Question 1

One of the most hotly debated criticisms of Kohlberg's moral reasoning theory is that this theory is based on a longitudinal study of only

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The answer of One of the most hotly debated criticisms...

Question 2

Adolescents who do not experiment with different identities or consider a range of options are experiencing identity diffusion.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Adolescents who do not experiment with different...

Question 3

Academic self-concept influences students' course selection.

Accepted Answer

Academic self-concept refers to a student's beliefs about their academic abilities and potential. When students have a positive academic self-concept, they are more likely to select courses and academic paths that align with their abilities and interests. On the other hand, students with a negative academic self-concept may be more likely to shy away from challenging courses and opportunities for academic advancement.

Question 4

A Children whose parents are divorcing can benefit from authoritative teachers.

Accepted Answer

Authoritative teachers provide structure, consistency, and support for children during a time of family disruption. They can provide a positive role model for coping with difficult situations and help children feel safe and secure in their school environment.

Question 5

Approximately two-thirds of people with eating disorders actually receive treatment and get help.

Accepted Answer

According to the National Eating Disorders Association, only about one-third of people with eating disorders receive treatment and help.

Question 6

Children's failure to gain a sense of industry may result in feelings of inferiority.

Accepted Answer

According to Erik Erikson's theory of psychosocial development, children who do not develop a sense of industry during their early school years may experience feelings of inferiority, as they compare themselves unfavorably to their peers who seem to be more competent and successful.

Question 7

Andrea is driving home from the library at 2:00 in the morning.She stops for a red light and waits,even though no one is in sight.After looking again carefully in all directions,she drives across against the light.According to Kohlberg,what level of moral reasoning is reflected by Andrea's decision to cross the intersection?

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The answer of Andrea is driving home from the library...

Question 8

The development of perspective-taking continues from early childhood to adulthood.

Accepted Answer

This is true. Perspective-taking is a cognitive skill that develops over time and continues throughout one's life. It is shaped by experiences, social interactions, and cognitive abilities, and can be improved through practice and training.

Question 9

Which one of the following statements is $\bold{TRUE}$ regarding how Kohlberg's theory treats social conventions relative to moral issues?

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The answer of Which one of the following statements is...

Question 10

In addition to reasoning,what other influences affect moral behaviour?

Accepted Answer

Internalization (referring to the individual's own personal values and beliefs) and modelling (observing and imitating the behaviour of others) are both other significant influences on moral behaviour, as well as reasoning. Options A and D both refer to specific values or actions that may influence moral behaviour, but do not encompass all the possible factors. Option B is not a commonly recognized factor in moral behaviour, and therefore is not the best choice.

Question 11

Erikson,like Piaget,saw development as a passage through a series of interdependent stages.

Accepted Answer

Erikson's theory of psychosocial development includes eight stages, each with a unique challenge or crisis that a person must experience and resolve in order to move on to the next stage. Similarly, Piaget's theory of cognitive development also includes different stages that build upon each other.

Question 12

Students experience the greatest increases in self-esteem when they grow more competent in the areas that their parents value.

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Question 13

According to Erikson,children's first development crisis is resolving initiative vs.guilt.

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Question 14

The basic difference between self-concept and self-esteem is that self-concept is a cognitive structure while self-esteem is an affective structure.

Accepted Answer

Self-concept refers to the knowledge and beliefs that an individual has about themselves, while self-esteem refers to the emotional evaluation or judgment of their self-concept. This makes self-concept a cognitive structure and self-esteem an affective structure.

Question 15

A successful means of dealing with the adolescent identity crisis is identity foreclosure.

Accepted Answer

Identity foreclosure is not a successful means of dealing with the adolescent identity crisis. It involves prematurely committing to an identity before fully exploring options and can lead to feelings of regret and dissatisfaction later in life. It is important for adolescents to go through an exploratory period in order to develop a coherent and authentic sense of self.

Question 16

According to Erikson,adolescents who are having difficulty with identity choices are experiencing a moratorium.

Accepted Answer

Erikson's theory of psychosocial development posits that during adolescence, individuals experience a stage of identity versus role confusion. Those who are struggling to make identity choices are said to be in a state of moratorium, in which they are actively exploring different roles and options.

Question 17

Ethnic heritage and pride are especially important influences on self-esteem.

Accepted Answer

Ethnic heritage and pride can contribute to a sense of belonging, identity, and positive self-image, which all promote higher levels of self-esteem. Studies have shown that individuals who have a strong connection to their cultural roots tend to have higher levels of self-esteem and psychological well-being.

Question 18

According to Woolfolk,one of the best ways to prevent cheating in a classroom is to

Accepted Answer

Placing students in high-pressure situations can increase the temptation to cheat. By avoiding such situations, teachers can reduce opportunities for cheating. This approach is more preventative and proactive rather than punitive, and can create a classroom culture that prioritizes ethical behavior. The other options (B, C, and D) either rely on punishment or assume that students may not cheat frequently or understand the importance of grades.

Question 19

Sue is presented with a moral dilemma and responds that she would act in a certain way to please her parents.The moral reasoning stage reflected is

Accepted Answer

Sue's response suggests that she is motivated by the desire to please her parents, which is characteristic of the conventional stage of moral reasoning. At this stage, individuals are concerned about conforming to social norms and gaining approval from others, particularly authority figures.

Question 20

Vic was struggling with a difficult math exam.Abbey,an A+ student,was not covering her paper,so Vic decided to copy some of her answers in order to avoid having to try solving the rest of the problems himself.What level of moral reasoning did Vic demonstrate?

Accepted Answer

Vic's decision to cheat on the exam shows a preconventional level of moral reasoning, which focuses on self-interest and avoiding punishment.

Quiz 3: Self and Social and Moral Development