Question 1

A whole blood cell transfusion would be used to treat which of the following?

Accepted Answer

A whole blood cell transfusion is used to treat anemia, which is a condition characterized by a deficiency of red blood cells or hemoglobin in the blood. The other options (arrhythmia, aneurysm, heart attack due to atherosclerosis, and tachycardia) are not treated with whole blood cell transfusions.

Question 2

Which chamber of the heart becomes enlarged in a person with atherosclerosis?

Accepted Answer

Atherosclerosis is a condition characterized by the buildup of plaque in the arteries, which can make them narrower and less flexible. This can cause increased pressure and workload on the heart, leading to enlargement of the left ventricle over time.

Question 3

Which is the correct order for the time required to replace each blood component from shortest to longest?

Accepted Answer

Plasma is replaced the fastest, followed by platelets, and red blood cells take the longest to replace.

Question 4

Why would exercise help your blood circulation in your legs?

Accepted Answer

Exercise helps blood circulation in the legs because muscle contractions during exercise squeeze blood through the veins, and an increased heart rate pushes more blood into the legs.

Question 5

A dual-chamber pacemaker is surgically placed in a patient's chest.Wires then carry pulses to the right atrium and the right ventricle.Why would the pulses be carried to the right chambers of the heart and not the left chambers?

Accepted Answer

The electrical impulse generated in the right chambers will naturally propagate to the left chambers through the heart's conduction system, ensuring coordinated contraction.

Question 6

A clumping reaction caused by antibodies in the blood plasma is:

Accepted Answer

Agglutination is the clumping of cells or particles, which can be caused by antibodies in the blood plasma. This reaction is commonly used in blood typing, where antibodies are mixed with a patient's blood sample to determine their blood type. Clotting (A) refers to the formation of a solid mass in the blood, which is important for stopping bleeding but can also lead to health problems if excessive. Constriction (C) refers to the narrowing of a blood vessel or airway, which can lead to reduced blood flow or restricted breathing. Atherosclerosis (D) is a type of narrowing of the arteries due to buildup of plaque, which can lead to heart attack or stroke. Inflammation (E) is a complex biological response to injury or infection, characterized by redness, swelling, heat, and pain.

Question 7

When taking a person's blood pressure,after proper inflation of the cuff,the first pulse sound that is heard through the stethoscope indicates that blood is flowing through the artery past the cuff.The reading on the pressure gauge at this point represents:

Accepted Answer

The first pulse sound heard through the stethoscope indicates the onset of blood flow as the pressure in the cuff is released. This reading on the pressure gauge represents the systolic pressure, which is the peak pressure in the arteries during ventricular contraction.

Question 8

Which of the following is not a major part of the lymph system?

Accepted Answer

The pancreas is not a major part of the lymph system. The lymph system includes the lymphatic vessels, lymph nodes, tonsils, spleen, thymus, bone marrow, and lymphoid tissues in various organs.

Question 9

If blood pressure is too low,the brain __________ heart rate and causes blood vessels to _________.

Accepted Answer

When blood pressure is too low, the brain increases heart rate and causes blood vessels to constrict to raise blood pressure.

Question 10

If blood pressure is too high,the brain _________ heart rate and causes blood vessels to _________.

Accepted Answer

When blood pressure is too high, the brain decreases heart rate and causes blood vessels to dilate to lower the blood pressure.

Question 11

A dual-chamber pacemaker is surgically placed in a patient's chest.Wires then carry pulses to the right atrium and the right ventricle.How would the pulses be directed from the pacemaker to the heart?

Accepted Answer

A dual-chamber pacemaker sends pulses first to the atrium and then to the ventricle, mimicking the natural electrical system of the heart. This allows for synchronization of the two chambers and more efficient heart function. Therefore, the atrium would be stimulated first and then the ventricle.

Question 12

When taking a person's blood pressure,after proper inflation of the cuff and after hearing appropriate pulse sound through the stethoscope,the reading on the pressure gauge at the disappearance of this sound represents:

Accepted Answer

At the disappearance of the pulse sound through the stethoscope, the reading on the pressure gauge represents the diastolic pressure, which is the pressure exerted on the arteries when the heart is at rest between beats.

Question 13

The organ of the lymph system in which specialized white blood cells called T cells learn to distinguish body cells from foreign cells is the:

Accepted Answer

The Thymus is the organ of the lymph system in which specialized white blood cells called T cells learn to distinguish body cells from foreign cells.

Question 14

The protein found in red blood cells that transports oxygen is:

Accepted Answer

Hemoglobin is specifically responsible for transporting oxygen in red blood cells. Myoglobin is found in muscles and also binds oxygen, but it does not transport it like hemoglobin does. Actin and myosin are both involved in muscle contraction, while fibrinogen is a clotting protein.

Question 15

Birds and mammals are endotherms,meaning they spend enormous amounts of energy maintaining a constant body temperature.To meet these energy needs,birds and mammals independently evolved four-chambered hearts,completing the separation of oxygen-rich from oxygen-depleted blood.How would this maximize the amount of oxygen reaching tissues?

Accepted Answer

By completing the separation of oxygen-rich from oxygen-depleted blood, the four-chambered heart ensures that oxygenated blood is pumped directly to the tissues that require it. This maximizes the amount of oxygen that diffuses from the blood into the tissues, ensuring that the endotherm's high energy needs are met.

Question 16

Which drugs would be prescribed to a person who is at risk of forming a blood clot?

Accepted Answer

Aspirin is a common drug prescribed to individuals at risk of forming a blood clot due to its ability to prevent platelet aggregation and decrease the risk of clot formation. Other drugs, such as anticoagulants and antiplatelet agents may also be prescribed depending on the specific risk factors and medical history of the individual. However, the other choices listed (A, C, D, and E) are not typically prescribed for preventing blood clots.

Question 17

A defibrillator contains two paddles that are placed on the chest of a person and an electrical shock is administered.What is this procedure treating?

Accepted Answer

The procedure being described is the use of a defibrillator to deliver an electrical shock to the chest in order to treat an arrhythmia, specifically ventricular fibrillation or pulseless ventricular tachycardia. The shock helps reset the heart's electrical activity and restore a regular heartbeat. Aneurysm and anemia are not treated with a defibrillator. A heart attack due to atherosclerosis may cause an arrhythmia that could be treated with a defibrillator, but it is not the direct cause of the arrhythmia. Tachycardia refers to a rapid heartbeat and may be a component of the arrhythmia being treated, but the actual cause is an abnormal heart rhythm.

Question 18

Which drugs would be prescribed to a person who has high blood pressure?

Accepted Answer

Beta-blockers and diuretics are commonly prescribed together to lower blood pressure. Beta-blockers reduce heart rate and block the effects of adrenaline, reducing the workload on the heart. Diuretics help the body eliminate excess salt and water, reducing the volume in blood vessels and lowering blood pressure. Aspirin is not typically prescribed for high blood pressure, and may only be recommended for those at a high risk of heart attack or stroke.

Question 19

Why could you donate plasma twice a week?

Accepted Answer

Plasma consists of proteins and fluid, which can be quickly replaced by the body. Therefore, it is safe to donate plasma twice a week as long as the donor meets the eligibility criteria. However, it is important to note that donation frequency may vary depending on the blood center's policies and regulations.

Question 20

Why would this chamber become enlarged in a person with atherosclerosis?

Accepted Answer

In atherosclerosis, the left ventricle of the heart may become enlarged because it has to work harder to pump blood through narrowed arteries throughout the body, leading to increased pressure and workload on the heart.

Quiz 29: The Circulatory System