Question 1

If a researcher wanted to do genetics research and wanted twins to be exactly the same in both appearance and genetic structure,she would want to study ______ twins.
A) dizygotic
B) gametomimetic
C) non-identical
D) monozygotic

Accepted Answer

Monozygotic twins, also known as identical twins, are the result of a single fertilized egg splitting into two embryos, producing twins that share exactly the same genetic code. Therefore, they will have the same appearance and genetic structure. The other options - A) dizygotic (fraternal) twins, C) non-identical twins, and B) gametomimetic twins - all refer to twins that are not identical and do not share the same genetic code.

Question 2

In general,studies of adopted children's IQs show them to be
A) closer in IQ to their adoptive parents than to their biological parents.
B) no closer in IQ to their biological parents than they are to their adoptive parents.
C) closer in IQ to their biological parents than to their adoptive parents.
D) just as close to their adoptive parents as to their biological parents.

Accepted Answer

Studies of adopted children's IQs generally show that these children are closer in IQ to their biological parents than to their adoptive parents. This suggests that genetics plays a significant role in determining IQ.

Question 3

Which statement about genes and chromosomes is most accurate?
A) Genes and chromosomes are essentially the same thing.
B) Chromosomes are made up of genes.
C) Genes are made up of chromosomes.
D) For every gene,there is a corresponding chromosome.

Accepted Answer

Chromosomes are structures made up of DNA and proteins, and genes are segments of DNA that provide instructions for making proteins. Therefore, chromosomes are composed of many genes.

Question 4

Based on available evidence,inheritance influences the _______ of our behavior.
A) broad dimensions
B) narrow definitions
C) smallest detail
D) moral development

Accepted Answer

Available evidence suggests that inheritance influences broad dimensions of our behavior, such as personality traits, psychological disorders, and general cognitive abilities. It does not necessarily determine the smallest details of our behavior or our moral development.

Question 5

What have twin studies revealed about intelligence?
A) Intelligence is completely influenced by environment.
B) Intelligence is partly influenced by heredity.
C) Dizygotic twins have almost identical IQ scores.
D) Monozygotic twins have very different IQ scores.

Accepted Answer

Twin studies have consistently found that intelligence is partly influenced by heredity. Monozygotic twins (who share 100% of their genetic material) have IQ scores that are more similar to each other than dizygotic twins (who share only 50% of their genetic material), indicating a genetic influence on intelligence. However, the fact that monozygotic twins don't have identical IQ scores suggests that environment also plays a role.

Question 6

Identical twins are also known as
A) monozygotic twins.
B) dominant-recessive twins.
C) dizygotic twins.
D) chromosomal twins.

Accepted Answer

Identical twins are also known as monozygotic twins, meaning they come from a single fertilized egg that splits into two embryos. Choice B (dominant-recessive twins) and choice D (chromosomal twins) are not accurate terms for describing identical twins. Choice C (dizygotic twins) refers to fraternal twins, who come from two separate eggs fertilized by two separate sperm.

Question 7

Dizygotic twins are as genetically alike as
A) other siblings.
B) their parents.
C) monozygotic twins.
D) clones.

Accepted Answer

Dizygotic twins, also known as fraternal twins, develop from two separate eggs fertilized by two different sperm. Therefore, they share approximately 50% of their genetic material, just like any other siblings. Monozygotic twins, on the other hand, develop from a single fertilized egg that splits into two embryos, so they are genetically identical. Clones are organisms that have been artificially created to be genetically identical to another organism.

Question 8

On the long strands of DNA,______ are located on the twin rails of the double helix.
A) hormones
B) nucleotides
C) myelinated sheaths
D) polyphonic stubs

Accepted Answer

Nucleotides are the building blocks of DNA and are arranged in a specific sequence along the rails of the double helix structure of DNA. Hormones, myelinated sheaths, and polyphonic stubs have no relation to DNA structure.

Question 9

Through multiple studies with genes and female mice,what is the current conclusion from this research?
A) Aggression really occurs only in male mice.
B) Genes influence aggression in female mice.
C) Aggression is not a trait that can be selectively bred.
D) Genes do not influence aggression in female mice.

Accepted Answer

The current conclusion from the research with genes and female mice is that genes do influence aggression in female mice.

Question 10

Normal and abnormal aspects of personality,such as sociability,kindness,or anxiety,result from
A) interactions of genes and proteins within the cell.
B) heredity and experiences in the environment.
C) genetic factors primarily.
D) environmental factors primarily.

Accepted Answer

Normal and abnormal aspects of personality are a complex interplay between genetic factors and environmental experiences. While genetics play a role in determining personality traits, environment also shapes personality development through experiences, upbringing, and socialization. Therefore, both heredity and experiences in the environment contribute to the formation of personality.

Question 11

Which of the following is one of the nucleotides in DNA?
A) glycol
B) GABA
C) guanine
D) glycogen

Accepted Answer

Guanine is one of the four nucleotides present in DNA, along with adenine, cytosine, and thymine. Glycol, GABA, and glycogen are not nucleotides in DNA.

