Question 1

Match renal structure or activity with correct characteristic. -distal and collecting capillaries tubules A)Collecting tubules empty into this structure. B)Stores the urine. C)Passage of substances from the peritubular into the tubular lumen. D)When dilated leads to an increase in GFR. E)Tuft of capillaries found in close approximation to the Bowman's capsule. F)Function of the glomerulus. G)Urine is forced through this structure by peristalsis. H)Collects the glomerular filtrate. I)Passage of substances from the tubular lumen into the peritubular capillaries. J)Functional unit of the kidney. K)Supplies the renal tissue with O₂ and nutrients. L)Carries blood from glomerulus into peritubular capillaries. M)Tube through which urine leaves the body. N)Variable water and sodium reabsorption occur here under hormonal control. O)Responsible for the vertical osmotic gradient in the medulla of the kidney. P)Glucose and amino acid reabsorption occur here.

Accepted Answer

The distal and collecting tubules are involved in variable water and sodium reabsorption under hormonal control, particularly influenced by hormones like aldosterone and antidiuretic hormone (ADH).

Question 2

Match renal structure or activity with correct characteristic. -efferent arteriole A)Collecting tubules empty into this structure. B)Stores the urine. C)Passage of substances from the peritubular into the tubular lumen. D)When dilated leads to an increase in GFR. E)Tuft of capillaries found in close approximation to the Bowman's capsule. F)Function of the glomerulus. G)Urine is forced through this structure by peristalsis. H)Collects the glomerular filtrate. I)Passage of substances from the tubular lumen into the peritubular capillaries. J)Functional unit of the kidney. K)Supplies the renal tissue with O₂ and nutrients. L)Carries blood from glomerulus into peritubular capillaries. M)Tube through which urine leaves the body. N)Variable water and sodium reabsorption occur here under hormonal control. O)Responsible for the vertical osmotic gradient in the medulla of the kidney. P)Glucose and amino acid reabsorption occur here.

Accepted Answer

The efferent arteriole carries blood away from the glomerulus into the peritubular capillaries.

Question 3

Match renal structure or activity with correct characteristic. -nephron A)Collecting tubules empty into this structure. B)Stores the urine. C)Passage of substances from the peritubular into the tubular lumen. D)When dilated leads to an increase in GFR. E)Tuft of capillaries found in close approximation to the Bowman's capsule. F)Function of the glomerulus. G)Urine is forced through this structure by peristalsis. H)Collects the glomerular filtrate. I)Passage of substances from the tubular lumen into the peritubular capillaries. J)Functional unit of the kidney. K)Supplies the renal tissue with O₂ and nutrients. L)Carries blood from glomerulus into peritubular capillaries. M)Tube through which urine leaves the body. N)Variable water and sodium reabsorption occur here under hormonal control. O)Responsible for the vertical osmotic gradient in the medulla of the kidney. P)Glucose and amino acid reabsorption occur here.

Accepted Answer

The nephron is the functional unit of the kidney.

Question 4

Match renal structure or activity with correct characteristic. -glomerular filtration A)Collecting tubules empty into this structure. B)Stores the urine. C)Passage of substances from the peritubular into the tubular lumen. D)When dilated leads to an increase in GFR. E)Tuft of capillaries found in close approximation to the Bowman's capsule. F)Function of the glomerulus. G)Urine is forced through this structure by peristalsis. H)Collects the glomerular filtrate. I)Passage of substances from the tubular lumen into the peritubular capillaries. J)Functional unit of the kidney. K)Supplies the renal tissue with O₂ and nutrients. L)Carries blood from glomerulus into peritubular capillaries. M)Tube through which urine leaves the body. N)Variable water and sodium reabsorption occur here under hormonal control. O)Responsible for the vertical osmotic gradient in the medulla of the kidney. P)Glucose and amino acid reabsorption occur here.

Accepted Answer

Glomerular filtration is a function of the glomerulus, where blood is filtered to form urine.

