Question 1

A ____ is a situation that exists naturally but that provides interesting scientific information to the perceptive observer.

Accepted Answer

A natural experiment is a situation that occurs naturally and is not manipulated by the researcher, but provides valuable scientific information to the perceptive observer. Option A, holistic experiment, is not a commonly recognized term in research. Option C, random experiment, involves randomly assigning participants to different conditions and manipulating an independent variable, which is different from a natural experiment. Option D, quasi-experiment, involves manipulation of an independent variable but lacks a true control group, which again is different from a natural experiment.

Question 2

____ refers to the truthfulness of a method-if a research method measures what it claims to measure.

Accepted Answer

Validity refers to the accuracy of a research method, whether it measures what it is intended to measure or not. It evaluates how well a test or tool measures what it is supposed to measure. Variance from the mean, reliability, and standardization are related to other aspects of research methodology.

Question 3

____ refers to the consistency of measurements-if a research method obtains similar results on different occasions.

Accepted Answer

Reliability refers to the consistency of the measurement over time and across different conditions or situations. A research method is considered reliable if it produces the same or highly similar results when conducted multiple times under the same conditions. Reliability is an essential component of measuring any variable in scientific research.

Question 4

Which of the following is an example of a negative correlation?

Accepted Answer

A negative correlation means that as one variable increases, the other decreases. Gas prices and the rate of driving have a negative correlation because as gas prices increase, people tend to drive less.

Question 5

In order to measure aggressiveness in toddlers,a researcher sat on a park bench for an afternoon and observed children playing on the slides and climbing equipment.To get clean results,it was very important that the toddlers not know that someone was observing them.What type of experiment would best fit these criteria?

Accepted Answer

A natural experiment is the best choice because it involves observing behavior in a natural setting without manipulating any variables. This method also allows for participants to be unaware of being observed, which is crucial for obtaining accurate data in this case. Ethnography, case study, and experimental research strategies involve more active manipulation of variables or direct involvement with participants, which could compromise the integrity of the study.

Question 6

What is the main strength of a cross-sectional study? It can ____.

Accepted Answer

The main strength of a cross-sectional study is that it can be completed quickly and inexpensively. It is a type of observational study where data is collected from a population at a specific point in time. However, it cannot assess the influence of time between measurements or isolate the influence of a generation, and may not provide information on the strength of a relationship.

Question 7

According to the text,what research term refers to the truthfulness of a method?

Accepted Answer

Validity refers to the degree to which a research method measures what it claims to measure, or the truthfulness of a method. Reliability refers to the consistency and stability of a research method over time or across different researchers. Correlation refers to the strength of the relationship between two variables. Generalization refers to the extent to which research findings can be applied to a larger population beyond the studied sample.

Question 8

It is a basic statistical principle of scientific research that ____,meaning that when two variables are correlated,it is not possible to tell whether one variable ___ the other.

Accepted Answer

Correlation refers to a relationship between two variables, but it does not necessarily indicate a cause-and-effect relationship. Therefore, it is possible that the correlation between two variables is spurious or coincidental, and one cannot assume that one variable caused the other based solely on the correlation.

Question 9

What type of design collects data on a sample of people of different ages on a single occasion?

Accepted Answer

Cross-sectional method collects data on a sample of people of different ages on a single occasion. This method is commonly used in developmental psychology to study age-related changes. A survey method collects data through questionnaires or interviews, a longitudinal method collects data on the same group of individuals over a period of time, and a correlational method examines the relationship between two or more variables.

Question 10

What research term refers to the consistency of measurements?

Accepted Answer

Reliability refers to the consistency of measurements. Validity refers to the accuracy of measurements, correlation refers to the relationship between two variables, and generalization refers to the ability to apply findings from a specific sample to a larger population.

Question 11

A(n)__________ is a statistical relationship between two variables,such that knowing one of the variables makes it possible to predict the other.

