Question 1

When Fran says that she is a young adult,a Newfoundlander,a member of the pep squad,and a vegetarian,she is describing her
A)self-esteem.
B)self-reflection.
C)self-recognition.
D)self-understanding.

Accepted Answer

Fran is describing aspects of herself, which shows that she has a level of self-understanding.

Question 2

Adolescents are more likely than children to describe themselves with
A)concrete examples.
B)nonidealistic examples.
C)abstract and idealistic labels.
D)None of these.

Accepted Answer

Adolescents are more likely to define themselves using abstract and idealistic labels as they start reflecting more on their own thoughts, emotions, and values. They are also more concerned about how they are perceived by others and try to present themselves in a positive light. Concrete and nonidealistic examples are more typical of children who are still developing their sense of self.

Question 3

The self-descriptions provided by children and adolescents in Montemayor and Eisen's (1977)classic study reflect our efforts to understand ourselves and to develop a(n)
A)image.
B)lifestyle.
C)personality.
D)identity.

Accepted Answer

The self-descriptions provided by children and adolescents in Montemayor and Eisen's classic study reflect their efforts to develop an identity, which is the sense of who they are and what makes them unique as individuals. While image, lifestyle, and personality are all related to self-concept, they do not encompass the complex process of identity development.

Question 4

Concerning self-understanding,early childhood is to middle childhood as
A)internal is to external.
B)physical is to psychological.
C)inactive is to active.
D)abstract is to concrete.

Accepted Answer

In early childhood, the focus is more on physical development and self-awareness of one's body. In middle childhood, however, the focus shifts towards psychological development and self-awareness of one's thoughts, feelings, and behaviors. Therefore, option B is the best choice as it highlights the difference between physical and psychological aspects in both stages of childhood development.

Question 5

What individuals might become,what they would like to become,and what they are afraid of becoming is referred to as the ________ self.
A)possible
B)integration
C)barometric
D)fluctuating

Accepted Answer

The term "possible self" refers to the individuals' ideas about who they might become, what they would like to become, and what they are afraid of becoming.

Question 6

One afternoon while finger painting,2-year-old Chelsey itches her nose.Later in the day while passing a mirror she sees herself,stops,and wipes a colorful smudge mark off her nose.In doing so,Chelsey has demonstrated visual
A)connectedness.
B)self-recognition.
C)diffusion.
D)ethnocentrism.

Accepted Answer

Chelsey wiping the smudge mark off her nose after seeing herself in the mirror demonstrates self-recognition, which is a key developmental milestone in early childhood.

Question 7

Seven-year-old Abbey's reference to herself as Jewish and a Brownie scout provides an example of the ______________ aspect of self,which emerges in the elementary years.
A)cognitive
B)personal
C)social
D)recognition

Accepted Answer

The social aspect of self refers to the individual's awareness and understanding of their social identities and roles, including their membership in various social groups (such as religion or scouting). Abbey's reference to being Jewish and a Brownie scout demonstrates her recognition and understanding of these social aspects of herself.

Question 8

Given the contradictory nature of the self in adolescence,it is not surprising that the self fluctuates across
A)situations.
B)times.
C)situations and times.
D)neither situations nor times.

Accepted Answer

Adolescence is a period of significant self-discovery and development. The self-concept can be particularly fluctuant during this time, as young people navigate the conflicts and contradictions inherent in their emerging identities. As a result, the self may vary depending on the situation or context, or over time, as the adolescent gains more experience and perspective. Therefore, the best choice is C.

Question 9

Social comparisons can be said to
A)be common in preschoolers.
B)alter self-understanding by forcing a child to consider her abilities in relation to others.
C)lead to a decrease in self-esteem.
D)typically result in identity diffusion.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Social comparisons can be said to
A)be common...

Question 10

A person's cognitive representation of self is referred to as the individual's
A)self-esteem.
B)self-orientation
C)self-recognition.
D)self-understanding.

Accepted Answer

A person's cognitive representation of self is their self-understanding, which includes their beliefs, attitudes, and perceptions about themselves. Self-esteem is a component of self-understanding, but it is not the same thing as self-understanding. Self-orientation and self-recognition are not commonly used terms in the context of self-psychology.

Question 11

An infant's mother puts a dot of lipstick on his nose.Observers watch to see how often the infant touches his nose.Next,the infant is placed in front of a mirror,and observers detect whether nose touching increases.They are studying the infant's
A)self-awareness.
B)visual self-recognition.
C)representation of the self.
D)theory of the self.

Accepted Answer

The study is testing for visual self-recognition, as observing whether the infant recognizes the dot of lipstick on their own nose in the mirror and subsequently touches their nose more frequently would indicate that they understand the reflection is of themselves.

Question 12

The adolescent's self is characterized by
A)instability across situations.
B)the lack of construction of a more unified theory of self.
C)Both of these answers are correct.
D)Neither of these answers is correct.

