Question 1

Because of the way in which information is encoded in long-term memory,if you were attempting to recall the word barn from a memorized list,which word are you most likely to mistakenly say?
A)darn
B)shed
C)yarn
D)house

Accepted Answer

The answer of Because of the way in which information...

Question 2

If you are trying to recall the concept "test anxiety" for your final psychology exam,you are more likely to mistakenly write "test nervousness" or "test worry" than "text anxiety" or "tent anxiety" because information for your psychology final is most likely stored in long-term memory
A)phonetically.
B)on the basis of visual images.
C)procedurally.
D)on the basis of meaning.

Accepted Answer

The mistake of recalling "test anxiety" as "test nervousness" or "test worry" instead of phonetically similar but meaningfully different terms like "text anxiety" or "tent anxiety" suggests that information in long-term memory is stored based on meaning rather than sound, visual images, or procedures. This is why semantically related but phonetically different terms are more likely to be confused.

Question 3

As new long-term memories are stored,older memories are often updated,changed,lost,or revised through
A)chunking or recoding.
B)elaborative processing.
C)eidetic imagery.
D)implicit priming.

Accepted Answer

Elaborative processing involves making meaningful connections between new information and existing knowledge or memories. This process can lead to the revision or loss of older memories as new ones are integrated or updated. Chunking or recoding refers to grouping information together to aid in memory retention, eidetic imagery is the ability to vividly recall visual information, and implicit priming is a phenomenon in which exposure to a stimulus influences a person's response to a subsequent stimulus without conscious awareness. None of these options directly involve the updating, changing, or loss of older memories.

Question 4

Your understanding of the definitions for the psychology test has been encoded in your long-term memory (LTM). Now all you have to do is
A)store these definitions until the exam.
B)retain and then retrieve the definitions on the exam.
C)use eidetic imagery during your daily rehearsal of the information.
D)access these implicit memories through redintegration and priming during the exam.

Accepted Answer

Long-term memory (LTM) refers to the storage of information over an extended period of time. In order for the information to be useful, it needs to be retrieved and used when needed. Therefore, in this scenario, the best choice is to retain the definitions in long-term memory and then retrieve them during the psychology test. Option A is incorrect because simply storing the information does not ensure that it can be retrieved later. Option C is incorrect because eidetic imagery (photographic memory) is not necessarily the most effective form of rehearsal for most people. Option D is incorrect because redintegration and priming are not relevant concepts in this scenario.

Question 5

Regarding long-term memory (LTM),which of the following statements is TRUE?
A)LTM is often referred to as working memory.
B)LTM has a limited storage capacity.
C)Although information can be stored in LTM as images,the information is typically stored phonetically.
D)If you make an error in LTM it will probably be related to meaning.

Accepted Answer

If you make an error in LTM, it will likely be due to a semantic error or a mistake related to meaning, as opposed to a phonological error. LTM is separate from working memory, has a practically unlimited storage capacity, and can store information in a variety of formats, including images and sounds.

Question 6

If you relate the definition of test anxiety to a memory of a time when your best friend was extremely nervous about taking a test,
A)you will have a harder time remembering the definition of the term.
B)you will have an easier time remembering the definition of the term.
C)this past memory will have no effect on whether you remember the definition or not.
D)you will most likely start feeling anxious about the test and impair your performance on it significantly.

Accepted Answer

Relating the definition of test anxiety to a specific memory can aid in the encoding and retrieval of the information, making it easier to remember. This is known as elaborative encoding, where we connect new information to existing knowledge or experiences. Therefore, the memory of your best friend's test anxiety can help you better understand and remember the definition of the term.

Question 7

The most characteristic aspect of "memories" obtained by stimulating the brain is that they will
A)be one's most recent memories.
B)be very unpleasant memories.
C)seem very vivid.
D)involve the most frequently recalled memories from one's past.

Accepted Answer

Stimulating the brain can create memories that seem very vivid, often described as feeling like a real experience. This is because the brain is being artificially activated in specific areas, leading to the creation of a strong memory. The other options are not necessarily true for memories obtained through brain stimulation.

