Question 1

Complete the following statement with one of the primary facets of cognition.Cognition

Accepted Answer

Cognition refers to the mental processes involved in acquiring, processing, storing, and using information. Cognitive processes include perception, attention, memory, language, thinking, and reasoning. Therefore, the best choice is C - cognition processes information.

Question 2

Concepts that are learned more easily than others are called ________ concepts.

Accepted Answer

Natural concepts are those that are learned more easily than others because they are based on natural associations and common experiences. They are intuitive and familiar, making them easier to grasp and remember.

Question 3

The concept of "father" suggests that two concepts exist at the same time-male and parent.This is an example of a ______ concept.

Accepted Answer

A conjunctive concept combines two or more features or concepts into one, without necessarily implying a logical relationship between them. The concept of "father" involves both the male and parent features, but does not necessarily imply that all males are fathers or that all parents are males. Therefore, it can be classified as a conjunctive concept. Disjunctive concepts present two or more alternatives (e.g. "cat" or "dog"), prototypical concepts represent a typical or central example of a category, and archetypal concepts reflect universal symbolic or mythical themes.

Question 4

Which is the correct order of categories,from most specific to most broad?

Accepted Answer

The correct order from most specific to most broad is subordinate (most specific), basic (middle level of specificity), and superordinate (most broad). Subordinate categories are specific instances within a category, basic categories are general groups that are most commonly used in everyday language, and superordinate categories are the broadest, encompassing multiple basic categories.

Question 5

The intellectual processes by which information is obtained,transformed,stored,retrieved,and used is called

Accepted Answer

The intellectual processes described in the question are all aspects of cognition, which refers to the mental processes involved in gaining knowledge and understanding through thought, experience, and the senses. Activation, motivation, and emotion all play a role in cognition, but they do not encompass the full range of intellectual processes described in the question.

Question 6

Natural concepts have two primary characteristics: they are ______ and ______.

Accepted Answer

Natural concepts are basic, meaning that they are simple and easily understood, and prototypical, meaning that they are based on a typical or idealized example of the concept. This is in contrast to artificial concepts, which are typically more complex and defined through explicit rules or definitions.

Question 7

Which of the following is a facet of cognition?

Accepted Answer

Cognition refers to mental processes involved in gaining knowledge and understanding, such as perception, memory, and reasoning. "Active" is the only choice that reflects a characteristic of mental processes, whereas "emotional" reflects affect or feelings, and "useless" and "passive" are not related to cognition.

Question 8

A strike in baseball occurs if either (1)the batter swings at the ball and misses or (2)the batter does not swing at the ball when it passes through the strike zone.The concept of a "strike" is an example of a _______ concept.

Accepted Answer

The concept of a "strike" in baseball is an example of a disjunctive concept because it involves an "or" condition: a strike occurs if the batter swings and misses OR if the batter does not swing at a ball in the strike zone.

Question 9

When it is stated that natural concepts are good prototypes,a good prototype is actually a good

Accepted Answer

A good prototype is an example that represents the essential features of a concept. Therefore, natural concepts (concepts that have clear and recognizable examples in the natural world) make for good prototypes because they provide clear and concrete examples of the concept.

Question 10

When we use a certain cognitive process to reach a goal temporarily blocked by an obstacle,we are using

Accepted Answer

Problem solving involves the use of cognitive processes to overcome obstacles and reach a goal. This includes identifying obstacles, generating possible solutions, selecting and implementing a solution, and evaluating its effectiveness. The other options, such as concept formation and syntax, do not necessarily involve overcoming obstacles. Prototypical thinking refers to the tendency to rely on typical, or stereotypical, examples when thinking about a concept, but this does not necessarily involve overcoming an obstacle.

Question 11

If a cognitive psychologist were to tell you that you have a mental set,what would she mean?

Accepted Answer

A mental set is a tendency to approach a problem in a certain way based on past experiences or strategies that have worked in the past. If a cognitive psychologist tells someone they have a mental set, it means that they are approaching similar problems in the same way, even if that may not be the most effective method.

Question 12

When information is used to reach a goal that is blocked,what is the cognitive process called?

Accepted Answer

When information is used to reach a goal that is blocked, the cognitive process that is used is problem solving. Concept formation refers to the mental process of classifying objects or events into categories based on their shared features. Conjunctive thinking refers to the process of combining multiple pieces of information into a single idea or concept. Neural pruning refers to the process by which the brain eliminates unused or unnecessary neural connections.

Question 13

When is a concept considered a conjunctive concept?

Accepted Answer

A conjunctive concept is defined by two or more features that must be present in order for the concept to apply. Therefore, option C is the correct answer. Options A and B do not accurately describe a conjunctive concept, while option D refers to a disjunctive concept.

Question 14

In Rosch's study of the ability of the subjects from the Dani tribe to learn names of colors,she found evidence that some color concepts

Accepted Answer

Rosch's study found that certain color concepts serve as better prototypes than others, indicating that some colors are more central or representative of their category, making them easier to recognize and categorize.

Question 15

The term "adult" is sometimes used to defined as a person who is (1)18 years or older,and (2)has completed puberty,and (3)is financially independent.If a person had to have all three characteristics to qualify as an adult,the term "adult" could refer to a

Accepted Answer

A conjunctive concept requires all criteria to be met in order for the person to qualify as an adult. A disjunctive concept would allow for alternative criteria to also qualify someone as an adult. A prototypical category and basic category are not relevant to this question.

Question 16

Which of the following statements is correct regarding basic concepts? Basic concepts

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which of the following statements is correct...

Question 17

Rosch believes basic concepts are easier to learn.Which of the following does she use in support of this statement?

Accepted Answer

Rosch supports her statement by arguing that basic concepts are easily named, which implies they are more accessible and straightforward to learn compared to more complex or abstract concepts.

Question 18

The basic units of thinking are called

Accepted Answer

Engrams are a theoretical concept in neuroscience that refer to patterns of neural activity associated with specific memories, so they are not the basic units of thinking. Behaviors are observable actions produced by an organism, but thinking involves mental processes that may not always correspond to observable behaviors. Neurons are the cells that transmit information in the brain, but thinking involves complex interactions between many neurons that cannot be reduced to the activity of individual cells. Concepts, on the other hand, are mental representations that allow us to categorize and organize our experiences, and they are considered the basic units of thinking because they underlie many cognitive processes such as perception, attention, memory, language, and problem-solving.

Question 19

What are the three primary facets of cognition?

Accepted Answer

The three primary facets of cognition are their ability to process information, be active, and be useful. Option A is not accurate as cognition is not necessarily always complex or using expert systems, and the term generative is not related to cognition. Option C lists three subtypes of conjunctive thinking, which is not related to the primary facets of cognition. Option D lists adjectives that do not accurately capture the primary facets of cognition.

Question 20

Which of the following levels expresses the greatest amount of conceptual inclusiveness?

Accepted Answer

Superordinate level is the most inclusive, representing a higher, more general category that encompasses various subordinate categories.

Quiz 9: Cognition, Language, and Intelligence