Accepted Answer

A correlation is a statistical relationship between two variables that allows one to predict the other. In other words, if we know the value of one variable, we can use the correlation to make a reasonably accurate prediction of the value of the other variable. The other options are not correct because a theory is a broad explanation of a phenomenon, an experiment involves manipulating variables to test a hypothesis, and a quasi-experiment is a type of research design that lacks full experimental control.

Question 12

____ refers to the consistency of measures,whereas ____ refers to the truthfulness of a measurement.

Accepted Answer

Reliability refers to the consistency or stability of a measurement, meaning that if the measurement is taken repeatedly, it will yield similar results each time. Validity, on the other hand, refers to the accuracy or truthfulness of the measurement, meaning that it is measuring what it claims to measure. Therefore, choice A is the correct answer as it accurately defines both reliability and validity.

Question 13

If you are diabetic,you want a glucose monitor that provides consistent results.In other words,if you tested your blood sugar five times in a row,it should show the same reading across all five measurements.A criteria for a good glucose monitor would be one that has high _____.

Accepted Answer

Reliability refers to the consistency and accuracy of a measurement. In this case, a glucose monitor that provides consistent results across multiple measurements is considered reliable. Validity refers to the accuracy of a measurement compared to a true value, correlation refers to the relationship between two variables, and generalization refers to the extent to which findings can be applied to a larger population. While these concepts are related, they do not directly address the issue of consistent results from a glucose monitor.

Question 14

According to the text,what type of experiment occurs when the researcher does not control the variables in a particular environment but provides interesting scientific information to the perceptive observer?

Accepted Answer

A natural experiment is a type of study in which the researcher does not manipulate variables but observes their natural occurrence in a particular environment. This type of experiment provides interesting scientific information to the perceptive observer.

Question 15

Professor Cook is conducting a research study on the cognitive abilities of infants and young children.Rather than follow subjects from birth to the age of 10,he assesses small groups from various ages.Of 1-year-olds he measures five children,of 2-year-olds he measures five different children,and so forth.By the time he has completed his study,Dr.Cook has an assessment of 50 different children from 10 different age groups.Which of the following describes the research method that Dr.Cook is using?

Accepted Answer

Dr. Cook is using a cross-sectional design, in which he assesses different groups of individuals at different ages, rather than following the same individuals over time (longitudinal design). A quasi-experimental design typically involves the manipulation of an independent variable, which is not described in this scenario. "Semi-reliable" is not a recognized research design term.

Question 16

Which of the following is an example of a positive correlation?

Accepted Answer

A positive correlation means that as one variable increases, the other variable also increases. Exercise and physical health exhibit a positive correlation because as individuals engage in more physical activity, they tend to experience better physical health outcomes.

Question 17

If you are diabetic,you want a glucose monitor that accurately tests your blood sugar.It would be dangerous if it gave you an inaccurate reading.Using this criteria,a good glucose monitor would be one that has high _____.

Accepted Answer

Validity is the correct answer because it refers to how well a test measures what it is supposed to measure. In the context of a glucose monitor for diabetics, high validity would mean the device accurately measures blood sugar levels, which is crucial for managing diabetes effectively.

Question 18

In ____ research,data is collected from a sample of people of different ages on a single occasion.Then,the researcher examines potential relations between variables in the data,based on the hypotheses of the study.

Accepted Answer

This describes a cross-sectional research design where data is collected from a sample of people of different ages on a single occasion. This design is commonly used in social science research to examine potential relationships between variables in the data.

Question 19

What type of correlation occurs when both variables increase in the same direction together?

Accepted Answer

Positive correlation occurs when both variables increase in the same direction together, meaning that an increase in one variable is associated with an increase in the other variable.

Question 20

A(n)____ means that when one variable increases,the other increases as well; a(n)____ means that when one variable increases,the other decreases.

Accepted Answer

Positive correlation means that as one variable increases, the other increases as well. Negative correlation means that as one variable increases, the other decreases. The other options are not correct terms for describing correlations.

