Question 1

The thoughts, feelings, behaviours, and experiences that occur during age regression or past-life regression are

Accepted Answer

Age regression or past-life regression experiences are often not based on factual events but rather are constructed from the individual's imagination, memories, and suggestions, making them educated guesses rather than accurate or factual accounts.

Question 2

What theory of hypnosis posits that individuals who are highly suggestible are simply responding to waking imaginative suggestions?

Accepted Answer

Sociocognitive theory posits that individuals who are highly suggestible are simply responding to waking imaginative suggestions, and that hypnosis is not a unique state of consciousness but rather a combination of social compliance, cognitive and imaginative processes, and the expectations of the individual and the hypnotist.

Question 3

The positive effects that have been noted when using hypnosis have been explained in a number of ways. One suggestion is that the relaxed state that accompanies a "hypnotic trance" is uniquely responsible for all of the effects. This reminds us of which principle of critical thinking from your book?

Accepted Answer

The suggestion that the positive effects of hypnosis are solely due to relaxation is a rival hypothesis to other possible explanations, such as the power of suggestion or cognitive restructuring. Ruling out rival hypotheses is a principle of critical thinking that involves considering alternative explanations and eliminating them through empirical evidence.

Question 4

What does the research evidence suggest about the relationship between hypnosis and sleep states?

Accepted Answer

Research suggests that hypnosis is a distinct state of consciousness that is different from sleep, including REM and non-REM stages.

Question 5

________ drugs alter our conscious experience by altering the chemical processes in neurons.

Accepted Answer

The answer of ________ drugs alter our conscious experience by...

Question 6

Researchers who are dubious of Hilgard's and others' claims of why hypnosis occurs have suggested that the ________ observer arises because the hypnotist suggests it, either directly or indirectly.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Researchers who are dubious of Hilgard's and...

Question 7

"I don't know what is wrong with me," says Lucy. "It used to take just a couple of drinks to get me 'going', but now it takes four or five." What is Lucy exhibiting?

Accepted Answer

Lucy is exhibiting tolerance, which is a physical adaptation to a substance that results in needing more of it to achieve the same effect.

Question 8

Which of the following has research found hypnosis to be effective at treating or helping to treat?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which of the following has research found...

Question 9

Research documenting that hypnosis fails to make amazing or unusual things happen, or that many hypnotic phenomena are not as unique as hypnotists would have an audience believe, provides supportive evidence for the ________ of hypnosis.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Research documenting that hypnosis fails to make...

Question 10

Which theory of hypnosis argues that hypnosis is not a trance state or a unique state of consciousness?

Accepted Answer

Sociocognitive theory argues that hypnosis is not a trance state or unique state of consciousness, but rather a result of the interaction between the hypnotic subject's social context and their cognitive expectations and beliefs about hypnosis. It suggests that the effects of hypnosis are primarily due to the power of suggestion and the subject's willingness to comply with the hypnotist's instructions.

Question 11

Psychoactive drugs are drugs that ________.

Accepted Answer

Psychoactive drugs contain chemicals that are similar to those found naturally in our brains, which can alter our thoughts, moods, and behaviors. Speeding up or slowing down activity in the central nervous system or relieving pain and producing euphoria are some effects that psychoactive drugs can have, but these are not the defining characteristic of these drugs.

Question 12

Contrary to popular public opinion regarding hypnosis, people can

Accepted Answer

The answer of Contrary to popular public opinion regarding hypnosis,...

Question 13

Research on age regression and past-life regression therapeutic techniques suggests that

Accepted Answer

Research on age regression and past-life regression therapeutic techniques suggests that they say more about the patient's beliefs than about any true healing properties. The use of these techniques has been criticized for potentially creating false memories and reinforcing irrational beliefs about past lives or events. Therefore, they are not recommended as valid therapeutic techniques.

Question 14

You meet a psychologist who says she views hypnosis from the sociocognitive perspective. Which of the following is the best description of what her view of hypnosis would be?

Accepted Answer

The sociocognitive perspective of hypnosis views it as a result of people's expectations and beliefs about hypnosis and their own ability to be hypnotized. Therefore, D is the best answer as it states that people's expectations of how they will respond to hypnotic suggestions are correlated with their actual response. The other options are not accurate descriptions of the sociocognitive perspective of hypnosis.

Question 15

________ refers to suggestive techniques for altering a person's perceptions, thoughts, feelings, memories, or behaviours.

Accepted Answer

The given definition refers to hypnosis, which involves inducing a trance-like state in which individuals become more open to suggestion and may experience altered perceptions, thoughts, feelings, memories, or behaviours. Déjà vu refers to a feeling of familiarity or recollection for something that is perceived as new, meditation is a practice aimed at achieving mental clarity and calmness, and perceptual sets refer to the tendency to perceive things based on one's preconceptions and expectations.

Question 16

Ernest Hilgard described the process of ________ as a dividing of consciousness, and claimed that this mechanism was at the very heart of hypnosis.

Accepted Answer

Ernest Hilgard theorized that hypnosis involved dissociation, or a division of consciousness, where an individual's attention is split and they are able to focus on different things at once. This allows for suggestions made during hypnosis to be accepted by the subconscious mind without interference from the conscious mind.

Question 17

Jared is attending a comedy hypnosis show with his girlfriend, and he agrees to come up on stage and be hypnotised by the performer. While he is in a trance, he is given an instruction that when he wakes up he is to flap his arms like a chicken and grunt like a gorilla as he runs through the crowd. Because Jared is usually a rather quiet and laid back person, what do you think is most likely to happen when he "wakes up" from his trance?

Accepted Answer

Hypnosis cannot make people act against their core beliefs or personality. Jared is unlikely to perform actions that are completely out of character for him.

Question 18

________ occurs when people require larger amounts of a drug to experience the same effects experienced during their initial usage.

Accepted Answer

Tolerance occurs when people require larger amounts of a drug to experience the same effects experienced during their initial usage. This can lead to addiction and dependence on the drug.

Question 19

What theory of hypnosis would be best able to account for research findings that suggest that an individual can be consciously telling a researcher that placing one's hand in ice-cold water isn't painful while unconsciously tapping a button that indicates they are experiencing pain?

Accepted Answer

Dissociation theory proposes that hypnosis involves a splitting of consciousness, in which the individual is simultaneously aware of both the task they are asked to perform and their own separate experience of that task. This theory can account for the research findings described, in which the individual is consciously reporting a lack of pain but unconsciously signaling otherwise through their physical behavior.

Question 20

The ________ theory rejects claims that hypnosis is a true altered state of consciousness by demonstrating, through empirical research, that hypnotised behaviour is largely a function of one's expectancies.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The ________ theory rejects claims that hypnosis...

Quiz 5: Consciousness