Question 8

Penfield's claim that the brain records the past like a "strip of movie film,complete with sound track" is an exaggeration since
A)memories are stored in auditory images only,not visual ones.
B)memories are stored in visual images only,not auditory ones.
C)many events never get past sensory or short-term memory.
D)no long-past forgotten memories have ever been elicited through brain stimulation,only recently stored memories.

Accepted Answer

Penfield's claim is an exaggeration because many events never make it past sensory or short-term memory, meaning they are never recorded like a strip of movie film with a sound track. Memory storage is not as complete and accurate as Penfield implies.

Question 9

If you rehearse the Gettysburg Address until you have learned it to perfection,you can expect your memory for it to be
A)fleeting and likely to disappear within hours.
B)available only in special situations.
C)relatively permanent but subject to revision.
D)fixed in a neural substrate and available unless the brain is subjected to damage or disease.

Accepted Answer

The answer of If you rehearse the Gettysburg Address until...

Question 10

Which of the following can be helpful when you're making meaningful connections between new information and what you already know,but which can also lead to "memories" for things that never happened?
A)maintenance rehearsal
B)eidetic imagery
C)rote learning
D)elaborative processing

Accepted Answer

Elaborative processing involves connecting new information to existing knowledge, which can facilitate learning and memory. However, it can also lead to false memories or the creation of memories for events that never occurred. The other options (maintenance rehearsal, eidetic imagery, and rote learning) do not necessarily involve making connections between new and existing information or creating false memories.

Question 11

Which of the following was a characteristic of the memories obtained during the brain stimulation experiments?
A)They resembled dreams more than memories.
B)They involved only the person's most recent memories.
C)They involved only visual images,not auditory.
D)They most often involved one's most unpleasant memories.

Accepted Answer

The article states that the memories obtained during the brain stimulation experiments "more closely resembled vivid dream states than reality" and that they had a "dreamy quality." Therefore, choice A is the correct answer.

Question 12

In Penfield's research,memories elicited by the electrical stimulation of the brain suggested that
A)some brain areas when activated seemed to produce vivid memories of long-forgotten events.
B)only recent memories could be electrically triggered.
C)memories could be implanted and manipulated using this electrical stimulation.
D)long-term memory disruption was caused by this procedure.

Accepted Answer

Penfield's research showed that when certain brain areas were electrically stimulated, vivid memories of long-forgotten events could be elicited. This suggests that memories are stored in specific areas of the brain and can be activated through electrical stimulation. There is no evidence to suggest that only recent memories could be triggered, that memories could be implanted or manipulated, or that long-term memory disruption was caused by the procedure.

Question 13

While conducting brain surgery,which of the following electrically stimulated different brain areas in his patients and found that this activation appeared to produce vivid memories of long-forgotten events for these patients?
A)Herman Ebbinghaus
B)John Wilding
C)Stephen Kosslyn
D)Wilder Penfield

Accepted Answer

Wilder Penfield conducted brain surgery and electrically stimulated different brain areas in his patients. This activation appeared to produce vivid memories of long-forgotten events for these patients.

Question 14

Penfield's research on the memories of brain surgery patients utilized electrical stimulation to produce neural firing.During this procedure the patient was completely awake and able to discuss the memories they were experiencing with Penfield.This was possible because
A)of arthroscopic surgical techniques.
B)there are no pain receptors in the brain.
C)the patients were using biofeedback techniques.
D)they already had brain damage.

Accepted Answer

Pain receptors are not present in the brain, which allows for electrical stimulation during surgery without causing pain to the patient.

Question 15

Because of the way in which information is encoded in long-term memory,if you are attempting to recall the word bed from a memorized list,which word are you most likely to mistakenly say?
A)red
B)table
C)bread
D)sleep

Accepted Answer

The answer of Because of the way in which information...