Accepted Answer

Both options A and B are correct. Adolescents are in a process of constructing their sense of self, which can lead to instability across different situations until a more unified theory of self is developed.

Question 13

In early childhood,children usually conceive of the self in ________ terms.
A)physical
B)psychological
C)passive
D)active

Accepted Answer

In early childhood, children usually conceive of the self in physical terms, meaning they see themselves as a physical body with attributes such as height, weight, and hair color. They may also see themselves in relation to other physical objects, such as toys or pets. This is because they are still developing their sense of self and have limited understanding of complex psychological concepts.

Question 14

When describing the basic characteristics of a typical 14-year-old's self,which term would a psychologist be least likely to use?
A)fluctuating
B)concrete
C)differentiated
D)contradictory

Accepted Answer

A typical 14-year-old's self is constantly fluctuating, differentiated, and contradictory. However, they are not necessarily limited to concrete thinking, as they are often capable of abstract thinking and reasoning.

Question 15

When adolescents are asked to describe themselves,they are more likely than children to
A)give short answers.
B)use abstract labels.
C)use idealistic labels.
D)use both abstract and idealistic labels.

Accepted Answer

Adolescents have developed cognitive abilities that allow them to think more abstractly and idealistically. Therefore, they are more likely to use both abstract and idealistic labels when describing themselves.

Question 16

____________________________ is a central component of the self in early childhood.An example of this is when children describe themselves in terms of activities.
A)Self-development
B)Active dimension
C)Active development
D)Self-awareness

Accepted Answer

The answer of ____________________________ is a central component of the...

Question 17

The mirror technique is used to test infants'
A)self-awareness.
B)perspective taking.
C)visual self-recognition.
D)self-esteem.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The mirror technique is used to test...

Question 18

George understands that he is a student,a brother,a hockey player,and a baseball player.This representation of his self reflects
A)self-esteem.
B)self-awareness.
C)self-recognition.
D)self-understanding.

Accepted Answer

George's understanding of himself as a student, brother, hockey player, and baseball player shows that he has self-understanding, or an awareness of his own abilities, interests, and roles he plays in various contexts. Self-esteem, on the other hand, refers to an overall positive or negative evaluation of oneself, which is not necessarily reflected in the specific roles one identifies with. Self-awareness and self-recognition are related concepts, but they do not fully capture the complexity of George's understanding of himself in different domains of his life.

Question 19

During eighth grade,Matt joins the debate team,the football team,and the Young Republicans,and is named a hall monitor.These activities will increase his
A)self-esteem.
B)self-concept.
C)self-recognition.
D)self-understanding.

Accepted Answer

The answer of During eighth grade,Matt joins the debate team,the...

Question 20

If Bill and Kate's son has just acquired the ability to recognize himself,how old is he?
A)3-months old
B)8-months old
C)10-months old
D)18-months old.

Accepted Answer

The ability to recognize oneself in a mirror is known as the mirror test and typically occurs around 18 months old. Therefore, the best choice is D, 18-months old.

Quiz 11: The Self and Identity

When Fran says that she is a young adult,a Newfoundlander,a member of the pep squad,and a vegetarian,she is describing her

Adolescents are more likely than children to describe themselves with

The self-descriptions provided by children and adolescents in Montemayor and Eisen's (1977) classic study reflect our efforts to understand ourselves and to develop a(n)

Concerning self-understanding,early childhood is to middle childhood as

What individuals might become,what they would like to become,and what they are afraid of becoming is referred to as the ________ self.

One afternoon while finger painting,2-year-old Chelsey itches her nose.Later in the day while passing a mirror she sees herself,stops,and wipes a colorful smudge mark off her nose.In doing so,Chelsey has demonstrated visual

Seven-year-old Abbey's reference to herself as Jewish and a Brownie scout provides an example of the ______________ aspect of self,which emerges in the elementary years.

Given the contradictory nature of the self in adolescence,it is not surprising that the self fluctuates across

Social comparisons can be said to

A person's cognitive representation of self is referred to as the individual's

An infant's mother puts a dot of lipstick on his nose.Observers watch to see how often the infant touches his nose.Next,the infant is placed in front of a mirror,and observers detect whether nose touching increases.They are studying the infant's

The adolescent's self is characterized by

In early childhood,children usually conceive of the self in ________ terms.

When describing the basic characteristics of a typical 14-year-old's self,which term would a psychologist be least likely to use?

When adolescents are asked to describe themselves,they are more likely than children to

____________________________ is a central component of the self in early childhood.An example of this is when children describe themselves in terms of activities.

The mirror technique is used to test infants'

George understands that he is a student,a brother,a hockey player,and a baseball player.This representation of his self reflects

During eighth grade,Matt joins the debate team,the football team,and the Young Republicans,and is named a hall monitor.These activities will increase his

If Bill and Kate's son has just acquired the ability to recognize himself,how old is he?