

Accepted Answer

This is an example of the fundamental attribution error, which refers to the tendency to overemphasize dispositional or internal factors when explaining other people's behavior and to underemphasize external or environmental factors. It is a common cognitive bias in social psychology.

Question 2

The most commonly cited developmental challenge mentioned by managers,which while adding to personal pressure,also contributed to professional growth are

Accepted Answer

Tasks which involve the possibility of success and failure often require managers to step out of their comfort zone and take risks. This can be personally challenging but also offers the opportunity for professional growth and learning. Travel requirements, meeting deadlines, and longer work hours can also be challenging, but may not necessarily lead to as much professional growth.

Question 3

_____ consist of descriptions of various leadership situations and are used as a vehicle for leadership discussions

Accepted Answer

Case studies are specifically designed to present real-life leadership scenarios that are used for discussion, analysis, and decision-making. They allow individuals and groups to examine different approaches and decisions made by various leaders in business, politics, or other fields. Simulations, role-playing, and games may also be used for leadership development, but they are distinct from case studies in terms of their format and purpose.

Question 4

The process by which an older and more experienced person helps to socialize and encourage younger organizational colleagues is called

Accepted Answer

Mentoring is the process by which an older and more experienced person helps to socialize and encourage younger organizational colleagues. Evaluating refers to the process of assessing or appraising something or someone. Consulting refers to seeking expert advice or guidance. Networking refers to the process of interacting with other people to exchange information or develop contacts, especially to further one's career.

Question 5

What is the advantage of role playing as a leadership concept?

Accepted Answer

Role playing allows individuals to act out scenarios in a simulated environment, providing them with hands-on experience that can be transferred to real-life situations. This makes role playing a more effective leadership concept because it has greater transferability to the workplace, enabling individuals to develop and hone their leadership skills in a safe, non-threatening environment. While options A, B, and C can also be advantages of role playing, they are not as significant as the benefit of greater transferability to the workplace.

Question 6

The tendency to make external attributions for one's own failures,yet make internal attributions for one's successes is called

Accepted Answer

This phenomenon is known as self-serving bias. People tend to attribute their failures to external factors, such as bad luck or difficult circumstances, while attributing their successes to internal factors, such as personal ability or effort. This bias helps protect our self-esteem and maintain a positive self-image.

Question 7

How are mentorees benefited in a mentoring relationship?

Accepted Answer

Mentorees benefit in a mentoring relationship by gaining an influential ally who can support and guide them in their career growth. Mentors can also help their mentorees learn about the subtler aspects of organizational ethics, which can be invaluable knowledge for professional success.

Question 8

A situation in which one's expectations or predictions help determine the very results predicted is referred to as

Accepted Answer

A self-fulfilling prophecy occurs when an individual's beliefs or expectations about a situation influence their behavior in a way that ultimately brings about the predicted outcomes. This can occur in a variety of contexts, such as in interpersonal relationships, educational settings, and even sports. Essentially, the individual's expectations become a self-fulfilling prophecy because their actions are guided by those expectations, creating a feedback loop in which the expected outcome becomes more likely to occur. The other answer choices (A, B, and D) are not accurate descriptions of this phenomenon.

Question 9

Confronting one's beliefs,inviting others to challenge you and working on personal blind spots are aspects of the process of

Accepted Answer

Double-loop learning is a process where individuals critically evaluate their beliefs and assumptions, invite others to challenge those beliefs, and work on personal blind spots. This type of learning involves questioning underlying assumptions and values, considering alternative perspectives, and reflecting on the outcomes of actions taken. In contrast, single-loop learning involves making incremental adjustments to existing behaviors or strategies without questioning underlying assumptions or considering alternative perspectives. Attribution and self-fulfilling prophecy are related to cognitive biases and are not directly related to the process of critical self-reflection and learning.

Question 10

In perception,the process of assigning underlying causes to behaviors is known as

Accepted Answer

The process of assigning underlying causes to behaviors is known as attribution.

Question 11

What is seen as an investment that can help change counterproductive behavior,often interpersonal,that threatens to derail an otherwise valued manager?