Question 5

Match renal structure or activity with correct characteristic. -Bowman's capsule A)Collecting tubules empty into this structure. B)Stores the urine. C)Passage of substances from the peritubular into the tubular lumen. D)When dilated leads to an increase in GFR. E)Tuft of capillaries found in close approximation to the Bowman's capsule. F)Function of the glomerulus. G)Urine is forced through this structure by peristalsis. H)Collects the glomerular filtrate. I)Passage of substances from the tubular lumen into the peritubular capillaries. J)Functional unit of the kidney. K)Supplies the renal tissue with O₂ and nutrients. L)Carries blood from glomerulus into peritubular capillaries. M)Tube through which urine leaves the body. N)Variable water and sodium reabsorption occur here under hormonal control. O)Responsible for the vertical osmotic gradient in the medulla of the kidney. P)Glucose and amino acid reabsorption occur here.

Accepted Answer

The Bowman's capsule is responsible for collecting the glomerular filtrate.

Answer: E
 The glomerulus is a tuft of capillaries found in close approximation to the Bowman's capsule.

Answer: F
 The function of the glomerulus is to filter blood and produce the glomerular filtrate that is collected by the Bowman's capsule.

Answer: D
 When the Bowman's capsule is dilated, it leads to an increase in glomerular filtration rate (GFR).

Answer: O
 The loop of Henle is responsible for establishing the vertical osmotic gradient in the medulla of the kidney.

Answer: P
 Both glucose and amino acid reabsorption occur in the proximal convoluted tubule of the nephron, which is contained within the Bowman's capsule.

Question 6

Match renal structure or activity with correct characteristic. -urethra A)Collecting tubules empty into this structure. B)Stores the urine. C)Passage of substances from the peritubular into the tubular lumen. D)When dilated leads to an increase in GFR. E)Tuft of capillaries found in close approximation to the Bowman's capsule. F)Function of the glomerulus. G)Urine is forced through this structure by peristalsis. H)Collects the glomerular filtrate. I)Passage of substances from the tubular lumen into the peritubular capillaries. J)Functional unit of the kidney. K)Supplies the renal tissue with O₂ and nutrients. L)Carries blood from glomerulus into peritubular capillaries. M)Tube through which urine leaves the body. N)Variable water and sodium reabsorption occur here under hormonal control. O)Responsible for the vertical osmotic gradient in the medulla of the kidney. P)Glucose and amino acid reabsorption occur here.

Accepted Answer

The urethra is the tube through which urine leaves the body.

Question 7

Indicate whether the first item in the statement increases, decreases, or has no effect on the second item by filling in the appropriate letter using the following answer code.
-Increased vasopressin secretion _____ urinary output.
A)increases
B)decreases
C)has no effect on

Accepted Answer

Vasopressin, also known as antidiuretic hormone (ADH), promotes water reabsorption in the kidneys, which decreases urinary output.

Question 8

Indicate whether the first item in the statement increases, decreases, or has no effect on the second item by filling in the appropriate letter using the following answer code. -Increased vasopressin secretion _____ Na⁺ reabsorption. A)increases B)decreases C)has no effect on

Accepted Answer

The answer of Indicate whether the first item in the...

Question 9

Match renal structure or activity with correct characteristic. -glomerulus A)Collecting tubules empty into this structure. B)Stores the urine. C)Passage of substances from the peritubular into the tubular lumen. D)When dilated leads to an increase in GFR. E)Tuft of capillaries found in close approximation to the Bowman's capsule. F)Function of the glomerulus. G)Urine is forced through this structure by peristalsis. H)Collects the glomerular filtrate. I)Passage of substances from the tubular lumen into the peritubular capillaries. J)Functional unit of the kidney. K)Supplies the renal tissue with O₂ and nutrients. L)Carries blood from glomerulus into peritubular capillaries. M)Tube through which urine leaves the body. N)Variable water and sodium reabsorption occur here under hormonal control. O)Responsible for the vertical osmotic gradient in the medulla of the kidney. P)Glucose and amino acid reabsorption occur here.

