Question 1

Exhibit 12-1 Suppose a researcher investigated the judgments of guilt made by jurors in response to attractiveness (attractive vs unattractive)and facial expression (neutral vs smiling).
Refer to Exhibit 12-1.The dependent variable is
A) Attractiveness
B) Facial Expression
C) Guilty Verdict
D) The jurors

Accepted Answer

The dependent variable in this study is the guilty verdict, as it is the outcome variable that is being measured and affected by both the independent variables of attractiveness and facial expression. Attractiveness and facial expression are independent variables, and the jurors are not the dependent variable, but rather the participants in the study.

Question 2

Exhibit 12-2 The following information is used for the next 7 items
A researcher performs an experiment and gets the following results
 Refer to Exhibit 12-2.In order to tell if there is a main effect of B,you need to consider the
A) row means
B) column means
C) cell means
D) printout of the statistics

Accepted Answer

A

Question 3

There is an interaction if
A) there is no main effect of either Variable A or Variable B
B) the effect of Variable A depends on whether there is a main effect of Variable B
C) there is a main effect of both Variable A and Variable B
D) the effect of Variable A depends on the level of B

Accepted Answer

An interaction occurs when the relationship between Variable A and the outcome variable depends on the level of Variable B. This means that the effect of Variable A is different at different levels of Variable B. Therefore, the best choice is D, as it accurately describes the conditions necessary for an interaction to occur. Choices A and C are incorrect, as a main effect of either Variable A or Variable B does not necessarily indicate the presence or absence of an interaction. Choice B is partially correct, but it is incomplete, as it only describes a specific case where the effect of Variable A depends on the main effect of Variable B, rather than its level.

Question 4

Exhibit 12-2 The following information is used for the next 7 items
A researcher performs an experiment and gets the following results
 Refer to Exhibit 12-2.Is there a main effect of B?
A) yes
B) no
C) can't tell
D) It depends on which level of A you consider

Accepted Answer

Since there is a significant main effect of B, we can conclude that there is a difference in the outcome based on the level of B, regardless of the level of A.

Question 5

Factorial designs involve
A) factor analysis
B) all combinations of at least two levels of at least two independent variables
C) three or more independent variables
D) three or more dependent variables

Accepted Answer

Factorial designs involve manipulating and varying at least two independent variables, each with multiple levels, and examining their combined effect on one or more dependent variables. Therefore, B is the correct choice as it describes the essential characteristic of factorial designs. The other choices are not correct as they either describe different statistical techniques or do not accurately capture the defining characteristics of factorial designs.

Question 6

A major advantage of a two-factor analysis of variance over a one-factor analysis of variance is that
A) power is often increased
B) the denominator of the F-test is increased
C) interaction between factors can be identified
D) both a and c

Accepted Answer

A two-factor analysis of variance allows for the identification of interaction between factors, which can increase the power of the analysis. Therefore, both options A and C are correct.

Question 7

Exhibit 12-3 Suppose a researcher measured the test scores of college students who were taught chemistry in the presence of one type of music (country,rock,or classical)in one of three different colored classrooms (red,green,or blue).
Refer to Exhibit 12-3.If a factorial design were used,what are the two independent variables?
A) music and classroom color
B) music and grade level
C) test scores and music
D) classroom color and test scores

Accepted Answer

The independent variables are the factors being manipulated in the study, and in this case they are the type of music played and the color of the classroom. Test scores are the dependent variable being measured. Grade level is not mentioned as a factor in the study.

Question 8

Exhibit 12-2 The following information is used for the next 7 items
A researcher performs an experiment and gets the following results
 Refer to Exhibit 12-2.This represents a ____ design
A) multiple condition
B) Latin square
C) posttest-pretest
D) factorial

Accepted Answer

The results indicate a factorial design, as there are multiple independent variables being manipulated.

