Question 1

A 2-mol ideal gas system undergoes an adiabatic process where it expands and does 20 J of work on its environment.How much heat is received by the system?
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Accepted Answer

In an adiabatic process, no heat is exchanged between the system and its environment. Therefore, the amount of heat received by the system is zero. The work done by the system is 20 J, but this does not mean that 20 J of heat was received.

Question 2

In an isothermal process for an ideal gas system (where the internal energy doesn't change),which of the following choices best corresponds to the value of the work done on the system?

Accepted Answer

In an isothermal process, the internal energy of an ideal gas system remains constant. Therefore, the change in internal energy, ΔU, is zero. Therefore, from the First Law of Thermodynamics, we have:

ΔU = Q - W

Where Q is the heat intake and W is the work done on the system. Since ΔU = 0, we have:

0 = Q - W

Or

W = Q

Therefore, the work done on the system is equal to its heat intake. Since the question asks for the value of the work done on the system, the answer is choice C – the negative of its heat intake.

Question 3

A 2-mol ideal gas system undergoes an adiabatic process where it expands and does 16 J of work on its environment.What is its change in internal energy?
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Accepted Answer

In an adiabatic process, the change in internal energy is equal to the work done on the system. Since the gas does 16 J of work on the environment, the internal energy decreases by 16 J.

Question 4

A system is acted on by its surroundings in such a way that it receives 70 J of heat while simultaneously doing 40 J of work.What is its net change in internal energy?
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Accepted Answer

The net change in internal energy (ΔU) can be calculated using the first law of thermodynamics: ΔU = Q - W, where Q is the heat added to the system and W is the work done by the system. Here, ΔU = 70 J - 40 J = 30 J.

Question 5

A closed 2.0-L container holds 3.0 mol of an ideal gas.If 180 J of heat is added,what is the change in internal energy of the system?
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Accepted Answer

As the container holding the gas is closed, the volume will remain constant. Hence, the work done by or on the gas is zero. Therefore, the change in internal energy of the system is equal to the heat added, which is given as 180 J. Hence, the correct answer is D) 180 J.

Question 6

Area on a P-V diagram has units associated with:

Accepted Answer

The area on a P-V diagram represents work, which has units of energy.

Question 7

In an isobaric process 5 × 10⁴ J of work is done on a quantity of gas while its volume changes from 2.8 m³ to 1.8 m³.What is the pressure during this process?

Accepted Answer

In an isobaric process, work done (W) is given by W = PΔV, where P is pressure and ΔV is the change in volume. Here, W = 5 × 10^4 J and ΔV = 2.8 m^3 - 1.8 m^3 = 1.0 m^3. Solving for P gives P = W/ΔV = 5 × 10^4 J / 1.0 m^3 = 5.0 × 10^4 Pa.

Question 8

The adiabatic index of a gas is given by which of the following?

Accepted Answer

The adiabatic index of a gas is given by the ratio of the specific heat capacity at constant pressure (Cp) to the specific heat capacity at constant volume (Cv), which is represented in option A.

Question 9

In the first law of thermodynamics, 
,W is positive when

Accepted Answer

In the first law of thermodynamics, work (W) is the energy transferred from or to the environment due to a change in volume. When work is done on the system by the environment, the system gains energy and W is positive. Therefore, the best choice is B. Choices A, C, and D are incorrect as they describe situations where the system is doing work on the environment, which would result in negative values for W.

Question 10

A 5-mol ideal gas system undergoes an adiabatic free expansion (a rapid expansion into a vacuum),going from an initial volume of 30 L to a final volume of 50 L.How much work is done on the system during this adiabatic free expansion?
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Accepted Answer

Adiabatic process means no heat is exchanged between the system and surroundings. Since there is no piston work (expansion against external pressure) being done and no heat transfer, the work done on the system is zero. Therefore, the answer is C) zero.

Question 11

According to the first law of thermodynamics,the sum of the heat gained by a system and the work done on that same system is equivalent to which of the following?

