A cyclic process is carried out on an ideal gas such that it returns to its initial state at the end of a cycle,as shown in the pV diagram in the figure.If the process is carried out in a clockwise sense around the enclosed area,as shown on the figure,then the change of internal energy over the full cycle

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Since the process completes a full cycle, the internal energy of the gas returns to its initial state. Therefore, the net change in internal energy is zero. The internal energy is a state function, which means that it depends only on the initial and final states of the system and not on the path taken between them. In a cyclic process, the system returns to its initial state, so the change in internal energy is always zero.

A Cyclic Process Is Carried Out on an Ideal Gas