Question 9

Exhibit 12-1 Suppose a researcher investigated the judgments of guilt made by jurors in response to attractiveness (attractive vs unattractive)and facial expression (neutral vs smiling).
Refer to Exhibit 12-1.The design can be described as a
A) 2 x 3
B) 3 x 3
C) 3 x 2
D) 2 x 2

Accepted Answer

The design involves two levels of one independent variable (attractiveness) and two levels of another independent variable (facial expression), resulting in a 2 x 2 design. The other options (2 x 3 and 3 x 3) involve more levels of one or both independent variables, which is not applicable in this scenario. The 3 x 2 design involves three levels of one independent variable, which is also not applicable here.

Question 10

Exhibit 12-1 Suppose a researcher investigated the judgments of guilt made by jurors in response to attractiveness (attractive vs unattractive)and facial expression (neutral vs smiling).
Refer to Exhibit 12-1.Suppose your results indicated a main effect for attractiveness as your only significant finding.This would mean that
A) Attractiveness alone was responsible for juror guilt decisions
B) Facial expression alone was responsible for juror guilt decisions
C) Both attractiveness and facial expression was responsible for juror guilt decisions
D) Nothing; You can never believe main effects in a factorial experiment

Accepted Answer

A main effect for attractiveness indicates that attractiveness alone had a significant impact on the juror guilt decisions, while facial expression did not play a significant role.

Question 11

Exhibit 12-2 The following information is used for the next 7 items
A researcher performs an experiment and gets the following results
 Refer to Exhibit 12-2.Is there a main effect of A?
A) yes
B) no
C) can't tell
D) It depends on which level of B you consider

Accepted Answer

The answer of Exhibit 12-2 The following information is used...

Question 12

Exhibit 12-2 The following information is used for the next 7 items
A researcher performs an experiment and gets the following results
 Refer to Exhibit 12-2.Is there an interaction?
A) yes
B) no
C) can't tell
D) It depends on whether you are talking about Variable A or Variable B

Accepted Answer

The question asks whether there is an interaction, which means that the effect of one variable depends on the level of the other variable. Without further information about the specific variables in this experiment, it's impossible to say what the nature of the interaction might be or which variable is influencing the other, but the presence of an interaction suggests that the variables are not acting independently of each other. Therefore, the best choice is A (yes, there is an interaction).

Question 13

Which one of the following is not a good reason to employ a factorial design? To
A) save time by investigating more than one variable
B) rule out more than one rival hypothesis
C) determine the correlation between two or more variables
D) investigate a possible interaction between two or more independent variables

Accepted Answer

Factorial designs are useful for investigating the interaction effects of multiple independent variables on a dependent variable. They are not primarily designed for determining correlations between variables. Correlation studies tend to involve the measurement of one or more dependent variables in relation to one or more independent variables, without manipulating the independent variables as factorial designs require.

Question 14

When two variables interact
A) the effect of one variable depends on the level of the other
B) the main effect cannot be interpreted without discussing the interaction
C) the effect of one variable does not depend on the level of the other
D) both a and b

Accepted Answer

When two variables interact, the effect of one variable depends on the level of the other (choice A) and the main effect cannot be interpreted without discussing the interaction (choice B). Therefore, both options A and B are correct, making D the best choice.

Question 15

Exhibit 12-1 Suppose a researcher investigated the judgments of guilt made by jurors in response to attractiveness (attractive vs unattractive)and facial expression (neutral vs smiling).
Refer to Exhibit 12-1.If a two-factorial design were used,what are the two independent variables?
A) Guilty verdicts and attractiveness
B) Guilty verdicts and facial expression
C) Attractiveness and facial expression
D) Attractiveness and attitude

Accepted Answer

The two independent variables are attractiveness and facial expression. The study investigates the effect of these two factors on jurors' judgments of guilt. The other options mentioned in the question, such as guilty verdicts and attitude, are not independent variables in this study but rather outcomes or potential covariates.

Question 16

Exhibit 12-2 The following information is used for the next 7 items
A researcher performs an experiment and gets the following results
 Refer to Exhibit 12-2.In order to tell if there is an interaction,you need to consider the
A) row means
B) column means
C) cell means
D) printout of the statistics

Accepted Answer

To determine if there is an interaction, we need to consider the cell means which provide information about the effects of both the row and column factors together. The row and column means only provide information about the main effects of each factor separately, and the printout of statistics may provide information about the significance of any effects found, but not necessarily about the presence of an interaction.