Accepted Answer

The first law of thermodynamics states that the change in internal energy of a system is equal to the heat added to the system minus the work done by the system. Therefore, the sum of the heat gained by a system and the work done on that same system is equivalent to the internal energy change.

Question 12

The volume of an ideal gas changes from 0.3 to 0.52 m³ although its pressure remains constant at 58,000 Pa.What work is done on the system by its environment?

Accepted Answer

The work done on the system by its environment is negative because the gas expands. Work done (W) is calculated as W = PΔV = 58,000 Pa * (0.52 m³ - 0.3 m³) = -12,760 J.

Question 13

If an ideal gas does positive work on its surroundings,we may assume,with regard to the gas:

Accepted Answer

The answer of If an ideal gas does positive work...

Question 14

Which of the following increases the internal energy of a solid metal rod?

Accepted Answer

Having the rod absorb heat increases the internal energy of the rod by increasing the kinetic energy of its atoms and molecules.

Question 15

An adiabatic expansion refers to the fact that:

Accepted Answer

In an adiabatic expansion, no heat is transferred between the system and its surroundings. This means that the change in internal energy of the system is due solely to the work done on or by the system. The other options do not necessarily hold true for an adiabatic expansion.

Question 16

A quantity of monatomic ideal gas expands adiabatically from a volume of 2.4 liters to 6.7 liters.If the initial pressure is P₀,what is the final pressure?

Accepted Answer

The answer of A quantity of monatomic ideal gas expands...

Question 17

In an isovolumetric process by an ideal gas,the system's heat gain is equivalent to a change in:

Accepted Answer

In an isovolumetric process, the volume of the system is kept constant. Therefore, there is no work done by the system and no change in volume. The only way for the system to gain heat is by increasing its internal energy, which corresponds to choice D.

Question 18

On a P-V diagram,an ____ process is represented by a horizontal line.

Accepted Answer

An isobaric process represents a constant pressure, which means that the volume can change while the pressure remains the same. This results in a horizontal line on a P-V diagram.

Question 19

During an isobaric process which one of the following does not change?

Accepted Answer

During an isobaric process, the pressure remains constant while volume, temperature and internal energy may change.

Question 20

A 2.0-mol ideal gas system is maintained at a constant volume of 4.0 L.If 100 J of heat is added,what is the work done on the system?
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Accepted Answer

Since the system is maintained at a constant volume, the work done by or on the system is zero. Therefore, the correct answer is A) zero.

Quiz 12: The Laws of Thermodynamics Work in Thermodynamic Processes

A 2-mol ideal gas system undergoes an adiabatic process where it expands and does 20 J of work on its environment.How much heat is received by the system?

In an isothermal process for an ideal gas system (where the internal energy doesn't change) ,which of the following choices best corresponds to the value of the work done on the system?

A 2-mol ideal gas system undergoes an adiabatic process where it expands and does 16 J of work on its environment.What is its change in internal energy?

A system is acted on by its surroundings in such a way that it receives 70 J of heat while simultaneously doing 40 J of work.What is its net change in internal energy?

A closed 2.0-L container holds 3.0 mol of an ideal gas.If 180 J of heat is added,what is the change in internal energy of the system?

Area on a P-V diagram has units associated with:

In an isobaric process 5 × 10⁴ J of work is done on a quantity of gas while its volume changes from 2.8 m³ to 1.8 m³.What is the pressure during this process?

The adiabatic index of a gas is given by which of the following?

In the first law of thermodynamics, ,W is positive when

A 5-mol ideal gas system undergoes an adiabatic free expansion (a rapid expansion into a vacuum) ,going from an initial volume of 30 L to a final volume of 50 L.How much work is done on the system during this adiabatic free expansion?

According to the first law of thermodynamics,the sum of the heat gained by a system and the work done on that same system is equivalent to which of the following?

The volume of an ideal gas changes from 0.3 to 0.52 m³ although its pressure remains constant at 58,000 Pa.What work is done on the system by its environment?

If an ideal gas does positive work on its surroundings,we may assume,with regard to the gas:

Which of the following increases the internal energy of a solid metal rod?