Quiz 1: A Cultural Approach to Child Development

A ____ is a situation that exists naturally but that provides interesting scientific information to the perceptive observer.

____ refers to the truthfulness of a method-if a research method measures what it claims to measure.

____ refers to the consistency of measurements-if a research method obtains similar results on different occasions.

Which of the following is an example of a negative correlation?

What is the main strength of a cross-sectional study? It can ____.

According to the text,what research term refers to the truthfulness of a method?

It is a basic statistical principle of scientific research that __,meaning that when two variables are correlated,it is not possible to tell whether one variable _ the other.

What type of design collects data on a sample of people of different ages on a single occasion?

What research term refers to the consistency of measurements?

A(n) __________ is a statistical relationship between two variables,such that knowing one of the variables makes it possible to predict the other.

refers to the consistency of measures,whereas refers to the truthfulness of a measurement.

If you are diabetic,you want a glucose monitor that provides consistent results.In other words,if you tested your blood sugar five times in a row,it should show the same reading across all five measurements.A criteria for a good glucose monitor would be one that has high _____.

According to the text,what type of experiment occurs when the researcher does not control the variables in a particular environment but provides interesting scientific information to the perceptive observer?

Which of the following is an example of a positive correlation?

If you are diabetic,you want a glucose monitor that accurately tests your blood sugar.It would be dangerous if it gave you an inaccurate reading.Using this criteria,a good glucose monitor would be one that has high _____.

In ____ research,data is collected from a sample of people of different ages on a single occasion.Then,the researcher examines potential relations between variables in the data,based on the hypotheses of the study.

What type of correlation occurs when both variables increase in the same direction together?

A(n) means that when one variable increases,the other increases as well; a(n) means that when one variable increases,the other decreases.

Quiz 1: A Cultural Approach to Child Development

A ____ is a situation that exists naturally but that provides interesting scientific information to the perceptive observer.

____ refers to the truthfulness of a method-if a research method measures what it claims to measure.

____ refers to the consistency of measurements-if a research method obtains similar results on different occasions.

Which of the following is an example of a negative correlation?

What is the main strength of a cross-sectional study? It can ____.

According to the text,what research term refers to the truthfulness of a method?

It is a basic statistical principle of scientific research that ____,meaning that when two variables are correlated,it is not possible to tell whether one variable ___ the other.

What type of design collects data on a sample of people of different ages on a single occasion?

What research term refers to the consistency of measurements?

A(n) __________ is a statistical relationship between two variables,such that knowing one of the variables makes it possible to predict the other.

____ refers to the consistency of measures,whereas ____ refers to the truthfulness of a measurement.

If you are diabetic,you want a glucose monitor that provides consistent results.In other words,if you tested your blood sugar five times in a row,it should show the same reading across all five measurements.A criteria for a good glucose monitor would be one that has high _____.

According to the text,what type of experiment occurs when the researcher does not control the variables in a particular environment but provides interesting scientific information to the perceptive observer?

Which of the following is an example of a positive correlation?

If you are diabetic,you want a glucose monitor that accurately tests your blood sugar.It would be dangerous if it gave you an inaccurate reading.Using this criteria,a good glucose monitor would be one that has high _____.

In ____ research,data is collected from a sample of people of different ages on a single occasion.Then,the researcher examines potential relations between variables in the data,based on the hypotheses of the study.

What type of correlation occurs when both variables increase in the same direction together?

A(n) ____ means that when one variable increases,the other increases as well; a(n) ____ means that when one variable increases,the other decreases.

It is a basic statistical principle of scientific research that __,meaning that when two variables are correlated,it is not possible to tell whether one variable _ the other.

refers to the consistency of measures,whereas refers to the truthfulness of a measurement.

A(n) means that when one variable increases,the other increases as well; a(n) means that when one variable increases,the other decreases.