Question 1

If babies play longer with green fuzzy toys than yellow fuzzy toys,green smooth toys,or yellow smooth toys,then
A) You have a main effect of fuzziness
B) You have a main effect of color
C) You have an interaction between color and fuzziness
D) Fuzziness is a confounding variable and the results can't be believed

Accepted Answer

The experiment has manipulated both color and fuzziness, so it is possible that the two variables interact with each other in influencing the babies' playing behavior. A main effect of color or fuzziness would suggest that one variable has a consistent effect across levels of the other variable, which is not supported by the information given in the question. Fuzziness is not a confounding variable because it is intentionally varied in the experiment.

Question 2

If a factorial design is conducted in which each subject experiences each condition at least once,then it is a
A) between subjects design
B) within subjects design
C) mixed design
D) all of these

Accepted Answer

A design in which each subject experiences each condition at least once is a within-subjects design, also known as a repeated-measures design.

Question 3

Is it possible to have an interaction when there are no main effects in a factorial design?
A) Yes
B) No
C) Can't tell
D) Only if the factorial design does not contain a quasi-experimental variable.

Accepted Answer

Yes, it is possible to have an interaction when there are no main effects in a factorial design. This occurs when the effects of one independent variable on the dependent variable differ depending on the level of the other independent variable.

Question 4

A factorial design that has at least one within-subject variable and one between-group variable is called a(n):
A) Quasi-experimental design
B) Mixed design
C) Single subject design
D) Interrupted time series design

Accepted Answer

A factorial design that has both a within-subject variable and a between-group variable is called a mixed design. This type of design allows for the examination of both within-subject and between-group effects, making it a powerful tool in experimental research. Quasi-experimental designs, single subject designs, and interrupted time series designs do not necessarily have both a within-subject and between-group variable, and therefore do not fit the description of a mixed design.

Question 5

How many conditions are in a 3 x 3 x 3 factorial experiment?
A) 3
B) 6
C) 9
D) 12

Accepted Answer

A 3 x 3 x 3 factorial experiment has 3 factors, each with 3 levels. The number of conditions is the product of the number of levels for each factor, which is 3 x 3 x 3 = 27.

Question 6

If neither Variable A nor Variable B has a main effect you can have
A) no interaction
B) a ceiling effect interaction
C) an antagonistic interaction
D) a synergistic interaction

Accepted Answer

The answer of If neither Variable A nor Variable B...

Question 7

An interaction in which two independent variables tend to reverse each other's effects is referred to as a(n)
A) synergistic interaction
B) antagonistic interaction
C) ceiling effect interaction
D) both a and c

Accepted Answer

An antagonistic interaction is when two independent variables tend to reverse each other's effects, meaning that their combined effect is weaker than the effect of each variable by itself. Choice A, synergistic interaction, refers to an interaction in which the combined effect of two variables is greater than the sum of their individual effects. Choice C, ceiling effect interaction, refers to a situation in which an independent variable has reached its maximum effect and thus the addition of another independent variable will not have any additional effect. Choice D is incorrect as it includes both A and C, which are not interchangeable.

Question 8

If babies play longer with both blue and red fuzzy toys (as opposed to both blue and red smooth toys),then
A) You have a main effect of fuzziness
B) You have a main effect of color
C) You have an interaction between color and fuzziness
D) Fuzziness is a confounding variable and the results can't be believed

Accepted Answer

The main effect of fuzziness is observed because the babies play longer with fuzzy toys regardless of the color, indicating that the texture (fuzziness) is influencing their playtime.

Question 9

Bower,Gilligan,and Monterio (1981)hypothesized that people would notice and remember events in stories that were consistent with their mood.Participants were put into either a happy or a sad mood.All participants then read two stories,one of which was happy and one of which was sad.What was the design of the experiment?
A) one variable within-subjects
B) one variable between-subjects
C) mixed factorial design
D) within-subjects factorial design

Accepted Answer

This experiment is a mixed factorial design because it involves both within-subjects and between-subjects variables. The mood of the participants (happy or sad) is a between-subjects variable, as different participants are assigned to each mood condition. The type of story read (happy or sad) is a within-subjects variable, as all participants read both types of stories.

Question 10

Exhibit 12-3 Suppose a researcher measured the test scores of college students who were taught chemistry in the presence of one type of music (country,rock,or classical)in one of three different colored classrooms (red,green,or blue).
Refer to Exhibit 12-3.The dependent variable is
A) chemistry test scores
B) classroom color
C) music
D) attitude toward school

Accepted Answer

The dependent variable is the variable being measured and analyzed in the study. In this case, the test scores of college students who were taught chemistry are being measured, making chemistry test scores the dependent variable.

Question 11

If one variable has a smaller effect when paired with higher levels of a second variable,you have a(n)
A) synergistic interaction
B) antagonistic interaction
C) ceiling effect interaction
D) main effect

Accepted Answer

The answer of If one variable has a smaller effect...

Question 12

In a single experiment,amount of reward and type of reward are simultaneously varied.Subjects are randomly assigned to one of three amount-of-reward conditions.Each subject is tested once with one type of reward and once with a second type of reward.What type of design does this study represent?
A) one variable within-subjects
B) one variable between-subjects
C) mixed factorial
D) within-subjects factorial design

Accepted Answer

This is a mixed factorial design because it involves both within-subjects (type of reward) and between-subjects (amount of reward) factors. Each subject experiences both types of reward, but is only assigned to one of three conditions for the amount of reward.

