Question 1

The process that produces polyploid cells in certain cells during development,such as those in the kidney and the liver is known as:
A) Aneuploidic interaction
B) Endomitosis
C) Exomitosis
D) Meiosis
E) Endomeiosis

Accepted Answer

Endomitosis is a process in which cells undergo repeated rounds of DNA replication without undergoing cell division, resulting in polyploid cells. This process is seen in certain cells during development, such as in the liver and kidney. Aneuploidic interaction, exomitosis, and meiosis are not processes that specifically produce polyploid cells in these tissues. Endomeiosis is not a recognized process.

Question 2

In a polyploidy organism,sometimes three homologues synapse and partially pair with each of the others forming a(an):
A) Univalent
B) Bivalent
C) Trivalent
D) Trisomic
E) Hectovalent

Accepted Answer

In a polyploidy organism, sometimes three homologues will synapse and partially pair with each of the others forming a trivalent. A univalent refers to a single, unpaired chromosome, a bivalent refers to two paired homologous chromosomes, and trisomic refers to an individual having an extra copy of a chromosome. Hectovalent is not a recognized term in genetics.

Question 3

When polyploid formation occurs without the separation of sister chromatids and the duplicated chromosomes pile up next to each other,forming a bundle of strands,the chromosomes are said to be:
A) Polyploidy
B) Polymitotic
C) Polytene
D) Aneuploidic
E) Tetraploidic

Accepted Answer

When polyploid formation occurs without the separation of sister chromatids and the chromosomes pile up next to each other, they form a bundle of strands known as polytene chromosomes.

Question 4

Which of the following is true regarding polytene chromosomes in Drosophila? 1.Homologous polytene chromosomes pair
2)All the centromeres of Drosophila polytene chromosomes congeal into a body called the chromocenter
3)Homologous chromosomes do not pair because they are in somatic cells
A) 1
B) 2
C) 3
D) 1 and 2
E) 1 and 3

Accepted Answer

1. Homologous polytene chromosomes do pair, which is a characteristic feature of these chromosomes, allowing for detailed study of their structure and gene mapping.2. The centromeres of Drosophila polytene chromosomes indeed congeal into a single mass known as the chromocenter, facilitating their identification and study.

Question 5

Cells with triplicate chromosomes are said to exhibit:
A) Down syndrome
B) Trisomy
C) Autosomy
D) Triploidy
E) Polyploidy

Accepted Answer

Trisomy refers to the presence of an extra chromosome, resulting in three copies of a particular chromosome instead of the usual two.

Question 6

In which phase of the cell cycle is a polytene chromosome most likely to be found?
A) Interphase
B) Prophase
C) Metaphase
D) Anaphase
E) Telophase

Accepted Answer

Polytene chromosomes are found in the interphase stage of the cell cycle, specifically in the G and S stages (growth and synthesis). During these stages, DNA replication occurs, resulting in multiple copies of some chromosomes that then stick together and form the characteristic banding pattern of polytene chromosomes. Polytene chromosomes are not typically found in the mitotic stages of the cell cycle (prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase) as they are too large and diffuse to be easily observed during these stages.

Question 7

Which of the following is a method of asexually propagating sterile polyploids?
A) Apomixis
B) Cultivation from cuttings
C) Bulbs
D) Grafts
E) All of these

Accepted Answer

All the options listed (Apomixis, Cultivation from cuttings, Bulbs, Grafts) are methods of asexually propagating plants, including sterile polyploids. These methods do not rely on sexual reproduction, making them suitable for propagating plants that are sterile or have desirable traits that breeders wish to maintain.

Question 8

Which of the following individuals exhibits aneuploidy? 1.An individual who is missing a chromosome
2)An individual who has gained an extra chromosome
3)An individual who is missing a portion of a chromosome
A) 1
B) 2
C) 3
D) 1 and 2
E) All of these

Accepted Answer

Aneuploidy refers to the condition in which an individual has an abnormal number of chromosomes. This can occur due to the missing of a chromosome (monosomy), the gain of an extra chromosome (trisomy), or the missing of a portion of a chromosome (deletion). Therefore, all of the individuals described in the options exhibit aneuploidy.

Question 9

Which of the following is a method that could result in a polyploid organism 1.A cell could go through mitosis without going through cytokinesis.
2)A cell could go through meiosis without properly separating the homologous pairs
3)A cell could go through mitosis while doubling the rounds of cytokinesis
A) 1
B) 2
C) 3
D) 1 and 2
E) 2 and 3

Accepted Answer

Polyploidy can result from a cell undergoing mitosis without cytokinesis, leading to a cell with twice the normal number of chromosomes, or from errors in meiosis where homologous chromosomes do not separate properly, both of which can result in an organism with more than two sets of chromosomes.

Question 10

Which of the following best explains the formation of polytene chromosomes?
A) Successive rounds of chromosome replication occur without intervening cell divisions
B) Successive rounds of chromosome replication occur with multiple rounds of intervening cell divisions
C) Few rounds of chromosome replication with multiple rounds of intervening cell divisions
D) All of these
E) None of these

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which of the following best explains the...

Question 11

Which of the following disorders is not caused by a trisomy in human beings?
A) Down Syndrome
B) Patau's Syndrome
C) Turner's Syndrome
D) Edwards Syndrome
E) Triplo-X Syndrome

Accepted Answer

Turner's syndrome is caused by a monosomy (missing sex chromosome) rather than a trisomy (extra chromosome). Specifically, females with Turner's syndrome only have one X chromosome instead of the typical two.

