Question 1

"Helpless" animals display all of the following characteristics EXCEPT

Accepted Answer

"Helpless" animals typically display lowered activity instead of increased activity. They also show lowered aggression, blunted appetite, and loss of sex drive.

Question 2

Clancy just made a very low score on her first psychology test.Clancy is more likely to develop learned helplessness from this experience if she attributes her failure in psychology to

Accepted Answer

The answer of Clancy just made a very low score...

Question 3

When children have developed learned helplessness regarding their studies,it is beneficial

Accepted Answer

The answer of When children have developed learned helplessness regarding...

Question 4

All through high school,other students have treated Archie as if he were stupid.He rarely answers any questions in class and feels "knocked down" everywhere he turns.Archie is most likely showing symptoms of

Accepted Answer

Archie's behavior of rarely answering questions in class and feeling "knocked down" suggest he may have experienced learned helplessness, which is a belief that one has no control over their circumstances and that their actions are futile. This can lead to depressive symptoms, such as feeling helpless and defeated. Hostility and aggression, dissociative disorders, and pressure and burnout, while possible, are not the best choices based on the given information.

Question 5

Which of the following involves responses being reinforced in such a way that people begin to feel that they have control over their environment?

Accepted Answer

Mastery training involves reinforcing desired responses in a controlled environment, which can lead to people feeling that they have control over the situation. This can increase self-efficacy and confidence in their abilities. The other options are not related to this concept.

Question 6

If you are in a situation in which the stressor appears to be uncontrollable,you will most likely show which two reactions?

Accepted Answer

When a stressor appears to be uncontrollable, individuals are more likely to experience feelings of helplessness and depression. This is because they feel like they are unable to change the situation and as a result, they become overwhelmed and despondent. This can lead to a variety of negative outcomes, including lower levels of motivation, decreased productivity, and increased risk of developing mental health conditions such as anxiety and depression. Apathy and double-approach conflict are not common reactions to uncontrollable stressors, and assimilation and marginalization are not relevant to this scenario. Psychosomatic disorders and hypochondria may sometimes result from prolonged exposure to stress, but they are not the most likely outcomes in this situation.

Question 7

The devastating effects of learned helplessness point out the importance of which of the following in defending against psychological problems?

Accepted Answer

Learned helplessness can lead to a sense of hopelessness, which can exacerbate psychological problems. Therefore, maintaining hope is important in defending against such problems. Trust, sublimation, and primary appraisals may also have important roles in psychological well-being, but they are not directly related to learned helplessness.

Question 8

"Helpless" animals display which of the following characteristics?

Accepted Answer

"Helpless" animals display a blunted appetite, not increased activity or aggression.

Question 9

The concept of hope is related to mastery training because it

Accepted Answer

Hope involves a belief that one's actions can lead to desired outcomes, which is the opposite of learned helplessness. Mastery training is a way to build hope by teaching individuals the skills they need to take control of their situation and achieve their goals.

Question 10

Lana is a sophomore in college.For the last couple of months,she has been persistently sad and anxious,has had difficulty concentrating and making decisions,and has lost interest in activities that she once found pleasurable. Lana

Accepted Answer

Lana is exhibiting symptoms of depression, including persistent sadness, anxiety, trouble concentrating, and loss of interest in pleasurable activities. This is not a minor fluctuation in mood that will bounce back on its own. Additionally, using defense mechanisms like reaction formation may temporarily alleviate stress but will not address the underlying issue of depression. Encouraging Lana to get more sleep and go to more parties is not an appropriate or effective solution for depression.

Question 11

Seligman and others have argued that there is a close connection between depression and

Accepted Answer

Seligman and others have proposed the theory of learned helplessness, which suggests that individuals who experience uncontrollable negative events are more likely to become helpless and depressed. This theory is based on the idea that when people believe they have no control over their environment or ability to change their circumstances, they give up trying, leading to feelings of helplessness and eventually depression.

Question 12

In laboratory experiments in which the dogs had developed learned helplessness,an effective method that helped the animals regain "hope" and feelings of control over the environment involved

Accepted Answer

In the experiments on learned helplessness conducted by Martin Seligman and colleagues, forcibly moving the dogs to a safe compartment where they could avoid shocks was found to help them overcome learned helplessness. This intervention helped the dogs learn that they could control their environment, thereby regaining a sense of hope and control.

Question 13

According to the text,conditions that indicate a depression include

Accepted Answer

The text mentions that difficulty in concentrating, remembering details, and making decisions are indicators of depression. The other options are not mentioned as possible indicators.

Question 14

Learned helplessness is most closely associated with depression in ways that include

Accepted Answer

Learned helplessness is a psychological condition where an individual feels helpless in situations, believing that no amount of effort can change or improve the outcome. This mindset is closely associated with depression, as it can lead to feelings of hopelessness, helplessness, failure, and a loss of motivation or appetite. Therefore, all of the given options are correct.

Question 15

Regarding the experiments on learning helplessness,animals that first learn to escape the shocks

Accepted Answer

Animals that first learn to escape the shocks were more persistent later in trying to escape the shocks and were more resistant to learned helplessness. This shows that prior experience with control can lead to greater resistance to the effects of learned helplessness.

Question 16

Melissa has started a new job as a bank teller.The first day,she makes a mistake counting back money to a customer and takes a longer than average time to do every task she is given.She decides that "she is stupid" and will never be able to do this job,so she quits.Melissa would not have quit her job so quickly if she had attributed her failure to

Accepted Answer

If Melissa had attributed her mistake and slow pace to first day jitters, she would have been able to recognize that it is normal to take time to adjust and improve with experience. This would have motivated her to continue trying rather than giving up immediately.

Question 17

Which of the following is NOT one of the conditions that indicate depression?

Accepted Answer

Having an intense focus, being detail-oriented, and making quick decisions are not indicative of depression. In fact, difficulty concentrating, indecisiveness, and slowed thinking are more common symptoms of depression.

Question 18

To immunize people against learned helplessness and depression,the famous Outward Bound schools utilize

Accepted Answer

Mastery training is designed to help individuals develop a sense of competence and a belief in their ability to make a difference through incremental successes. This type of training is effective in reducing learned helplessness and can increase resilience and prevent depression. Outward Bound schools utilize mastery training as a key component of their programs to help participants develop confidence and self-efficacy.

Question 19

By allowing them to master difficult challenges,such as mountaineering,white-water canoeing,and wilderness survival,the Outward Bound schools help to "immunize" people against

Accepted Answer

Outward Bound schools help to develop resilience by exposing individuals to challenging experiences and encouraging them to push through difficult obstacles. This helps to counteract the negative effects of learned helplessness, a mindset in which individuals feel unable to control or improve their situation, leading to feelings of depression and disempowerment. By mastering challenges, individuals are also better equipped to handle future obstacles that may arise in their personal or professional lives.

Question 20

The concept of learned helplessness is most closely associated with which of the following?

Accepted Answer

Learned helplessness is a concept that was developed in the context of research on depression. It refers to a state in which an individual has learned to believe that they have no control over their environment or outcomes, leading to a sense of hopelessness and eventually depression.

Quiz 57: Health, Stress, and Coping: Defenses, Helplessness, and Depression