An adiabatic expansion refers to the fact that:

A quantity of monatomic ideal gas expands adiabatically from a volume of 2.4 liters to 6.7 liters.If the initial pressure is P₀,what is the final pressure?

In an isovolumetric process by an ideal gas,the system's heat gain is equivalent to a change in:

On a P-V diagram,an ____ process is represented by a horizontal line.

During an isobaric process which one of the following does not change?

A 2.0-mol ideal gas system is maintained at a constant volume of 4.0 L.If 100 J of heat is added,what is the work done on the system?

Quiz 12: The Laws of Thermodynamics Work in Thermodynamic Processes

A 2-mol ideal gas system undergoes an adiabatic process where it expands and does 20 J of work on its environment.How much heat is received by the system? ​

In an isothermal process for an ideal gas system (where the internal energy doesn't change) ,which of the following choices best corresponds to the value of the work done on the system?

A 2-mol ideal gas system undergoes an adiabatic process where it expands and does 16 J of work on its environment.What is its change in internal energy? ​

A system is acted on by its surroundings in such a way that it receives 70 J of heat while simultaneously doing 40 J of work.What is its net change in internal energy? ​

A closed 2.0-L container holds 3.0 mol of an ideal gas.If 180 J of heat is added,what is the change in internal energy of the system? ​

Area on a P-V diagram has units associated with:

In an isobaric process 5 × 104 J of work is done on a quantity of gas while its volume changes from 2.8 m3 to 1.8 m3.What is the pressure during this process? ​

The adiabatic index of a gas is given by which of the following?

In the first law of thermodynamics, ,W is positive when

A 5-mol ideal gas system undergoes an adiabatic free expansion (a rapid expansion into a vacuum) ,going from an initial volume of 30 L to a final volume of 50 L.How much work is done on the system during this adiabatic free expansion? ​

According to the first law of thermodynamics,the sum of the heat gained by a system and the work done on that same system is equivalent to which of the following?

The volume of an ideal gas changes from 0.3 to 0.52 m3 although its pressure remains constant at 58,000 Pa.What work is done on the system by its environment? ​

If an ideal gas does positive work on its surroundings,we may assume,with regard to the gas:

Which of the following increases the internal energy of a solid metal rod?

An adiabatic expansion refers to the fact that:

A quantity of monatomic ideal gas expands adiabatically from a volume of 2.4 liters to 6.7 liters.If the initial pressure is P0​,what is the final pressure? ​

In an isovolumetric process by an ideal gas,the system's heat gain is equivalent to a change in:

On a P-V diagram,an ____ process is represented by a horizontal line.

During an isobaric process which one of the following does not change?

A 2.0-mol ideal gas system is maintained at a constant volume of 4.0 L.If 100 J of heat is added,what is the work done on the system? ​

A 2-mol ideal gas system undergoes an adiabatic process where it expands and does 20 J of work on its environment.How much heat is received by the system?

A 2-mol ideal gas system undergoes an adiabatic process where it expands and does 16 J of work on its environment.What is its change in internal energy?

A system is acted on by its surroundings in such a way that it receives 70 J of heat while simultaneously doing 40 J of work.What is its net change in internal energy?

A closed 2.0-L container holds 3.0 mol of an ideal gas.If 180 J of heat is added,what is the change in internal energy of the system?

In an isobaric process 5 × 10⁴ J of work is done on a quantity of gas while its volume changes from 2.8 m³ to 1.8 m³.What is the pressure during this process?

A 5-mol ideal gas system undergoes an adiabatic free expansion (a rapid expansion into a vacuum) ,going from an initial volume of 30 L to a final volume of 50 L.How much work is done on the system during this adiabatic free expansion?

The volume of an ideal gas changes from 0.3 to 0.52 m³ although its pressure remains constant at 58,000 Pa.What work is done on the system by its environment?

A quantity of monatomic ideal gas expands adiabatically from a volume of 2.4 liters to 6.7 liters.If the initial pressure is P₀,what is the final pressure?

A 2.0-mol ideal gas system is maintained at a constant volume of 4.0 L.If 100 J of heat is added,what is the work done on the system?