Question 1

B cells are associated with the

Accepted Answer

B cells are responsible for the antibody-mediated immune response, in which they produce specific antibodies that recognize and bind to foreign antigens. This triggers a series of events that ultimately lead to the neutralization, destruction, or removal of the antigen.

Question 2

The non-specific localized response to an antigen is the

Accepted Answer

The non-specific localized response to an antigen is the inflammatory response. This is a general response to tissue damage, infection, or foreign substances that involves redness, swelling, heat, and pain in the affected area. It is not a specific immune response like the cell- and antibody-mediated response, which target specific antigens.

Question 3

Comment on the tertiary structure of the defensive proteins immunoglobulins and fibrin.Explain how the structure of each protein contributes to its function.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Comment on the tertiary structure of the...

Question 4

The function of memory T cells is to

Accepted Answer

Memory T cells are responsible for recognizing and quickly responding to previously encountered antigens by producing specific killer T cells. This allows for a faster and more efficient immune response upon re-exposure to the same antigen. Memory T cells do not destroy other T cells or produce phagocytes.

Question 5

The inorganic component of hemoglobin that is critical to its function is ________.

Accepted Answer

The inorganic component critical to hemoglobin's function is iron (Fe), which is represented in choice A. Iron is essential for hemoglobin's ability to bind and transport oxygen in the blood.

Question 6

Fibrinogen can be classified as a(an)________ because it circulates in the bloodstream in an inactive form until it is converted to its active form when needed.

Accepted Answer

Fibrinogen is a zymogen because it circulates in an inactive form until it is activated through cleavage by thrombin to form fibrin, which is involved in blood clotting. Amino acids are the building blocks of proteins, coenzymes are organic molecules that assist enzymes, enzymes are proteins that catalyze chemical reactions, and lipids are a class of biomolecules that include fats and oils.

Question 7

Two components of blood that carry out the transport function are ________ and ________.

Accepted Answer

Albumins are responsible for transporting molecules such as hormones, drugs, and fatty acids, while red blood cells carry oxygen and carbon dioxide throughout the body.

Question 8

Which is the correct order for the steps in the process of blood clotting?
I.release of thrombin
II.activation of zymogens
III.formation of fibrin clot
IV.constriction of blood vessels
V.interaction of blood with collagen or tissue factor

Accepted Answer

The correct order is: constriction of blood vessels (IV), interaction of blood with collagen or tissue factor (V), activation of zymogens (II), release of thrombin (I), and formation of fibrin clot (III).

Question 9

An antigen at the site of inflammation will probably be attacked and destroyed by

Accepted Answer

Phagocytes, such as macrophages and neutrophils, are specialized immune cells that engulf and destroy foreign particles, including antigens.

Question 10

The first two steps in the process of hemostasis are ________ and ________.

Accepted Answer

The first step in hemostasis is the constriction of blood vessels to reduce blood flow to the site of injury. The second step is the formation of a plug of platelets to seal the damaged vessel wall. The other options either do not accurately describe the first two steps or mix them up.

Question 11

Two components of blood that carry out the protection function are ________ and ________.

Accepted Answer

Immunoglobulins are antibodies that play a key role in the immune response by identifying and neutralizing pathogens such as bacteria and viruses. Platelets, while primarily involved in blood clotting, also have roles in inflammation and immunity, thus contributing to the body's protective functions.

Question 12

All of the following are small molecules commonly found dissolved in blood except

Accepted Answer

Nitrogen is not typically found dissolved in blood, as it is a gas that makes up most of the Earth's atmosphere. The other answer choices - oxygen, carbon dioxide, glucose, and amino acids - are all small molecules that can be dissolved in blood.

Question 13

The body fluid responsible for the proper functioning of the immune system is

Accepted Answer

The answer of The body fluid responsible for the proper...

Question 14

Chemically,antibodies can be classified as

Accepted Answer

Antibodies are a type of immunoglobulins, which are proteins produced by the immune system in response to the presence of foreign substances (antigens) in the body. Therefore, choice D is the correct answer. Amino acids, anions, cations, and nonpolar covalent molecules are not types of antibodies.

Question 15

The major function of platelets in the blood is

Accepted Answer

Platelets are responsible for initiating blood clotting and help stop bleeding from injured blood vessels. They contain proteins and enzymes that form clots to seal a wound and prevent further blood loss.

Question 16

All of the chemicals listed are associated with blood clotting except

Accepted Answer

Hemoglobin is a protein found in red blood cells that carries oxygen, it is not directly associated with blood clotting. Vitamin K is necessary for the production of clotting factors, calcium ions are necessary for the activation of clotting factors, collagen is a protein that helps in the formation of blood clots, and fibrinogen is converted into fibrin during the clotting process.

Question 17

Distinguish between inflammatory and immune responses to antigens.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Distinguish between inflammatory and immune responses to...

Question 18

Blood clotting is a specific example of the blood's general function of

Accepted Answer

Blood clotting involves the blood's defense mechanism to prevent excessive bleeding and to seal off wounds. This is a specific example of the blood's general function of defense or immunity.

Question 19

All of the following are functions of blood except

Accepted Answer

Blood does not produce energy for anabolic processes. The production of energy for anabolic processes is primarily carried out by cellular respiration within the cells of the body, particularly in the mitochondria. Blood does, however, play important roles in defense, transport, regulation of temperature, and acid-base balance in the body.

Question 20

The amino acid that is the precursor to the substance associated with the inflammatory response is

Accepted Answer

Histidine is converted into histamine, which is known to be involved in the body's inflammatory response.

Quiz 29: Body Fluids