Accepted Answer

The glomerulus is a tuft of capillaries found in close approximation to the Bowman's capsule.

Answer: F 
 The function of the glomerulus is to filter blood and form a blood filtrate that enters the Bowman's capsule.

Answer: H 
 The Bowman's capsule collects the glomerular filtrate that is forced through the glomerulus.

Answer: L 
 The efferent arteriole carries blood from the glomerulus into the peritubular capillaries.

Answer: O 
 The loop of Henle is responsible for the vertical osmotic gradient in the medulla of the kidney.

Answer: P 
 Glucose and amino acid reabsorption occur in the proximal convoluted tubule (PCT).

Question 10

Indicate whether the first item in the statement increases, decreases, or has no effect on the second item by filling in the appropriate letter using the following answer code.
-Increased osmolarity of body fluids _____ vasopressin secretion.
A)increases
B)decreases
C)has no effect on

Accepted Answer

Vasopressin is a hormone that regulates the body's water balance by controlling the reabsorption of water in the kidneys. An increase in osmolarity (concentration of solutes) in body fluids signals the hypothalamus to release more vasopressin, which leads to increased water reabsorption and decreased urine output. Therefore, an increased osmolarity of body fluids increases vasopressin secretion.

Question 11

Indicate whether the first item in the statement increases, decreases, or has no effect on the second item by filling in the appropriate letter using the following answer code. -Decreased vasopressin secretion _____ H₂O reabsorption. A)increases B)decreases C)has no effect on

Accepted Answer

Vasopressin promotes water reabsorption by increasing permeability of the collecting ducts in the kidney. Therefore, decreased vasopressin secretion would decrease water reabsorption.

Question 12

Match renal structure or activity with correct characteristic. -peritubular capillary A)Collecting tubules empty into this structure. B)Stores the urine. C)Passage of substances from the peritubular into the tubular lumen. D)When dilated leads to an increase in GFR. E)Tuft of capillaries found in close approximation to the Bowman's capsule. F)Function of the glomerulus. G)Urine is forced through this structure by peristalsis. H)Collects the glomerular filtrate. I)Passage of substances from the tubular lumen into the peritubular capillaries. J)Functional unit of the kidney. K)Supplies the renal tissue with O₂ and nutrients. L)Carries blood from glomerulus into peritubular capillaries. M)Tube through which urine leaves the body. N)Variable water and sodium reabsorption occur here under hormonal control. O)Responsible for the vertical osmotic gradient in the medulla of the kidney. P)Glucose and amino acid reabsorption occur here.

Accepted Answer

Supplies the renal tissue with O₂ and nutrients.

Question 13

Indicate whether the first item in the statement increases, decreases, or has no effect on the second item by filling in the appropriate letter using the following answer code.
-Increased renin secretion _____ angiotensin I activation.
A)increases
B)decreases
C)has no effect on

Accepted Answer

Renin secretion increases angiotensin I activation. Renin is an enzyme that converts angiotensinogen (a protein made by the liver) into angiotensin I. Thus, increased secretion of renin leads to the production of more angiotensin I, which can ultimately result in higher levels of angiotensin II (a potent vasoconstrictor) and increased blood pressure.

Question 14

Indicate whether the first item in the statement increases, decreases, or has no effect on the second item by filling in the appropriate letter using the following answer code. -Decreased Na⁺ in body fluids (Na⁺ depletion) _____ renin secretion. A)increases B)decreases C)has no effect on

Accepted Answer

Decreased Na⁺ in body fluids stimulates the kidneys to release renin, which is part of the body's mechanism to increase sodium retention and blood pressure.