Question 17

Factorial designs are used mainly to
A) control for statistical regression
B) collect data that can be entered into a factor analysis
C) test for the interaction of several variables in the same experiment
D) all of these

Accepted Answer

Factorial designs are used to test for the interaction of several variables in the same experiment. This means that researchers can examine how different variables, or factors, interact with each other to influence an outcome. Factorial designs can also help control for statistical regression and collect data for factor analysis, but their primary purpose is to examine interactions between variables.

Question 18

In a study of preference for four different clothing styles,each participant is asked to evaluate all four styles in a reverse counterbalanced order.What type of design does this study represent?
A) one-variable within-subjects design
B) one-variable between subjects design
C) between-subjects factorial design
D) mixed factorial design

Accepted Answer

This study represents a one-variable within-subjects design because each participant is exposed to all four clothing styles and the order in which they evaluate them is reversed.

Question 19

Which one of the following statements is always true when an interaction exists between the variables in a factorial design?
A) the effect of one independent variable depends, to some extent, on which level of the second variable is considered
B) One independent variable has an effect regardless of the level of a second variable
C) there is as least one significant main effect
D) all of these

Accepted Answer

An interaction in a factorial design means that the effect of one independent variable on the dependent variable changes depending on the level of the other independent variable. This implies that the influence of one variable is not consistent across all levels of the other variable, which is what option A describes.

Question 20

Exhibit 12-2 The following information is used for the next 7 items
A researcher performs an experiment and gets the following results
 Refer to Exhibit 12-2.In order to tell if there is a main effect of A,you need to consider the
A) row means
B) column means
C) cell means
D) printout of the statistics

Accepted Answer

The answer of Exhibit 12-2 The following information is used...

Quiz 12: True Experiments, part 2: Factorial Designs

Exhibit 12-1 Suppose a researcher investigated the judgments of guilt made by jurors in response to attractiveness (attractive vs unattractive) and facial expression (neutral vs smiling) . Refer to Exhibit 12-1.The dependent variable is

Exhibit 12-2 The following information is used for the next 7 items A researcher performs an experiment and gets the following results Refer to Exhibit 12-2.In order to tell if there is a main effect of B,you need to consider the

There is an interaction if

Exhibit 12-2 The following information is used for the next 7 items A researcher performs an experiment and gets the following results Refer to Exhibit 12-2.Is there a main effect of B?

Factorial designs involve

A major advantage of a two-factor analysis of variance over a one-factor analysis of variance is that

Exhibit 12-2 The following information is used for the next 7 items A researcher performs an experiment and gets the following results Refer to Exhibit 12-2.This represents a ____ design

Exhibit 12-1 Suppose a researcher investigated the judgments of guilt made by jurors in response to attractiveness (attractive vs unattractive) and facial expression (neutral vs smiling) . Refer to Exhibit 12-1.The design can be described as a

Exhibit 12-2 The following information is used for the next 7 items A researcher performs an experiment and gets the following results Refer to Exhibit 12-2.Is there a main effect of A?

Exhibit 12-2 The following information is used for the next 7 items A researcher performs an experiment and gets the following results Refer to Exhibit 12-2.Is there an interaction?

Which one of the following is not a good reason to employ a factorial design? To

When two variables interact

Exhibit 12-1 Suppose a researcher investigated the judgments of guilt made by jurors in response to attractiveness (attractive vs unattractive) and facial expression (neutral vs smiling) . Refer to Exhibit 12-1.If a two-factorial design were used,what are the two independent variables?

Exhibit 12-2 The following information is used for the next 7 items A researcher performs an experiment and gets the following results Refer to Exhibit 12-2.In order to tell if there is an interaction,you need to consider the

Factorial designs are used mainly to

In a study of preference for four different clothing styles,each participant is asked to evaluate all four styles in a reverse counterbalanced order.What type of design does this study represent?

Which one of the following statements is always true when an interaction exists between the variables in a factorial design?

Exhibit 12-2 The following information is used for the next 7 items A researcher performs an experiment and gets the following results Refer to Exhibit 12-2.In order to tell if there is a main effect of A,you need to consider the