Question 1

Most multivitamins should be taken with a meal for which reason?

Accepted Answer

Fat soluble vitamins, such as vitamins A, D, E, and K, require dietary fat for proper absorption. Taking these vitamins with a meal that contains some fat can improve their absorption and utilization by the body. Water soluble vitamins, on the other hand, are more easily absorbed and don't necessarily require food to enhance their bioavailability.

Question 2

Unlike humans,cows emit up to 200 L of methane (CH₄)through belching each day.Which of the following explains this difference?

Accepted Answer

Cows have a unique digestive system that includes a four-chambered stomach, with the first chamber being the rumen. The rumen is a fermentation chamber where microbes break down plant material, producing a large amount of methane gas. This gas is then belched out by the cow, leading to the high emission rate of methane. The other options (A, B, C, and D) are all common features of mammalian digestive systems and do not explain the difference in methane emissions between cows and humans.

Question 3

Antacids would be effective in which part of the digestive system?

Accepted Answer

Antacids, such as Tums or Rolaids, are designed to neutralize stomach acid and would therefore be effective in the stomach. They are commonly used to relieve heartburn, indigestion, and acid reflux symptoms in this part of the digestive system.

Question 4

Crohn's disease can affect any area of the GI tract,from the mouth to the anus,but it most commonly affects the lower part of the small intestine called the ____.

Accepted Answer

Crohn's disease most commonly affects the ileum, which is the lower part of the small intestine. While it can affect any area of the GI tract, the ileum is the site of the disease in approximately 2/3 of cases.

Question 5

When people with celiac disease eat foods or use products containing gluten,their immune system responds by damaging or destroying villi.Which of the following symptoms would a person with celiac disease have?

Accepted Answer

Celiac disease damages the villi in the small intestine, which are responsible for absorbing nutrients. Therefore, a person with celiac disease would experience decreased absorption of nutrients. Choices A, B, C, and E are not associated with celiac disease.

Question 6

If a person has their gall bladder removed they are typically put on a low fat diet.Which of the following would explain this recommendation?

Accepted Answer

The gallbladder stores bile, which is released into the small intestine following a meal to help digest fats. If the gallbladder is removed, bile cannot be released into the small intestine and this can make it difficult for the body to digest fat properly, leading to diarrhea and other digestive problems. Therefore, a low fat diet is typically recommended to reduce the amount of fat that needs to be digested.

Question 7

A person with pancreatitis would be predicted to have which of the following symptoms?

Accepted Answer

Pancreatitis affects the pancreas, leading to decreased production of both insulin (due to damage to the insulin-producing beta cells) and digestive enzymes (due to damage to the exocrine tissue).

Question 8

Botulism is caused by an infection with Clostridium botulinum.The bacteria release botulism toxin which prevents the release of acetylcholine at neuromuscular junctions.Which of the following would be inhibited in the gut of a person with botulism?

Accepted Answer

Botulism toxin prevents the release of acetylcholine, which is necessary for muscle contraction, including the muscles used for peristalsis. As a result, peristalsis will be inhibited, leading to symptoms such as constipation and difficulty swallowing. Blood circulation, lymphatic circulation, absorption of food, and absorption of water are not specifically affected by botulism toxin.

Question 9

Each epithelial cell on the villi of the small intestine contains 500 microvilli.What is the purpose of these microvilli?

Accepted Answer

The purpose of microvilli is to increase the surface area for food absorption. This allows for more efficient absorption of nutrients from food in the small intestine.

Question 10

It is estimated that more than 30 million Americans have gallstones,80% of which are cholesterol stones.Which of the following could explain the presence of cholesterol in gallstones?

Accepted Answer

Cholesterol in bile is normally kept dissolved by bile salts, but when there is an excessive amount of cholesterol, bile salts may not be able to keep it in solution and it may crystallize to form gallstones. This occurs when cholesterol levels exceed the capacity of bile acids to solubilize them.

Question 11

Bile acid sequestrants are drugs that bind to bile acids in the intestines and prevent their normal reabsorption in the large intestine.How would bile acid sequestrants lower a patient's blood cholesterol level?

Accepted Answer

Bile acids can then be broken down,lowering cholesterol.Please see section 28.6 for more information.

Question 12

Soap is made by oxidizing fats.Bile acids are produced in the body by oxidizing cholesterol.Which of the following is a role of bile acids?

Accepted Answer

Bile acids help emulsify fats in the digestive system, allowing for easier absorption and digestion.

Question 13

In Western countries up to 10% of the population develops gastric ulcers,many due to Helicobacter pylori.One adaptation this bacteria has is to secrete urease which produces the base ammonia from urea.How would this contribute to Helicobacter pylori causing ulcers?