Question 16

After appearing to produce vivid memories in his patients through brain activation,which researcher proposed that the brain records the past like a "strip of movie film,complete with sound track"?
A)Herman Ebbinghaus
B)Eric Kandel
C)Wilder Penfield
D)Jesse Shapiro

Accepted Answer

Wilder Penfield proposed the idea that the brain records the past like a "strip of movie film, complete with sound track" after his experiments involving electrical stimulation of the brain in epileptic patients resulted in vivid memories being recalled.

Question 17

Making information personally meaningful and important will improve which of the following types of memory?
A)sensory memory
B)eidetic memory
C)long-term memory
D)iconic memory

Accepted Answer

Making information personally meaningful and important will improve long-term memory retention as it strengthens the connections with existing knowledge and personal experiences, making it easier to retrieve the information later on. Sensory memory, eidetic memory, and iconic memory are not significantly affected by personal meaning and importance.

Question 18

Concerning the results of recent brain stimulation experiments on memories,which of the following statements is FALSE?
A)Most memory experts now believe that long-term memories are only relatively permanent.
B)Most of the experiences produced resembled dreams more than memories with many clearly imaginary.
C)The brain appears to record every event like a "strip of movie film,complete with sound track."
D)Many events never get past sensory or short-term memory.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Concerning the results of recent brain stimulation...

Question 19

As new memories are formed,older memories are often
A)updated.
B)unchanged.
C)decayed.
D)deconstructed.

Accepted Answer

As new memories are formed, they often cause changes in the neural connections and patterns associated with older memories, leading to their updating. This process is known as interference.

Question 20

If you can link information in short-term memory to knowledge already stored in long-term memory,the information will
A)gain meaning and be easier to remember.
B)lose meaning and be harder to remember.
C)become confused with the old information and be harder to remember.
D)be forgotten.

Accepted Answer

Linking new information to existing knowledge in long-term memory helps to create associations and context, which can enhance the meaning of the new information and make it easier to remember.

Quiz 33: Memory: Memory Systems

Because of the way in which information is encoded in long-term memory,if you were attempting to recall the word barn from a memorized list,which word are you most likely to mistakenly say?

If you are trying to recall the concept "test anxiety" for your final psychology exam,you are more likely to mistakenly write "test nervousness" or "test worry" than "text anxiety" or "tent anxiety" because information for your psychology final is most likely stored in long-term memory

As new long-term memories are stored,older memories are often updated,changed,lost,or revised through

Your understanding of the definitions for the psychology test has been encoded in your long-term memory (LTM) . Now all you have to do is

Regarding long-term memory (LTM) ,which of the following statements is TRUE?

If you relate the definition of test anxiety to a memory of a time when your best friend was extremely nervous about taking a test,

The most characteristic aspect of "memories" obtained by stimulating the brain is that they will

Penfield's claim that the brain records the past like a "strip of movie film,complete with sound track" is an exaggeration since

If you rehearse the Gettysburg Address until you have learned it to perfection,you can expect your memory for it to be

Which of the following can be helpful when you're making meaningful connections between new information and what you already know,but which can also lead to "memories" for things that never happened?

Which of the following was a characteristic of the memories obtained during the brain stimulation experiments?

In Penfield's research,memories elicited by the electrical stimulation of the brain suggested that

While conducting brain surgery,which of the following electrically stimulated different brain areas in his patients and found that this activation appeared to produce vivid memories of long-forgotten events for these patients?

Penfield's research on the memories of brain surgery patients utilized electrical stimulation to produce neural firing.During this procedure the patient was completely awake and able to discuss the memories they were experiencing with Penfield.This was possible because

Because of the way in which information is encoded in long-term memory,if you are attempting to recall the word bed from a memorized list,which word are you most likely to mistakenly say?

After appearing to produce vivid memories in his patients through brain activation,which researcher proposed that the brain records the past like a "strip of movie film,complete with sound track"?

Making information personally meaningful and important will improve which of the following types of memory?

Concerning the results of recent brain stimulation experiments on memories,which of the following statements is FALSE?

As new memories are formed,older memories are often

If you can link information in short-term memory to knowledge already stored in long-term memory,the information will