Question 1

Increasingly, individual rewards are an accepted norm in countries across the globe.

Accepted Answer

In some countries, personnel who do outstanding work are given individual rewards in the form of bonuses and commissions. In others, cultural norms require group rewards, and individual rewards are frowned on.

Question 2

The word "culture" comes form the Latin cultural, which is related to cult or worship.

Accepted Answer

The word "culture" does indeed come from the Latin "culturalis," which is derived from "cultura," meaning "cultivation" or "growing," and carries connotations of caring for and honoring something. The word "cult," meaning a religious or quasi-religious group, also has its roots in the Latin "cultus," which shares the same origin as "culture."

Question 3

Cultures with a high masculinity index tend to favor earnings, advancement and challenge.

Accepted Answer

According to Hofstede's cultural dimensions theory, cultures with a high masculinity index prioritize values such as competitiveness, achievement, and material success. This often translates to a preference for high-paying jobs, career advancement, and opportunities for challenge and personal growth.

Question 4

According to the text, the most masculine country is Germany.

Accepted Answer

The text does not provide information or discuss which country is the most masculine.

Question 5

Culture is acquired knowledge that people use to interpret experience and generate social behavior.

Accepted Answer

Culture is defined as the acquired knowledge and behavior of a specific group of people or society. It is used to interpret experiences and generate social behavior. Therefore, the statement is true.

Question 6

Countries with low uncertainty-avoidance cultures have a great deal of structuring of organizational activities, more written rules, less risk-taking by managers, lower labor turnover and less ambitious employees.

Accepted Answer

Countries with high-uncertainty-avoidance cultures have a great deal of structuring of organizational activities, more written rules, less risk taking by managers, lower labor turnover, and less ambitious employees.

Question 7

A major dimension in the study of culture is values.

Accepted Answer

Values play a significant role in shaping an individual's behavior, attitudes, and beliefs, and hence are important in the study of culture.

Question 8

An achievement culture is a culture in which status is attributed based on who or what a person is.

Accepted Answer

An achievement culture is a culture in which status is attributed based on what a person does or accomplishes, not who they are.

Question 9

United Kingdom is considered a high-neutral culture.

Accepted Answer

The United Kingdom is considered a high-neutral culture, meaning that individuals value equality, fairness, and modesty in their interactions with others. They tend to avoid conflict and emphasize compromise and cooperation in resolving disagreements.

Question 10

The characteristic transgenerational means that culture has structure and is integrated; a change in one part will bring changes in another.

Accepted Answer

The characteristic transgenerational means that culture is cumulative, passed down from one generation to the next.

Question 11

According to the text, in Japan, the top cultural priority is independence.

Accepted Answer

The text does not mention independence as the top cultural priority in Japan.

Question 12

Results of the GLOBE project indicate that there are leader behaviors, attributes and organizational practices that are universally accepted and effective across cultures.

Accepted Answer

Examination of the GLOBE project has resulted in an extensive breakdown of how managers behave and how different cultures can yield managers with similar perspectives in some realms, with quite divergent opinions in other sectors.

Question 13

Masculinity is defined by Hofstede as "a situation in which the dominant values in society are success, money and things".

Accepted Answer

This definition of masculinity is indeed provided by Hofstede in his cultural dimensions theory.

Question 14

A specific culture is a culture in which both public and private space are similar in size and individuals guard their public space carefully, because entry into public space affords entry into private space as well.

Accepted Answer

The answer of A specific culture is a culture in...

Question 15

Power distance is "the extent to which less powerful members of institutions and organizations accept that power is distributed unequally".

Accepted Answer

Power distance refers to the level of acceptance of unequal distribution of power within institutions and organizations by those who hold less power.

Question 16

George England found that personal value systems are relatively stable and do not change rapidly.

Accepted Answer

George England's research found that personal value systems tend to be relatively stable and resistant to change, suggesting that they are deeply ingrained in an individual's beliefs and worldview. While certain life experiences or events can influence values over time, they typically do not change rapidly or easily.

Question 17

Geert Hofstede's four dimensions of culture are: power distance, uncertainty avoidance, tolerance for ambiguity and masculinity.

Accepted Answer

Hofstede's four original dimensions of culture are power distance, uncertainty avoidance, individualism vs. collectivism, and masculinity vs. femininity. Tolerance for ambiguity is not one of the original dimensions.

Question 18

In a study of the differences in work values across cultures, it was found that U.S.managers place high value on deference to superiors, on company commitment and on the cautious use of aggressiveness and control.

Accepted Answer

U.S. managers typically value individualism, assertiveness, and direct communication rather than deference to superiors and cautiousness.

Question 19

Although culture is an important variable in understanding international management, it falls well short of affecting how people think and behave.

Accepted Answer

Culture plays a significant role in shaping how people think and behave, especially in a cross-cultural management context. It influences communication styles, decision-making processes, attitudes towards authority, and many other aspects of behavior.

Question 20

Universalism is the belief that ideas and practices can be applied everywhere without modification.

Accepted Answer

Universalism is the belief that ideas and practices can be applied everywhere without modification.

Quiz 4: The Meanings and Dimensions of Culture

Increasingly, individual rewards are an accepted norm in countries across the globe.

The word "culture" comes form the Latin cultural, which is related to cult or worship.

Cultures with a high masculinity index tend to favor earnings, advancement and challenge.

According to the text, the most masculine country is Germany.

Culture is acquired knowledge that people use to interpret experience and generate social behavior.

Countries with low uncertainty-avoidance cultures have a great deal of structuring of organizational activities, more written rules, less risk-taking by managers, lower labor turnover and less ambitious employees.

A major dimension in the study of culture is values.

An achievement culture is a culture in which status is attributed based on who or what a person is.

United Kingdom is considered a high-neutral culture.

The characteristic transgenerational means that culture has structure and is integrated; a change in one part will bring changes in another.

According to the text, in Japan, the top cultural priority is independence.

Results of the GLOBE project indicate that there are leader behaviors, attributes and organizational practices that are universally accepted and effective across cultures.

Masculinity is defined by Hofstede as "a situation in which the dominant values in society are success, money and things".

A specific culture is a culture in which both public and private space are similar in size and individuals guard their public space carefully, because entry into public space affords entry into private space as well.

Power distance is "the extent to which less powerful members of institutions and organizations accept that power is distributed unequally".

George England found that personal value systems are relatively stable and do not change rapidly.

Geert Hofstede's four dimensions of culture are: power distance, uncertainty avoidance, tolerance for ambiguity and masculinity.

In a study of the differences in work values across cultures, it was found that U.S.managers place high value on deference to superiors, on company commitment and on the cautious use of aggressiveness and control.

Although culture is an important variable in understanding international management, it falls well short of affecting how people think and behave.

Universalism is the belief that ideas and practices can be applied everywhere without modification.