Accepted Answer

Ammonia would neutralize stomach acids, which would allow Helicobacter pylori to grow and colonize the stomach lining, leading to the development of ulcers. This adaptation helps the bacteria to survive and thrive in the harsh acidic environment of the stomach.

Question 14

Smelling food causes a hungry person to salivate.Which of the following begins to be digested in saliva?

Accepted Answer

Carbohydrates begin to be digested in saliva with the help of an enzyme called amylase. Amylase breaks down complex carbohydrates into simpler sugars, which can then be absorbed by the body for energy. Proteins are not digested until they reach the stomach, where they are broken down by stomach acid and enzymes. Fats and nucleic acids are not digested in saliva.

Question 15

Acid reflux would occur under which of the following conditions?

Accepted Answer

Acid reflux, also known as gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), occurs when stomach acid and contents back up into the esophagus. Therefore, the correct option is D, where stomach contents leak into the esophagus.

Question 16

A person suffering from lactose intolerance cannot break down the disaccharide lactose.Where would lactose be found in a person with lactose intolerance,but not in a lactose tolerant person?

Accepted Answer

Lactose intolerant individuals cannot break down lactose in the small intestine, so lactose passes through to the large intestine where it is fermented by bacteria, causing symptoms such as bloating and diarrhea. In lactose tolerant individuals, lactose is broken down in the small intestine and the resulting glucose and galactose are absorbed into the bloodstream. Lactose is not typically found in the mouth or stomach, regardless of lactose intolerance.

Question 17

Beano is a product containing an enzyme that breaks down complex carbohydrates in beans and other vegetables,thereby reducing gas production when these foods are eaten.Why would humans need to take Beano to avoid gas?

Accepted Answer

When complex carbohydrates are not broken down in the small intestine, they travel to the colon where bacteria break them down and produce gas as a byproduct. Taking Beano before eating these foods can help prevent this.

Question 18

Cows emit up to 200 L of methane (CH₄)through belching each day.The methane is produced by bacteria in their gut breaking down cellulose.The fact that cows belch methane and not carbon dioxide (CO₂)suggests which of the following is occurring?

Accepted Answer

The fact that cows are producing methane suggests that anaerobic fermentation is occurring. This is because methane is a product of anaerobic fermentation, where bacteria break down organic matter without the presence of oxygen. In contrast, aerobic fermentation and respiration both produce carbon dioxide. Therefore, neither option A nor D is correct. Option B (anaerobic respiration) is also incorrect, as this process requires an electron acceptor other than oxygen, such as nitrate or sulfate, and does not produce methane as a byproduct.

Question 19

Botulism is caused by an infection with Clostridium botulinum.The bacteria release botulism toxin which prevents the release of acetylcholine at neuromuscular junctions.What advantage would the bacteria gain by secreting the toxin?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Botulism is caused by an infection with...

Question 20

A person suffering from lactose intolerance cannot break down the disaccharide lactose.Why would a person with lactose intolerance have abdominal cramps?

Accepted Answer

A person with lactose intolerance cannot break down lactose, as they lack the enzyme lactase, which is responsible for breaking down lactose into simpler sugars. When lactose stays undigested in the intestines, it becomes food for bacteria present in the gut. These bacteria break down lactose, producing various gases, including carbon dioxide gas, which causes abdominal cramps and discomfort.

Quiz 31: Digestion and Animal Nutrition

Most multivitamins should be taken with a meal for which reason?

Unlike humans,cows emit up to 200 L of methane (CH₄) through belching each day.Which of the following explains this difference?

Antacids would be effective in which part of the digestive system?

Crohn's disease can affect any area of the GI tract,from the mouth to the anus,but it most commonly affects the lower part of the small intestine called the ____.

When people with celiac disease eat foods or use products containing gluten,their immune system responds by damaging or destroying villi.Which of the following symptoms would a person with celiac disease have?

If a person has their gall bladder removed they are typically put on a low fat diet.Which of the following would explain this recommendation?

A person with pancreatitis would be predicted to have which of the following symptoms?

Botulism is caused by an infection with Clostridium botulinum.The bacteria release botulism toxin which prevents the release of acetylcholine at neuromuscular junctions.Which of the following would be inhibited in the gut of a person with botulism?

Each epithelial cell on the villi of the small intestine contains 500 microvilli.What is the purpose of these microvilli?

It is estimated that more than 30 million Americans have gallstones,80% of which are cholesterol stones.Which of the following could explain the presence of cholesterol in gallstones?

