Question 1

In the following reaction the unshaded spheres represent H atoms. 
-Identify the Br∅nsted-Lowry acids.

Accepted Answer

The answer of In the following reaction the unshaded spheres...

Question 2

Identify the set of Lewis acids.

Accepted Answer

Lewis acids are electron pair acceptors. In the given sets, only A contains species with empty orbitals that can accept electrons to form a coordinate covalent bond, making them Lewis acids. The other sets contain only species with lone pairs of electrons, which can act as Lewis bases.

Question 3

The compound BF₃ can be described as a(n)________.

Accepted Answer

The compound BF₃ cannot be categorized as an Arrhenius acid or a Brønsted-Lowry acid because there are no protons (H+) involved in the compound. However, it contains boron and sulfur, which are both electron-deficient, making it a Lewis acid.

Question 4

Which one of the following is least able to behave as a Lewis base?

Accepted Answer

The molecule in choice D has a positively charged phosphorus atom, which makes it the least likely to behave as a Lewis base. A Lewis base donates an electron pair, but a positively charged atom is less likely to donate electrons.

Question 5

The following pictures represent aqueous solutions of three acids HA (A = X,Y,or Z);water molecules have been omitted for clarity. 
-Which acid has the lowest percent dissociation?

Accepted Answer

The answer of The following pictures represent aqueous solutions of...

Question 6

What is the strongest acid among the following?

Accepted Answer

The strength of an acid in organic molecules like these is influenced by the ability of the molecule to stabilize the negative charge on the conjugate base after deprotonation. The presence of electronegative elements (like chlorine) that can delocalize this charge through resonance or inductive effects generally increases acid strength. Option D, trichloroacetic acid, has three chlorine atoms that greatly stabilize the negative charge on the conjugate base through their strong inductive effects, making it the strongest acid among the given options.

Question 7

The following pictures represent aqueous solutions of three acids HA (A = X,Y,or Z);water molecules have been omitted for clarity. 
-Which acid,if any,is a strong acid?

Accepted Answer

In the given pictures, HY is the only acid that has not dissociated completely and retains its molecular form, indicating that it is a weak acid. On the other hand, both HX and HZ have fully dissociated into their respective ions, indicating that they are strong acids. Therefore, the correct answer is C) HY.

Question 8

Which one of the following is expected to be the strongest Lewis acid?

Accepted Answer

Among the given options, Fe³⁺ is the strongest Lewis acid because it has the maximum number of positively charged metal ion centers (Fe3+) and the most available vacant d-orbitals to accept an electron pair. Fe²⁺ and Fe⁺ both have fewer positive metal ion centers and fewer vacant d-orbitals, making them weaker Lewis acids. Fe, in its neutral state, is not a Lewis acid as it does not have any vacant orbitals to accept electron pairs.

Question 9

In the following reaction the unshaded spheres represent H atoms. 
-Identify the Br∅nsted-Lowry acid/base conjugate pairs.

Accepted Answer

In the Brønsted-Lowry theory, an acid is a proton (H⁺) donor, and a base is a proton acceptor. Conjugate acid-base pairs differ by a proton. Pair (1)/(3) and (2)/(4) correctly represent acid/base pairs where one species donates a proton to become the other, and vice versa.

Question 10

The following pictures represent aqueous solutions of three acids HA (A = X,Y,or Z);water molecules have been omitted for clarity. -Which acid has the smallest value of K_a?

Accepted Answer

The answer of The following pictures represent aqueous solutions of...

Question 11

Identify the Lewis acid that acts as a reactant in the following reaction. Co(H₂O)₆³⁺(aq)+ 6 NH₃(aq)→ Co(NH₃)₆³⁺(aq)+ 6 H₂O(l)

Accepted Answer

The answer of Identify the Lewis acid that acts as...

Question 12

In the following reaction the unshaded spheres represent H atoms. 
-Identify the Br∅nsted-Lowry acids.

Accepted Answer

The answer of In the following reaction the unshaded spheres...

Question 13

In the following reaction the unshaded spheres represent H atoms. 
-Identify the Br∅nsted-Lowry bases.

Accepted Answer

The answer of In the following reaction the unshaded spheres...

