Motivating Employees Is More Challenging Today Than Two Decades Ago

Motivating employees is more challenging today than two decades ago because:

A) employers have difficulty understanding the different needs and expectations that younger generation employees bring to the workplace.
B) there are more layers of management today, which makes it more difficult to motivate everyone in management positions.
C) corporate downsizing and reduced job security have damaged the levels of trust employees need to work beyond minimum levels.
D) all of the above.
E) 'A' and 'C' only.