Question 12

An organism in which one chromosome is underrepresented is referred to as a:
A) Hypoploid
B) Hyperploid
C) Polyploid
D) Autopolyploid
E) Allopolyploid

Accepted Answer

Hypoploid refers to an organism that has one or more missing chromosomes or a chromosome set that has fewer chromosomes than the normal ploidy level.

Question 13

Which of the following would be most likely to be sterile?
A) Diploid organisms
B) Triploid organisms
C) Tetraploid organisms
D) All of these
E) None of these

Accepted Answer

Triploid organisms, which have three sets of chromosomes, are most likely to be sterile. This is because during meiosis, the homologous chromosomes cannot synapse properly and form functional gametes, leading to infertility. Diploid and tetraploid organisms can still produce viable gametes through synapsis of homologous chromosomes.

Question 14

Which of the following organisms is best known for its polytene chromosomes?
A) C. elegans
B) Drosophila
C) Human kidney cells
D) Human liver cells
E) None of these

Accepted Answer

Drosophila is the best known organism for its polytene chromosomes, which are highly condensed and visible under a microscope. The banding pattern of these chromosomes has been extensively studied and used for genetic mapping and analysis.

Question 15

Polyploids created from a hybridization between different species are known as:
A) Autopolyploids
B) Allopolyploids
C) Triploids
D) Tetraploids
E) None of these

Accepted Answer

Polyploids created from hybridization between different species are known as allopolyploids. Autopolyploids are created from within the same species. Triploids and tetraploids refer to the number of chromosome sets, but do not distinguish between the origin of the chromosome sets.

Question 16

Fertile tetraploids seem to have arisen by chromosome duplication in a hybrid that was produced by a cross of:
A) Two different, but related, diploid species
B) Two identical diploid species
C) Four different bur related haploid species
D) Four identical diploid species
E) Four identical haploid species

Accepted Answer

Fertile tetraploids can arise from a hybrid of two different but related diploid species, which can result in the doubling of chromosome number. This hybrid can then reproduce asexually, producing a fertile tetraploid population.

Question 17

An organism in which one chromosome or chromosome segment is overrepresented is referred to as a:
A) Hypoploid
B) Hyperploid
C) Polyploid
D) Autopolyploid
E) Allopolyploid

Accepted Answer

Hyperploid refers to an organism that has an extra copy of one or more chromosomes or chromosome segments, leading to an overall increase in the chromosome number.

Question 18

A hexaploid,such as Triticum aestivum,could best be described as having:
A) Three different chromosome sets each of which has been duplicated
B) Three different chromosome sets each of which has not been duplicated
C) Six different chromosome sets each of which has been duplicated
D) Sixteen different chromosome sets each of which has not been duplicated
E) Six identical chromosome sets each of which has been duplicated

Accepted Answer

A hexaploid has six sets of chromosomes, but each set has been duplicated from a single ancestral set. Therefore, it has three different chromosome sets, each of which has been duplicated.

Question 19

A fertile tetraploid would best be characterized as having a(an):
A) Two distinct sets of chromosomes with each set being duplicated
B) One distinct set of chromosomes that have been duplicated
C) Three distinct sets of chromosomes with each set being duplicated
D) Four distinct sets of chromosomes with each set being duplicated
E) None of these

Accepted Answer

A tetraploid organism has four sets of chromosomes. When it is fertile, it means that these chromosomes can pair and segregate properly during meiosis, which is most easily achieved if the organism has two distinct sets of chromosomes, each of which has been duplicated. This allows for proper pairing and genetic diversity during reproduction.

Question 20

Polyploids created by chromosome duplication within a species are known as:
A) Autopolyploids
B) Allopolyploids
C) Triploids
D) Tetraploids
E) None of these

Accepted Answer

The answer of Polyploids created by chromosome duplication within a...

Quiz 6: Variation In Chromosome Number And Structure

The process that produces polyploid cells in certain cells during development,such as those in the kidney and the liver is known as:

In a polyploidy organism,sometimes three homologues synapse and partially pair with each of the others forming a(an) :

When polyploid formation occurs without the separation of sister chromatids and the duplicated chromosomes pile up next to each other,forming a bundle of strands,the chromosomes are said to be:

Which of the following is true regarding polytene chromosomes in Drosophila? 1.Homologous polytene chromosomes pair 2) All the centromeres of Drosophila polytene chromosomes congeal into a body called the chromocenter 3) Homologous chromosomes do not pair because they are in somatic cells

Cells with triplicate chromosomes are said to exhibit:

In which phase of the cell cycle is a polytene chromosome most likely to be found?

Which of the following is a method of asexually propagating sterile polyploids?

Which of the following individuals exhibits aneuploidy? 1.An individual who is missing a chromosome 2) An individual who has gained an extra chromosome 3) An individual who is missing a portion of a chromosome

Which of the following best explains the formation of polytene chromosomes?

Which of the following disorders is not caused by a trisomy in human beings?

An organism in which one chromosome is underrepresented is referred to as a:

Which of the following would be most likely to be sterile?

Which of the following organisms is best known for its polytene chromosomes?

Polyploids created from a hybridization between different species are known as:

Fertile tetraploids seem to have arisen by chromosome duplication in a hybrid that was produced by a cross of:

An organism in which one chromosome or chromosome segment is overrepresented is referred to as a:

A hexaploid,such as Triticum aestivum,could best be described as having:

A fertile tetraploid would best be characterized as having a(an) :

Polyploids created by chromosome duplication within a species are known as: