Question 1

Cheryl meets her fiancé's family and wants to remember their names.To do this,she repeats their names over and over again in her mind.This process is called
A)indexing.
B)maintenance rehearsal.
C)elaborative processing.
D)chunking or reordering.

Accepted Answer

Maintenance rehearsal is the process of repetitively verbalizing or thinking about information to keep it in short-term memory. This process is often used for remembering small amounts of information for a brief period of time, such as in the case of remembering someone's name. Indexing involves creating mental or physical cues to recall information, elaborative processing involves relating new information to existing knowledge to enhance understanding and retention, and chunking or reordering involves breaking information into smaller, more manageable pieces.

Question 2

When discussing the relationship between short-term and long-term memory,the authors of your textbook use the analogy of a warehouse with filing cabinets and a desk.As information enters the warehouse,it is first placed on the desk.Because the desk is small,it must be quickly cleared off to make room for new information.While unimportant items are simply tossed away,personally or culturally meaningful information is placed in the files,which represent
A)working memory.
B)sensory memory.
C)short-term memory.
D)long-term memory.

Accepted Answer

The analogy describes long-term memory as the filing cabinets where personally or culturally meaningful information is stored for long periods, similar to how long-term memory functions by holding onto important information.

Question 3

The experiment by Peterson and Peterson that required subjects to count backwards after hearing a number demonstrates the
A)importance of rehearsal for short-term memory.
B)role of the relevance of information to memory.
C)superiority of short-term memory over long-term memory.
D)importance of chunking in memory.

Accepted Answer

Peterson and Peterson's experiment showed that when rehearsal (repeating information) is prevented, short-term memory duration is only about 20 seconds. This suggests that rehearsal is important for maintaining information in short-term memory.

Question 4

When discussing the relationship between short-term and long-term memory,the authors of your textbook use the analogy of a warehouse with filing cabinets and a desk.As information enters the warehouse,it is first placed on the desk,which represents
A)iconic memory.
B)sensory memory.
C)short-term memory.
D)long-term memory.

Accepted Answer

The analogy in the textbook refers to the desk as representing short-term memory, where information is temporarily stored and processed before potentially being transferred to long-term memory. Iconic memory and sensory memory are both considered types of sensory information processing, whereas long-term memory is where information is permanently stored for later retrieval.

Question 5

According to an experiment in which subjects were required to count backwards after hearing a nonsense syllable,it was found that,without rehearsal,information in short-term memory will fade to zero after a delay of __________ seconds.
A)six to eight
B)12 to 18
C)30 to 45
D)60 to 90

Accepted Answer

In the experiment mentioned, it was found that without rehearsal, information in short-term memory faded to zero after a delay of 12 to 18 seconds. Therefore, option B is the best choice.

Question 6

Your instructor gives a pop test after just lecturing on the effects of drugs on the nervous system.On this test,you write "axon potential" instead of "action potential" and "repression" instead of "depression." Your mistakes illustrate the errors that can occur because most short-term memories are encoded
A)phonetically.
B)visually.
C)episodically.
D)procedurally.

Accepted Answer

Short-term memories are typically encoded phonetically, meaning that the sounds of words are more easily remembered than the visual or contextual aspects. This can lead to errors in recalling the correct spelling or terminology, as seen in the examples given.

Question 7

Information is quickly "dumped" from short­term memory and forever lost unless you silently say the information over and over to yourself through a process known as
A)verbal reorganization.
B)chunking.
C)maintenance rehearsal.
D)implicit priming.

Accepted Answer

The process of silently repeating information to oneself is known as maintenance rehearsal, which helps to keep information in short-term memory before it is transferred to long-term memory. Verbal reorganization and chunking involve reorganizing and grouping information to make it easier to remember, but they do not involve repeating information to oneself. Implicit priming refers to the unconscious influence of previous experiences on subsequent behavior or perception, and is not related to the process of maintaining information in short-term memory.

Question 8

You are introduced to Tim and Gina.Later when you see them,you cannot remember their names.If you try to guess their names,which of the following would most likely be your guess,considering how information is stored in short-term memory?
A)Thomas and Glenda
B)Tad and Gloria
C)Jim and Tina
D)George and Tanya

Accepted Answer

Short-term memory often relies on similar sounding or rhyming names to recall information. Jim and Tina are the closest options to Tim and Gina in terms of sound, making them the most likely guess.

Question 9

Which of the following types of memory is most often stored phonetically (by sound)?
A)eidetic
B)short-term
C)iconic
D)procedural

Accepted Answer

Short-term memory is most often stored phonetically (by sound) as it only holds information for a brief period of time and relies on acoustic encoding. Other types of memory, such as eidetic memory (also known as photographic memory) and iconic memory (visual sensory memory), may rely more on visual encoding. Procedural memory, which is responsible for our skills and habits, is stored and retrieved differently than other types of memory and is not typically associated with phonetic encoding.

Question 10

When we want to use knowledge from long-term memory to answer a question,the information is returned to __________ memory.
A)episodic
B)eidetic
C)short-term
D)sensory

Accepted Answer

The information from long-term memory is retrieved and brought into short-term memory to be used in answering a question or performing a task. Episodic memory is a type of long-term memory that relates to personal experiences and events, while eidetic memory is a rare ability to recall images with exceptional detail and accuracy. Sensory memory is the initial stage of memory, where information from the senses is briefly held before being transferred to either short-term or long-term memory. Therefore, the best choice is C, short-term memory.

Question 11

Keeping a short-term memory alive by silently repeating it is called
A)redintegration.
B)maintenance rehearsal.
C)chunking.
D)elaborative processing.

Accepted Answer

The process of silently repeating information to maintain it in short-term memory is known as maintenance rehearsal. Redintegration refers to the process of recombining stored information to form a new representation, while chunking involves organizing information into meaningful units to aid in memory retention. Elaborative processing involves actively relating new information to existing knowledge in long-term memory.

Question 12

To keep a phone number active in their minds while inputting the numbers into their cell phones,most people use
A)proactive cueing.
B)maintenance rehearsal.
C)elaborative processing.
D)redintegration.

Accepted Answer

Maintenance rehearsal involves repetitively focusing on or repeating information in order to maintain it in short-term memory. This is often used when inputting a phone number into a cell phone - the individual repeats the numbers to themselves as they enter them in order to keep them active in their memory. Proactive cueing, elaborative processing, and redintegration are not typically used in this context.

Question 13

You are being introduced to a stranger,and you want to remember his or her name.Which of the following statements regrading this situation is FALSE?
A)It is important to pay careful attention to the person's name,so that selective attention can move the name to short-term memory.
B)After hearing the name,repeat the name to yourself several times and then use the person's name in the next sentence or two that you say to this person.
C)If the name slips out of your short-term memory,you can recover it through redintegration.
D)If the name slips out of your short-term memory,it will be gone forever.

Accepted Answer

The answer of You are being introduced to a stranger,and...

Question 14

You have gone for the first time to one of the campus computer labs to work on your psychology assignments.However,you forgot your first-day handout,which has the psychology website listed.You spot a person from your class,and he tells you the website.You walk back to your computer and type in the website.In the process of working through the assignment,you accidentally exit completely out of the system.You cannot remember the psychology website.This illustrates how which of the following types of memory operates?
A)sensory memory
B)iconic memory
C)short-term memory
D)procedural memory

Accepted Answer

This scenario illustrates the operation of short-term memory, which has a limited capacity and duration for holding information. The person initially receives information about the psychology website, but because it is not stored in long-term memory, it is lost when they accidentally exit the computer system. Sensory memory and iconic memory refer to brief sensory storage of stimuli, while procedural memory relates to memory for motor skills and procedures.

Question 15

Your roommate calls out ten items for you to get at the grocery store on your way back from class.Regarding how short-term memories are encoded,if you were asked to get ham and soap,you are most likely to mistakenly bring back
A)jam and soup.
B)roast beef and shampoo.
C)hot dogs and buns.
D)bologna and detergent.

Accepted Answer

This is a common example of how short-term memories are encoded according to acoustic similarity. Ham and jam sound similar, as do soap and soup. Therefore, the brain might mix up these items and cause the person to bring back the wrong ones.

Question 16

In which memory system will information be quickly "dumped" unless the process of maintenance rehearsal takes place?
A)sensory memory
B)short-term memory
C)semantic memory
D)procedural memory

Accepted Answer

Short-term memory is the memory system where information is temporarily stored and can be quickly lost unless it is rehearsed or transferred to long-term memory. Sensory memory is only capable of holding information for a brief period of time, generally less than a second. Semantic memory is long-term memory for general knowledge and facts, while procedural memory is long-term memory for skills and procedures.

Question 17

In order to briefly remember a shopping list,you silently say the items on the list over and over to yourself.You are able to maintain these items in your short-term memory through
A)maintenance rehearsal.
B)redintegration.
C)priming.
D)elaboration.

Accepted Answer

Maintenance rehearsal is the process of repeatedly rehearsing information to keep it in short-term memory. In the given scenario, repeating the shopping list items to oneself is an example of maintenance rehearsal, which helps maintain the information in short-term memory. Redintegration is the process of remembering information by connecting it to previous memories, priming is the prior activation of associations in memory that can later affect perception, memory, or response, and elaboration involves adding additional information or meaning to the information being remembered, which is not relevant in this scenario.

Question 18

Short-term memories are most often stored
A)phonetically.
B)visually.
C)iconically.
D)episodically.

Accepted Answer

Short-term memories are most often stored phonetically, meaning they are encoded based on sound. This is why we can remember a piece of information better if we repeat it out loud.

Question 19

Short-term memories can be prolonged by
A)counting aloud to prevent new input.
B)maintenance rehearsal.
C)brain stimulation.
D)proactive cueing.

Accepted Answer

Maintenance rehearsal involves repeating information over and over again to keep it in short-term memory. This can prolong the duration of the memory, allowing it to be retrieved later on. Counting aloud may prevent new input, but it does not necessarily prolong the memory. Brain stimulation and proactive cueing refer to different methods of enhancing long-term memory, and do not necessarily have an effect on short-term memory.

Question 20

Earlier in the day,you ate breakfast at The Pine Tree Cafe.You are trying to tell a friend about this restaurant,but you can't quite recall the name.You will most likely call the restaurant
A)The Oak Grove Cafe.
B)The Lime Tree Cafe.
C)The Fair Tree Cafe.
D)The Forest Tree Cafe.

Accepted Answer

The options given all include the word "tree," which means the speaker remembers that word from the restaurant's name. However, none of the other words in the options would match well with "pine." "Lime" does not match with "pine" either, but it is a type of tree like pine, so it is the closest match among the given options.

Quiz 33: Memory: Memory Systems

Cheryl meets her fiancé's family and wants to remember their names.To do this,she repeats their names over and over again in her mind.This process is called

The experiment by Peterson and Peterson that required subjects to count backwards after hearing a number demonstrates the

When discussing the relationship between short-term and long-term memory,the authors of your textbook use the analogy of a warehouse with filing cabinets and a desk.As information enters the warehouse,it is first placed on the desk,which represents

According to an experiment in which subjects were required to count backwards after hearing a nonsense syllable,it was found that,without rehearsal,information in short-term memory will fade to zero after a delay of __________ seconds.

Information is quickly "dumped" from shortterm memory and forever lost unless you silently say the information over and over to yourself through a process known as

You are introduced to Tim and Gina.Later when you see them,you cannot remember their names.If you try to guess their names,which of the following would most likely be your guess,considering how information is stored in short-term memory?

Which of the following types of memory is most often stored phonetically (by sound) ?

When we want to use knowledge from long-term memory to answer a question,the information is returned to __________ memory.

Keeping a short-term memory alive by silently repeating it is called

To keep a phone number active in their minds while inputting the numbers into their cell phones,most people use

You are being introduced to a stranger,and you want to remember his or her name.Which of the following statements regrading this situation is FALSE?

Your roommate calls out ten items for you to get at the grocery store on your way back from class.Regarding how short-term memories are encoded,if you were asked to get ham and soap,you are most likely to mistakenly bring back

In which memory system will information be quickly "dumped" unless the process of maintenance rehearsal takes place?

In order to briefly remember a shopping list,you silently say the items on the list over and over to yourself.You are able to maintain these items in your short-term memory through

Short-term memories are most often stored

Short-term memories can be prolonged by

Earlier in the day,you ate breakfast at The Pine Tree Cafe.You are trying to tell a friend about this restaurant,but you can't quite recall the name.You will most likely call the restaurant