Question 15

Match renal structure or activity with correct characteristic. -urinary bladder A)Collecting tubules empty into this structure. B)Stores the urine. C)Passage of substances from the peritubular into the tubular lumen. D)When dilated leads to an increase in GFR. E)Tuft of capillaries found in close approximation to the Bowman's capsule. F)Function of the glomerulus. G)Urine is forced through this structure by peristalsis. H)Collects the glomerular filtrate. I)Passage of substances from the tubular lumen into the peritubular capillaries. J)Functional unit of the kidney. K)Supplies the renal tissue with O₂ and nutrients. L)Carries blood from glomerulus into peritubular capillaries. M)Tube through which urine leaves the body. N)Variable water and sodium reabsorption occur here under hormonal control. O)Responsible for the vertical osmotic gradient in the medulla of the kidney. P)Glucose and amino acid reabsorption occur here.

Accepted Answer

The urinary bladder stores urine until it is ready to be excreted from the body.

Question 16

Match renal structure or activity with correct characteristic. -ureter A)Collecting tubules empty into this structure. B)Stores the urine. C)Passage of substances from the peritubular into the tubular lumen. D)When dilated leads to an increase in GFR. E)Tuft of capillaries found in close approximation to the Bowman's capsule. F)Function of the glomerulus. G)Urine is forced through this structure by peristalsis. H)Collects the glomerular filtrate. I)Passage of substances from the tubular lumen into the peritubular capillaries. J)Functional unit of the kidney. K)Supplies the renal tissue with O₂ and nutrients. L)Carries blood from glomerulus into peritubular capillaries. M)Tube through which urine leaves the body. N)Variable water and sodium reabsorption occur here under hormonal control. O)Responsible for the vertical osmotic gradient in the medulla of the kidney. P)Glucose and amino acid reabsorption occur here.

Accepted Answer

The ureter is the structure through which urine is forced by peristalsis from the kidneys to the bladder.

Question 17

Match renal structure or activity with correct characteristic. -loop of Henle A)Collecting tubules empty into this structure. B)Stores the urine. C)Passage of substances from the peritubular into the tubular lumen. D)When dilated leads to an increase in GFR. E)Tuft of capillaries found in close approximation to the Bowman's capsule. F)Function of the glomerulus. G)Urine is forced through this structure by peristalsis. H)Collects the glomerular filtrate. I)Passage of substances from the tubular lumen into the peritubular capillaries. J)Functional unit of the kidney. K)Supplies the renal tissue with O₂ and nutrients. L)Carries blood from glomerulus into peritubular capillaries. M)Tube through which urine leaves the body. N)Variable water and sodium reabsorption occur here under hormonal control. O)Responsible for the vertical osmotic gradient in the medulla of the kidney. P)Glucose and amino acid reabsorption occur here.

Accepted Answer

The loop of Henle is responsible for the creation of a vertical osmotic gradient in the medulla of the kidney.

Answer: E
 The glomerulus is a tuft of capillaries found in close approximation to the Bowman's capsule.

Answer: N
 The collecting tubules empty into the collecting ducts, which are responsible for variable water and sodium reabsorption under hormonal control.

Answer: J
 The nephron is the functional unit of the kidney, which includes the glomerulus, Bowman's capsule, proximal and distal convoluted tubules, loop of Henle, and collecting ducts.

Question 18

Match renal structure or activity with correct characteristic. -proximal tubule A)Collecting tubules empty into this structure. B)Stores the urine. C)Passage of substances from the peritubular into the tubular lumen. D)When dilated leads to an increase in GFR. E)Tuft of capillaries found in close approximation to the Bowman's capsule. F)Function of the glomerulus. G)Urine is forced through this structure by peristalsis. H)Collects the glomerular filtrate. I)Passage of substances from the tubular lumen into the peritubular capillaries. J)Functional unit of the kidney. K)Supplies the renal tissue with O₂ and nutrients. L)Carries blood from glomerulus into peritubular capillaries. M)Tube through which urine leaves the body. N)Variable water and sodium reabsorption occur here under hormonal control. O)Responsible for the vertical osmotic gradient in the medulla of the kidney. P)Glucose and amino acid reabsorption occur here.