Bile acid sequestrants are drugs that bind to bile acids in the intestines and prevent their normal reabsorption in the large intestine.How would bile acid sequestrants lower a patient's blood cholesterol level?

Soap is made by oxidizing fats.Bile acids are produced in the body by oxidizing cholesterol.Which of the following is a role of bile acids?

In Western countries up to 10% of the population develops gastric ulcers,many due to Helicobacter pylori.One adaptation this bacteria has is to secrete urease which produces the base ammonia from urea.How would this contribute to Helicobacter pylori causing ulcers?

Smelling food causes a hungry person to salivate.Which of the following begins to be digested in saliva?

Acid reflux would occur under which of the following conditions?

A person suffering from lactose intolerance cannot break down the disaccharide lactose.Where would lactose be found in a person with lactose intolerance,but not in a lactose tolerant person?

Beano is a product containing an enzyme that breaks down complex carbohydrates in beans and other vegetables,thereby reducing gas production when these foods are eaten.Why would humans need to take Beano to avoid gas?

Cows emit up to 200 L of methane (CH₄) through belching each day.The methane is produced by bacteria in their gut breaking down cellulose.The fact that cows belch methane and not carbon dioxide (CO₂) suggests which of the following is occurring?

Botulism is caused by an infection with Clostridium botulinum.The bacteria release botulism toxin which prevents the release of acetylcholine at neuromuscular junctions.What advantage would the bacteria gain by secreting the toxin?

A person suffering from lactose intolerance cannot break down the disaccharide lactose.Why would a person with lactose intolerance have abdominal cramps?

Quiz 31: Digestion and Animal Nutrition

Most multivitamins should be taken with a meal for which reason?

Unlike humans,cows emit up to 200 L of methane (CH4) through belching each day.Which of the following explains this difference?

Antacids would be effective in which part of the digestive system?

Crohn's disease can affect any area of the GI tract,from the mouth to the anus,but it most commonly affects the lower part of the small intestine called the ____.

When people with celiac disease eat foods or use products containing gluten,their immune system responds by damaging or destroying villi.Which of the following symptoms would a person with celiac disease have?

If a person has their gall bladder removed they are typically put on a low fat diet.Which of the following would explain this recommendation?

A person with pancreatitis would be predicted to have which of the following symptoms?

Botulism is caused by an infection with Clostridium botulinum.The bacteria release botulism toxin which prevents the release of acetylcholine at neuromuscular junctions.Which of the following would be inhibited in the gut of a person with botulism?

Each epithelial cell on the villi of the small intestine contains 500 microvilli.What is the purpose of these microvilli?

It is estimated that more than 30 million Americans have gallstones,80% of which are cholesterol stones.Which of the following could explain the presence of cholesterol in gallstones?

Bile acid sequestrants are drugs that bind to bile acids in the intestines and prevent their normal reabsorption in the large intestine.How would bile acid sequestrants lower a patient's blood cholesterol level?

Soap is made by oxidizing fats.Bile acids are produced in the body by oxidizing cholesterol.Which of the following is a role of bile acids?

In Western countries up to 10% of the population develops gastric ulcers,many due to Helicobacter pylori.One adaptation this bacteria has is to secrete urease which produces the base ammonia from urea.How would this contribute to Helicobacter pylori causing ulcers?

Smelling food causes a hungry person to salivate.Which of the following begins to be digested in saliva?

Acid reflux would occur under which of the following conditions?

A person suffering from lactose intolerance cannot break down the disaccharide lactose.Where would lactose be found in a person with lactose intolerance,but not in a lactose tolerant person?

Beano is a product containing an enzyme that breaks down complex carbohydrates in beans and other vegetables,thereby reducing gas production when these foods are eaten.Why would humans need to take Beano to avoid gas?

Cows emit up to 200 L of methane (CH4) through belching each day.The methane is produced by bacteria in their gut breaking down cellulose.The fact that cows belch methane and not carbon dioxide (CO2) suggests which of the following is occurring?

Botulism is caused by an infection with Clostridium botulinum.The bacteria release botulism toxin which prevents the release of acetylcholine at neuromuscular junctions.What advantage would the bacteria gain by secreting the toxin?

A person suffering from lactose intolerance cannot break down the disaccharide lactose.Why would a person with lactose intolerance have abdominal cramps?

Unlike humans,cows emit up to 200 L of methane (CH₄) through belching each day.Which of the following explains this difference?

Cows emit up to 200 L of methane (CH₄) through belching each day.The methane is produced by bacteria in their gut breaking down cellulose.The fact that cows belch methane and not carbon dioxide (CO₂) suggests which of the following is occurring?