Question 1

True or false.Personalized nutrition involves making dietary choices based on your genetic makeup.

Accepted Answer

Personalized nutrition considers an individual's genetic makeup, lifestyle, and other factors to tailor nutrition recommendations to optimize their health outcomes.

Question 2

True or false.Genetic testing allows an infant born with a genetic mutation affecting nutrient metabolism to be treated with a special diets to ensure proper nutrition.

Accepted Answer

Genetic testing can identify if an infant has a genetic mutation affecting nutrient metabolism and allow for the development of a special diet to ensure the child receives proper nutrition.

Question 3

When Thompson was 5 years of age,he began to complain that his stomach hurt,especially after eating meals and snacks.He also experienced chronic diarrhea.His parents noticed that he could eat poultry,meat,dairy foods,fruits,and vegetables without developing any intestinal problems,but he would get a "tummy ache" soon after eating sandwiches,cookies,crackers,or pancakes.Based on this information,Thompson's parents should have him evaluated for _____________.

Accepted Answer

Thompson's symptoms are consistent with celiac disease, which is a condition where the body cannot tolerate gluten, a protein found in wheat, rye, and barley. This would explain why he has problems after eating sandwiches, cookies, crackers, or pancakes, which all contain gluten. Colon cancer and cystic fibrosis are not typically associated with these symptoms, and irritable bowel syndrome typically causes more varied symptoms beyond just stomach pains and diarrhea after eating certain foods.

Question 4

Which of the following grains does NOT contain gluten?

Accepted Answer

Millet is a gluten-free grain, while rye, graham flour, and semolina flour all contain gluten.

Question 5

Although Jerome and Joseph are the same age,weight and height;Jerome requires more vitamin C than Joseph.This is an example of _____________.

Accepted Answer

Nutrigenetics refers to the study of how an individual's genetic makeup affects their nutritional needs and metabolism. In this case, Jerome and Joseph may have different genetic variants that affect their ability to absorb and utilize vitamin C, leading to different requirements for this nutrient despite their similar characteristics in age, weight, and height.

Question 6

Bryce is an pescavegetarian.Which of the following foods does he refuse to eat?

Accepted Answer

As a pescavegetarian, Bryce does not consume any meat except for fish and seafood. Therefore, he would refuse to eat chicken salad, which contains poultry. Tuna salad and egg salad are also likely to be avoided as they contain animal products, although this may vary depending on the individual's specific dietary restrictions. Fruit salad, on the other hand, would be accepted as it contains only plant-based ingredients.

Question 7

Plant-based diets may not supply enough ____ to meet a child's needs.

Accepted Answer

Plant-based diets may not supply enough protein to meet a child's needs. It's important for children to consume enough protein for healthy growth and development. Vegetarian and vegan parents should ensure their child is getting enough protein from plant-based sources such as beans, nuts, and soy products.

Question 8

You would like to bake a special birthday cake for a friend who has celiac disease.The original cake recipe is made with eggs,flour,milk,sugar,vanilla,and butter.To make a cake that is safe for your friend to consume,you plan to substitute _____ for the ____ in the recipe.

Accepted Answer

Flour contains gluten, which is not safe for individuals with celiac disease. Cornmeal is a gluten-free alternative to flour, making it a suitable substitute in this situation. The other options, aspartame and water, do not provide the same functional properties as sugar or milk, respectively, and margarine contains trace amounts of gluten. Therefore, D) cornmeal; flour is the best choice.

Question 9

Dallas,a healthy,active teenager,was diagnosed with PKU when he was only a few days old.In addition to foods that are manufactured to be low in phenylalanine,which of the following foods can he eat to meet his protein needs safely?

Accepted Answer

Baked potatoes are low in protein and phenylalanine, making them safe for someone with PKU to consume.

Question 10

High intakes of vitamin A during pregnancy can cause birth defects.This is an example of _____________.

Accepted Answer

Nutrigenomics is the study of how nutrients affect gene expression and how genetic variations affect the nutritional environment. High intakes of vitamin A affecting fetal development is an example of how nutrients can influence gene expression and lead to birth defects.

Question 11

You would like to make chicken soup for a friend who has celiac disease.To make the soup according to the recipe,you need to cook chicken,celery,onions,barley,salt,pepper,bay leaf,and carrots in a large amount of water.Based on this information,how can you make the soup safe for your friend to eat?

Accepted Answer

Barley contains gluten, which individuals with celiac disease cannot consume. Therefore, replacing barley with rice, which is gluten-free, would make the soup safe for the friend to eat. The other options (A, C, and D) do not address the issue of gluten in the recipe.

Question 12

The Human Genome Project was established to to identify the amino acids in human protein.

Accepted Answer

The Human Genome Project was established to determine the sequence of nucleotide base pairs that make up human DNA. It was not specifically focused on identifying amino acids in human proteins, although this information can be inferred from the genetic code.

Question 13

The typical vegetarian diet supplies high amounts of _____________.

Accepted Answer

The typical vegetarian diet is high in fruits and vegetables, which are good sources of vitamin C. Vegetarians can be at risk for vitamin B-12 deficiency, but this is not a high amount supplied by the vegetarian diet. A vegetarian diet can also be high in saturated fat if it includes a lot of processed vegetarian foods that are high in added fats. It is naturally low in cholesterol as it does not include any animal products.

Question 14

A person suffering from celiac disease must avoid _____________.

Accepted Answer

People with celiac disease must avoid consuming foods that contain gluten. This is because their immune system reacts negatively to gluten, which damages the lining of their small intestine, causing a range of digestive problems, nutrient deficiencies, and other health issues. Lying down after meals, taking dietary supplements that contain homocysteine, and eating foods that contain phenylalanine are generally not harmful for people with celiac disease unless they have other related health conditions or allergies.

Question 15

Fred is a lactovegetarian.Which of the following foods does he eat?

Accepted Answer

Fred is a lactovegetarian, which means he eats dairy products but not meat or eggs. Cheese is a dairy product, so Fred eats cheese.

Question 16

As a result of the Human Genome Project,scientists discovered that people's food choices can affect their genes' expression.

Accepted Answer

Through the Human Genome Project, scientists were able to discover that people's food choices can influence the activity of certain genes, a field known as nutrigenomics.

Question 17

Cameron was born with a condition that requires him to limit eating foods that contain phenylalanine.Based on this information,Cameron has _____________.

Accepted Answer

Phenylalanine is an amino acid that is restricted in the diet of individuals with Phenylketonuria (PKU), a genetic disorder in which the body cannot properly process phenylalanine, leading to toxicity. Therefore, the correct answer is D) PKU. Amino acid toxicity syndrome, IBD, and cystic fibrosis are not related to limiting phenylalanine in the diet.

Question 18

You would like to bake a special pudding for a friend who has celiac disease.The original pudding recipe is made with eggs,flour,milk,sugar,vanilla,and butter.To make pudding that is safe for your friend to consume,you plan to substitute _____ for the ____ in the recipe.

Accepted Answer

Tapioca can be used as a gluten-free substitute for flour. This will make the pudding safe for your friend with celiac disease. Corn oil can also be substituted for butter, but it is not necessary in this case as the recipe only calls for a small amount of butter. Apple juice or honey cannot be used as a substitute for milk in this recipe.

Quiz 7: Proteins: Amino Acids