Question 13

With a synergistic interaction,
A) higher levels of one independent variable increases the effect of another independent variable
B) higher levels of one independent variable decrease another independent variable
C) there is a main effect of one independent variable but not the other
D) None of these are true. You can't interpret a synergistic interaction without knowing which independent variable you are talking about

Accepted Answer

With a synergistic interaction, higher levels of one independent variable increases the effect of another independent variable.

Question 14

Barnes,Ickes,and Kidd (1979)studied whether or not students would lend their notes to a classmate by varying the intentionality of the needy student (unintentional vs attentional)and the stability of their request (always vs sometimes).Participants received one request from one needy student.What was the design of the experiment?
A) between-subjects factorial design
B) within-subjects factorial design
C) one variable within-subjects
D) one variable between-subjects

Accepted Answer

The experiment varied two independent variables, intentionality of the needy student (unintentional vs attentional) and the stability of their request (always vs sometimes), resulting in a 2x2 between-subjects factorial design. Each participant only received one request from one needy student, indicating that it was not a within-subjects design. There was also more than one independent variable, thus ruling out a one-variable design.

Question 15

Exhibit 12-3 Suppose a researcher measured the test scores of college students who were taught chemistry in the presence of one type of music (country,rock,or classical)in one of three different colored classrooms (red,green,or blue).
Refer to Exhibit 12-3.The design can be described as a
A) 3 x 3
B) 2 x 3
C) 3 x 2
D) 2 x 2

Accepted Answer

The design is a 3 x 3 factorial design because there are two independent variables: type of music (3 levels: country, rock, classical) and color of classroom (3 levels: red, green, blue).

Question 16

Which one of the following is not a type of interaction?
A) main effect
B) ceiling effect
C) antagonistic
D) synergistic

Accepted Answer

Main effect is a type of statistical analysis that examines the presence of an effect of one independent variable on a dependent variable, regardless of the influence of any other independent variables or interactions. The other options, ceiling effect, antagonistic, and synergistic, all refer to different types of interactions between independent variables.

Question 17

An advertiser is interested in the effects of color and size of containers on people's tendency to buy a certain brand of cereal.He prepares containers consisting of all combinations of color with size and asks each of a group of subjects which of the containers they would be most and least likely to buy.What type of design does this study represent?
A) one-variable within-subjects
B) between-subjects factorial
C) within-subjects factorial
D) mixed factorial

Accepted Answer

This study represents a within-subjects factorial design because it manipulates two independent variables (color and size) within each subject. Each subject is asked to choose the container they would be most and least likely to buy for each combination of color and size, making it a within-subjects design. There is no manipulation of different groups of subjects or conditions, so it is not a between-subjects design. It is also not a one-variable within-subjects design because it involves manipulation of two independent variables. It is not a mixed factorial design because there is no manipulation of both within-subjects and between-subjects independent variables.

Question 18

The results of a 2 x 2 experiment will fit one of ____ possible patterns
A) 2
B) 4
C) 6
D) 8

Accepted Answer

In a 2 x 2 experiment, there are 8 possible patterns for the results. This is because each of the two factors can either have an effect or not, and there can be an interaction effect between them or not, leading to 2^3 = 8 possible outcomes.

Question 19

The integration of taste (sweet vs salty)and smell (fish vs orange)was investigated in cats.Each cat received one taste-smell combination and was then given a preference test.The design of this experiment is:
A) Between subjects
B) Within subjects
C) Mixed
D) Quasi-experimental

Accepted Answer

The design is between subjects because each cat received only one taste-smell combination, meaning different groups of cats were exposed to different conditions, rather than the same subjects being exposed to all conditions.

Question 20

Factorial designs can be conducted
A) between subjects
B) within subjects
C) mixed
D) all of these

Accepted Answer

Factorial designs can be conducted between subjects, within subjects, or mixed, depending on the research question and design needs. Therefore, all of these options are valid choices for factorial designs.

Quiz 12: True Experiments, part 2: Factorial Designs

If babies play longer with green fuzzy toys than yellow fuzzy toys,green smooth toys,or yellow smooth toys,then

If a factorial design is conducted in which each subject experiences each condition at least once,then it is a

Is it possible to have an interaction when there are no main effects in a factorial design?

A factorial design that has at least one within-subject variable and one between-group variable is called a(n) :

How many conditions are in a 3 x 3 x 3 factorial experiment?

If neither Variable A nor Variable B has a main effect you can have

An interaction in which two independent variables tend to reverse each other's effects is referred to as a(n)

If babies play longer with both blue and red fuzzy toys (as opposed to both blue and red smooth toys) ,then

Exhibit 12-3 Suppose a researcher measured the test scores of college students who were taught chemistry in the presence of one type of music (country,rock,or classical) in one of three different colored classrooms (red,green,or blue) . Refer to Exhibit 12-3.The dependent variable is

If one variable has a smaller effect when paired with higher levels of a second variable,you have a(n)

In a single experiment,amount of reward and type of reward are simultaneously varied.Subjects are randomly assigned to one of three amount-of-reward conditions.Each subject is tested once with one type of reward and once with a second type of reward.What type of design does this study represent?

With a synergistic interaction,

Exhibit 12-3 Suppose a researcher measured the test scores of college students who were taught chemistry in the presence of one type of music (country,rock,or classical) in one of three different colored classrooms (red,green,or blue) . Refer to Exhibit 12-3.The design can be described as a

Which one of the following is not a type of interaction?

The results of a 2 x 2 experiment will fit one of ____ possible patterns

The integration of taste (sweet vs salty) and smell (fish vs orange) was investigated in cats.Each cat received one taste-smell combination and was then given a preference test.The design of this experiment is:

Factorial designs can be conducted