Accepted Answer

Executive coaching is seen as an investment that can help change counterproductive behavior of a manager. Executive coaches work one-on-one with the manager to identify the problem behavior, develop strategies to change it, and provide ongoing support and feedback to help the manager improve. This can be particularly effective in addressing interpersonal issues that may be causing friction or conflict in the workplace. Mentoring, team building, and change management may also be useful tools in addressing counterproductive behavior, but executive coaching is generally seen as the most targeted and personalized solution.

Question 12

People who become leaders in any field tend to first stand out by virtue of their

Accepted Answer

Technical proficiency is often the initial factor that allows individuals to stand out and be recognized in their field, leading to leadership opportunities.

Question 13

Which of the following statements concerning the reflection component of the AOR model is false?

Accepted Answer

While reflection is an important component of the AOR model, not all leaders may be fully aware of its value in leadership development.

Question 14

Successful executives mention all of the following as negative feelings while describing how they feel while working through potent developmental experiences except feeling:

Accepted Answer

Successful executives would not mention feeling "challenged" as a negative feeling while working through potent developmental experiences as they see it as an opportunity for growth and development. They may, however, mention feeling uncertain, overwhelmed, and fearful.

Question 15

People who are observing an action are much more likely than the actor to make the fundamental attribution error.This is called

Accepted Answer

The actor/observer difference refers to the tendency for people observing an action to make the fundamental attribution error, while the actor themselves tend to make situational attributions for their own actions. Stereotyping and ultimate attribution error are not directly related to this phenomenon, and therefore are not the best choices.

Question 16

What describes a kind of learning between the individual and the environment in which learners seek relatively little feedback that may significantly confront their fundamental ideas or actions?

Accepted Answer

Single-loop learning is a type of learning in which individuals seek relatively little feedback that may challenge their basic beliefs or actions. It involves adjusting and improving current strategies, without fundamentally questioning the underlying assumptions or values. In contrast, double-loop learning (choice B) involves reflecting on and questioning the underlying assumptions, values, and goals that guide behavior. Deutero-learning (choice A) refers to learning about how to learn, or learning to learn. Triple-loop learning (choice C) is a more advanced form of double-loop learning that involves not only questioning assumptions and values but also examining the social and systemic factors that shape those assumptions and values.

Question 17

In an organization,one can gain valuable perspectives and insights through close association with an experienced person willing to take one under his/her wing.Such an individual is often called a

Accepted Answer

A mentor is someone who takes a less experienced person under their guidance and shares their knowledge, skills, and experience to help the mentee grow and achieve their goals. They provide advice, support, and encouragement to help the mentee develop professionally and personally. A mentor is different from a supervisor, who is responsible for managing the day-to-day work of their employees, and a facilitator, who leads group discussions or activities to achieve specific goals. A mentor is also different from a role model, who might inspire someone through their behavior and achievements, but not necessarily provide direct guidance and support.

Question 18

Mastering _____ can be thought of as learning how to learn.

Accepted Answer

Double-loop learning is the process of not only learning from experience but also being able to reflect on the underlying assumptions and values that shape one's behaviors and decisions. This kind of learning is essential to improving one's ability to learn and adapt to new situations, making it the best choice for the statement presented. Single-loop learning focuses only on correcting errors or mistakes, while deutero-learning and triple-loop learning are similar concepts that build on double-loop learning but are more complex and less applicable in this context.

Question 19

The content of leadership programs at the university-level

Accepted Answer

The content of leadership programs at the university-level typically provides a survey of the major leadership findings, such as different leadership theories and approaches, historical examples of successful leaders, and current trends in leadership practices. While some programs may touch on feedback and training strategies, and strategic planning, these are not typically the exclusive focus.

Question 20

In the process of "learning to learn from experience",people operating in the stabilizing period must

Accepted Answer

During the stabilizing period, individuals must overcome the caution that comes from ongoing success to continue learning and adapting.

Quiz 3: Leadership Is Developed Through Education and Experience