Question 12

All cells in the human body contain microscopic structures called
A) chromosomes.
B) dendrites.
C) axon hillocks.
D) synaptic axons.

Accepted Answer

Chromosomes are the microscopic structures that contain our genetic material (DNA) and are present in all cells of the human body. Dendrites and axon hillocks are structures found in nerve cells, while synaptic axons are part of the synaptic junction between two nerve cells. Therefore, chromosomes are the best choice as they are present universally in all cells.

Question 13

Dizygotic twins occur when a female produces ______ that are fertilized by ______.
A) two separate eggs;one sperm cell
B) two separate eggs;two different sperm cells
C) one egg;one sperm cell
D) one egg;two different sperm cells

Accepted Answer

Dizygotic twins, also known as fraternal twins, occur when two separate eggs are fertilized by two different sperm cells, resulting in two genetically unique siblings.

Question 14

Chromosomes are constructed of long strands of
A) melatonin.
B) DNA.
C) thyroxin.
D) glia.

Accepted Answer

Chromosomes are composed of long strands of DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid), which carries genetic information. Melatonin and thyroxin are hormones, and glia are cells found in the nervous system.

Question 15

One of the key founders of the study of genetics was
A) Freud.
B) Bouchard.
C) Ebbinghaus.
D) Mendel.

Accepted Answer

Gregor Mendel is considered the father of modern genetics. His experiments with pea plants in the mid-1800s provided the foundation for our understanding of inheritance and genetic traits. The other answer choices are not involved in the study of genetics. Sigmund Freud was a psychologist, Michel Bouchard is known for his work in personality and behavior genetics, and Hermann Ebbinghaus is known for his work on memory.

Question 16

Which of the following is true regarding inheritance and behavior?
A) Behaviors that are inherited often skip a generation.
B) Humans do not inherit specific patterns of behavior.
C) Humans inherit behavior based on animal development.
D) Humans are only capable of inheriting very specific behaviors.

Accepted Answer

Humans do not inherit specific patterns of behavior. While genetics can play a role in behavior, humans have a complex brain and are capable of learning and adapting their behavior based on their environment and experiences. Additionally, behaviors are often influenced by both nature (inherited traits) and nurture (environmental factors). It is important to note that behavior is not determined solely by genetics.

Question 17

The human cell has how many pairs of chromosomes?
A) 20
B) 23
C) 26
D) 30

Accepted Answer

The human cell has 23 pairs of chromosomes, for a total of 46 individual chromosomes. Each pair of chromosomes has one chromosome from the mother and one from the father.

Question 18

When the most highly aggressive female mice are bred with random male mice,and for each generation only the highly aggressive female mice are selected to breed,what happens to these selected female mice over successive generations?
A) The highly aggressive female mice become more and more aggressive in each new generation.
B) The effect of aggression in female mice is negated by the random effect of the male mice.
C) The highly aggressive female mice eventually die out because of stress-related reactions.
D) The male mice become extremely hostile and aggressive in order to stay alive.

Accepted Answer

Selecting only highly aggressive female mice for breeding will lead to increased prevalence of aggressive traits in each new generation. This is due to the fact that aggression has a genetic basis and is heritable. Thus, the offspring of highly aggressive females will also inherit these traits and exhibit higher levels of aggression.

Question 19

Siblings would have the same genes if
A) their parents are brother and sister.
B) each inherits dominant genes.
C) they are fraternal twins.
D) they are monozygotic twins.

Accepted Answer

Monozygotic twins, also known as identical twins, come from a single fertilized egg that splits into two embryos. As a result, they have identical genetic material and therefore the same genes.

Question 20

The science of genetics was founded in the
A) 1660s.
B) 1760s.
C) 1860s.
D) 1960s.

Accepted Answer

The science of genetics was founded in the 1860s with the work of Gregor Mendel, who discovered the principles of inheritance through his experiments with pea plants.

Quiz 4: The Interplay of Nature and Nurture

If a researcher wanted to do genetics research and wanted twins to be exactly the same in both appearance and genetic structure,she would want to study ______ twins.

In general,studies of adopted children's IQs show them to be

Which statement about genes and chromosomes is most accurate?

Based on available evidence,inheritance influences the _______ of our behavior.

What have twin studies revealed about intelligence?

Identical twins are also known as

Dizygotic twins are as genetically alike as

On the long strands of DNA,______ are located on the twin rails of the double helix.

Through multiple studies with genes and female mice,what is the current conclusion from this research?

Normal and abnormal aspects of personality,such as sociability,kindness,or anxiety,result from

Which of the following is one of the nucleotides in DNA?

All cells in the human body contain microscopic structures called

Dizygotic twins occur when a female produces that are fertilized by .

Chromosomes are constructed of long strands of

One of the key founders of the study of genetics was

Which of the following is true regarding inheritance and behavior?

The human cell has how many pairs of chromosomes?

When the most highly aggressive female mice are bred with random male mice,and for each generation only the highly aggressive female mice are selected to breed,what happens to these selected female mice over successive generations?

Siblings would have the same genes if

The science of genetics was founded in the