Question 14

In the following reaction the unshaded spheres represent H atoms. 
-Identify the Br∅nsted-Lowry acid/base conjugate pairs.

Accepted Answer

In the given reaction, HCl is donating a proton (H+) and acting as an acid, while H2O is accepting the proton and acting as a base. Therefore, the Br∅nsted-Lowry acid/base conjugate pairs are HCl/H2O and Cl-/H3O+. 
Looking at the options given:
A) (1)/(2)and (3)/(4) - This option pairs HCl with H3O+ and H2O with Cl-. However, H2O is not donating or accepting a proton in the reaction, so it is not a conjugate acid/base pair with HCl/H3O+. Therefore, this option is not correct. 
B) (1)/(3)and (2)/(4) - This option correctly pairs HCl with H2O and Cl- with H3O+. These pairs are conjugate acid/base pairs because HCl is donating a proton to H2O, which becomes H3O+, while Cl- is formed from HCl after losing a proton, and can accept a proton to become HCl again. Therefore, this option is correct. 
C) (1)/(4)and (2)/(3) - This option pairs HCl with Cl- and H2O with H3O+. While these pairs are formed during the reaction, they are not conjugate acid/base pairs because neither HCl nor H2O is accepting or donating a proton to form the pairs. Therefore, this option is not correct.

Question 15

Which one of the following is not considered to be a Lewis base?

Accepted Answer

NH₄⁺ is a Lewis acid, not a Lewis base.

Question 16

What is the strongest acid among the following?

Accepted Answer

The acidity of oxyacids increases with an increase in the number of oxygen atoms attached to the central atom. In this case, HIO is a weak acid compared to the other options. HIO₂ and HIO₃ have 12 and 13 oxygen atoms respectively, making them stronger acids than HIO. However, HIO₄ has 14 oxygen atoms, making it the strongest acid among the given options.

Question 17

For Cu²⁺ and CO₂,which will behave as a Lewis acid toward OH^- in water?

Accepted Answer

Both Cu²⁺ and CO₂ contain metal ions that can act as Lewis acids by accepting a lone pair of electrons from the OH^- molecule in water. Therefore, both compounds will behave as Lewis acids towards OH^- in water.

Question 18

Identify the Lewis acid that acts as a reactant in the following reaction. Fe(H₂O)₆³⁺(aq)+ 6 CN^-(aq)→ Fe(CN)₆^3-(aq)+ 6 H₂O(l)

Accepted Answer

The answer of Identify the Lewis acid that acts as...

Question 19

The following pictures represent aqueous solutions of three acids HA (A = X,Y,or Z);water molecules have been omitted for clarity. 
-Arrange the three acids in order of increasing acid strength.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The following pictures represent aqueous solutions of...

Question 20

In the following reaction the unshaded spheres represent H atoms. 
-Identify the Br∅nsted-Lowry bases.

Accepted Answer

Br∅nsted-Lowry bases are the species that can donate a pair of electrons to form a new covalent bond. In the given reaction, the H atoms that have a lone pair of electrons and can potentially donate them to form a covalent bond are represented by the unshaded spheres. Using this definition, we can see that the Br∅nsted-Lowry bases are (1) and (4), as they have a lone pair of electrons and can donate them to the H2SO4 molecule to form a new covalent bond. Therefore, the best choice is B.

Quiz 14: Aqueous Equilibria: Acids and Bases

In the following reaction the unshaded spheres represent H atoms. -Identify the Br∅nsted-Lowry acids.

Identify the set of Lewis acids.

The compound BF₃ can be described as a(n) ________.

Which one of the following is least able to behave as a Lewis base?

The following pictures represent aqueous solutions of three acids HA (A = X,Y,or Z) ;water molecules have been omitted for clarity. -Which acid has the lowest percent dissociation?

What is the strongest acid among the following?

The following pictures represent aqueous solutions of three acids HA (A = X,Y,or Z) ;water molecules have been omitted for clarity. -Which acid,if any,is a strong acid?

Which one of the following is expected to be the strongest Lewis acid?

In the following reaction the unshaded spheres represent H atoms. -Identify the Br∅nsted-Lowry acid/base conjugate pairs.

The following pictures represent aqueous solutions of three acids HA (A = X,Y,or Z) ;water molecules have been omitted for clarity. -Which acid has the smallest value of K_a?