Accepted Answer

Glucose and amino acid reabsorption occur here.

Question 19

Indicate whether the first item in the statement increases, decreases, or has no effect on the second item by filling in the appropriate letter using the following answer code. -Increased aldosterone secretion _____ Na⁺ reabsorption. A)increases B)decreases C)has no effect on

Accepted Answer

Aldosterone stimulates the reabsorption of sodium ions and the secretion of potassium ions in the kidney, so increased aldosterone secretion would increase Na+ reabsorption, leading to an increase in Na⁺ reabsorption.

Question 20

Indicate whether the first item in the statement increases, decreases, or has no effect on the second item by filling in the appropriate letter using the following answer code.
-Increased angiotensin II activation _____ aldosterone secretion.
A)increases
B)decreases
C)has no effect on

Accepted Answer

Angiotensin II is a stimulus for aldosterone secretion, so increased activation of angiotensin II will result in increased aldosterone secretion.

Quiz 13: The Urinary System

Match renal structure or activity with correct characteristic. -distal and collecting capillaries tubules

Match renal structure or activity with correct characteristic. -efferent arteriole

Match renal structure or activity with correct characteristic. -nephron

Match renal structure or activity with correct characteristic. -glomerular filtration

Match renal structure or activity with correct characteristic. -Bowman's capsule

Match renal structure or activity with correct characteristic. -urethra

Indicate whether the first item in the statement increases, decreases, or has no effect on the second item by filling in the appropriate letter using the following answer code. -Increased vasopressin secretion _____ urinary output.

Indicate whether the first item in the statement increases, decreases, or has no effect on the second item by filling in the appropriate letter using the following answer code. -Increased vasopressin secretion _____ Na+ reabsorption.

Match renal structure or activity with correct characteristic. -glomerulus

Indicate whether the first item in the statement increases, decreases, or has no effect on the second item by filling in the appropriate letter using the following answer code. -Increased osmolarity of body fluids _____ vasopressin secretion.

Indicate whether the first item in the statement increases, decreases, or has no effect on the second item by filling in the appropriate letter using the following answer code. -Decreased vasopressin secretion _____ H2O reabsorption.

Match renal structure or activity with correct characteristic. -peritubular capillary

Indicate whether the first item in the statement increases, decreases, or has no effect on the second item by filling in the appropriate letter using the following answer code. -Increased renin secretion _____ angiotensin I activation.

Indicate whether the first item in the statement increases, decreases, or has no effect on the second item by filling in the appropriate letter using the following answer code. -Decreased Na+ in body fluids (Na+ depletion) _____ renin secretion.

Match renal structure or activity with correct characteristic. -urinary bladder

Match renal structure or activity with correct characteristic. -ureter

Match renal structure or activity with correct characteristic. -loop of Henle

Match renal structure or activity with correct characteristic. -proximal tubule

Indicate whether the first item in the statement increases, decreases, or has no effect on the second item by filling in the appropriate letter using the following answer code. -Increased aldosterone secretion _____ Na+ reabsorption.

Indicate whether the first item in the statement increases, decreases, or has no effect on the second item by filling in the appropriate letter using the following answer code. -Increased angiotensin II activation _____ aldosterone secretion.

Indicate whether the first item in the statement increases, decreases, or has no effect on the second item by filling in the appropriate letter using the following answer code. -Increased vasopressin secretion _____ Na⁺ reabsorption.

Indicate whether the first item in the statement increases, decreases, or has no effect on the second item by filling in the appropriate letter using the following answer code. -Decreased vasopressin secretion _____ H₂O reabsorption.

Indicate whether the first item in the statement increases, decreases, or has no effect on the second item by filling in the appropriate letter using the following answer code. -Decreased Na⁺ in body fluids (Na⁺ depletion) _____ renin secretion.

Indicate whether the first item in the statement increases, decreases, or has no effect on the second item by filling in the appropriate letter using the following answer code. -Increased aldosterone secretion _____ Na⁺ reabsorption.