Identify the Lewis acid that acts as a reactant in the following reaction. Co(H₂O) ₆³⁺(aq) + 6 NH₃(aq) → Co(NH₃) ₆³⁺(aq) + 6 H₂O(l)

In the following reaction the unshaded spheres represent H atoms. -Identify the Br∅nsted-Lowry acids.

In the following reaction the unshaded spheres represent H atoms. -Identify the Br∅nsted-Lowry bases.

In the following reaction the unshaded spheres represent H atoms. -Identify the Br∅nsted-Lowry acid/base conjugate pairs.

Which one of the following is not considered to be a Lewis base?

What is the strongest acid among the following?

For Cu²⁺ and CO₂,which will behave as a Lewis acid toward OH^- in water?

Identify the Lewis acid that acts as a reactant in the following reaction. Fe(H₂O) ₆³⁺(aq) + 6 CN^-(aq) → Fe(CN) ₆^3-(aq) + 6 H₂O(l)

The following pictures represent aqueous solutions of three acids HA (A = X,Y,or Z) ;water molecules have been omitted for clarity. -Arrange the three acids in order of increasing acid strength.

In the following reaction the unshaded spheres represent H atoms. -Identify the Br∅nsted-Lowry bases.

Quiz 14: Aqueous Equilibria: Acids and Bases

In the following reaction the unshaded spheres represent H atoms. -Identify the Br∅nsted-Lowry acids.

Identify the set of Lewis acids.

The compound BF3 can be described as a(n) ________.

Which one of the following is least able to behave as a Lewis base?

The following pictures represent aqueous solutions of three acids HA (A = X,Y,or Z) ;water molecules have been omitted for clarity. -Which acid has the lowest percent dissociation?

What is the strongest acid among the following?

The following pictures represent aqueous solutions of three acids HA (A = X,Y,or Z) ;water molecules have been omitted for clarity. -Which acid,if any,is a strong acid?

Which one of the following is expected to be the strongest Lewis acid?

In the following reaction the unshaded spheres represent H atoms. -Identify the Br∅nsted-Lowry acid/base conjugate pairs.

The following pictures represent aqueous solutions of three acids HA (A = X,Y,or Z) ;water molecules have been omitted for clarity. -Which acid has the smallest value of Ka?

Identify the Lewis acid that acts as a reactant in the following reaction. Co(H2O) 63+(aq) + 6 NH3(aq) → Co(NH3) 63+(aq) + 6 H2O(l)

In the following reaction the unshaded spheres represent H atoms. -Identify the Br∅nsted-Lowry acids.

In the following reaction the unshaded spheres represent H atoms. -Identify the Br∅nsted-Lowry bases.

In the following reaction the unshaded spheres represent H atoms. -Identify the Br∅nsted-Lowry acid/base conjugate pairs.

Which one of the following is not considered to be a Lewis base?

What is the strongest acid among the following?

For Cu2+ and CO2,which will behave as a Lewis acid toward OH- in water?

Identify the Lewis acid that acts as a reactant in the following reaction. Fe(H2O) 63+(aq) + 6 CN-(aq) → Fe(CN) 63-(aq) + 6 H2O(l)

The following pictures represent aqueous solutions of three acids HA (A = X,Y,or Z) ;water molecules have been omitted for clarity. -Arrange the three acids in order of increasing acid strength.

In the following reaction the unshaded spheres represent H atoms. -Identify the Br∅nsted-Lowry bases.

The compound BF₃ can be described as a(n) ________.

The following pictures represent aqueous solutions of three acids HA (A = X,Y,or Z) ;water molecules have been omitted for clarity. -Which acid has the smallest value of K_a?

Identify the Lewis acid that acts as a reactant in the following reaction. Co(H₂O) ₆³⁺(aq) + 6 NH₃(aq) → Co(NH₃) ₆³⁺(aq) + 6 H₂O(l)

For Cu²⁺ and CO₂,which will behave as a Lewis acid toward OH^- in water?

Identify the Lewis acid that acts as a reactant in the following reaction. Fe(H₂O) ₆³⁺(aq) + 6 CN^-(aq) → Fe(CN) ₆^3-(aq) + 6 H₂O(l)