Question 1

Indicate whether the item in question is referring to regulation of ECF volume or regulation of ECF osmolarity by using the following answer code: -Depends primarily on Na⁺ balance. A)refers to regulation of ECF volume B)refers to regulation of ECF osmolarity

Accepted Answer

The balance of Na+, Cl-, and H2O primarily determines the ECF volume, therefore this statement refers to the regulation of ECF volume.

Question 2

Indicate which type of acid-base imbalance might occur in each of the following situations by writing the appropriate letter in the blank.
-fever
A)respiratory acidosis
B)respiratory alkalosis
C)metabolic acidosis
D)metabolic alkalosis

Accepted Answer

Fever can lead to hyperventilation, which decreases carbon dioxide levels in the blood, potentially causing respiratory alkalosis.

Question 3

MATCHING
Indicate which fluid imbalance is being described by writing the appropriate letter in the blank using the following answer code:
-Convulsions and coma may occur.
A)overhydration
B)dehydration
C)both overhydration and dehydration
D)neither overhydration or dehydration

Accepted Answer

Both overhydration and dehydration can lead to severe neurological symptoms such as convulsions and coma due to electrolyte imbalances affecting brain function.

Question 4

Indicate whether the item in question is referring to regulation of ECF volume or regulation of ECF osmolarity by using the following answer code: -Depends primarily on H₂O balance. A)refers to regulation of ECF volume B)refers to regulation of ECF osmolarity

Accepted Answer

The phrase "H₂O balance" refers to the balance of electrolytes in the body. Since electrolytes play a crucial role in regulating the osmotic balance of the body fluids, this item refers to the regulation of ECF osmolarity.

Question 5

MATCHING
Indicate which fluid imbalance is being described by writing the appropriate letter in the blank using the following answer code:
-ECF and ICF become hypotonic.
A)overhydration
B)dehydration
C)both overhydration and dehydration
D)neither overhydration or dehydration

Accepted Answer

When both extracellular and intracellular fluids become hypotonic, it indicates that there is an excess amount of water in the body, which is known as overhydration.

Question 6

Indicate whether the item in question is referring to regulation of ECF volume or regulation of ECF osmolarity by using the following answer code:
-Is primarily important in the long-term regulation of arterial blood pressure.
A)refers to regulation of ECF volume
B)refers to regulation of ECF osmolarity

Accepted Answer

The statement refers to the long-term regulation of arterial blood pressure, which is primarily controlled by regulating ECF volume through processes such as the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system and the regulation of urine output by the kidneys. This is a key mechanism in maintaining blood pressure homeostasis.

Question 7

Match buffer system with correct characteristic. -primary ECF buffer for noncarbonic acids A)hemoglobin buffer system B)phosphate buffer system C)protein buffer system D)H₂CO₃:HCO₃^-buffer system

Accepted Answer

The H₂CO₃:HCO₃^- buffer system is the primary extracellular fluid (ECF) buffer for noncarbonic acids. It helps maintain pH balance in the blood by neutralizing excess acids.

Question 8

MATCHING
Indicate which fluid imbalance is being described by writing the appropriate letter in the blank using the following answer code:
-This occurs as a consequence of diabetes insipidus.
A)overhydration
B)dehydration
C)both overhydration and dehydration
D)neither overhydration or dehydration

Accepted Answer

Diabetes insipidus is a condition characterized by the inability to conserve water, leading to excessive urination and dehydration. Therefore, the fluid imbalance being described is dehydration.

Question 9

MATCHING
Indicate which fluid imbalance is being described by writing the appropriate letter in the blank using the following answer code:
-This occurs as a consequence of excessive vasopressin secretion.
A)overhydration
B)dehydration
C)both overhydration and dehydration
D)neither overhydration or dehydration

Accepted Answer

Excessive vasopressin (antidiuretic hormone) secretion leads to water retention in the body, causing overhydration.

Question 10

Match buffer system with correct characteristic. -important urinary buffer A)hemoglobin buffer system B)phosphate buffer system C)protein buffer system D)H₂CO₃:HCO₃^-buffer system

Accepted Answer

Phosphate buffer system is an important buffer system in the urinary system. It helps to regulate the pH of the urine by buffering excess acid or base in the urine. It consists of a mixture of dihydrogen phosphate (H2PO4-) and hydrogen phosphate (HPO42-) ions, which can act as a weak acid or base, depending on the pH of the solution.

Question 11

MATCHING
Indicate which fluid imbalance is being described by writing the appropriate letter in the blank using the following answer code:
-Cells shrink.
A)overhydration
B)dehydration
C)both overhydration and dehydration
D)neither overhydration or dehydration

Accepted Answer

When cells shrink, it is a sign of dehydration, or a lack of body fluids. Overhydration would cause cells to swell or burst. Therefore, the appropriate letter is B.

Question 12

MATCHING
Indicate which fluid imbalance is being described by writing the appropriate letter in the blank using the following answer code:
-Increased urinary output occurs as a compensatory mechanism.
A)overhydration
B)dehydration
C)both overhydration and dehydration
D)neither overhydration or dehydration

Accepted Answer

Increased urinary output is a compensatory mechanism for overhydration to help eliminate excess fluid from the body.

Question 13

Indicate which type of acid-base imbalance might occur in each of the following situations by writing the appropriate letter in the blank.
-excessive ingestion of alkaline drugs
A)respiratory acidosis
B)respiratory alkalosis
C)metabolic acidosis
D)metabolic alkalosis

Accepted Answer

Excessive ingestion of alkaline drugs can lead to an excess of base in the body, causing a shift towards alkalinity and resulting in metabolic alkalosis.

Question 14

MATCHING
Indicate which fluid imbalance is being described by writing the appropriate letter in the blank using the following answer code:
-This occurs as a consequence of excessive fluid intake.
A)overhydration
B)dehydration
C)both overhydration and dehydration
D)neither overhydration or dehydration

Accepted Answer

Overhydration is the excessive intake of fluids that can lead to fluid imbalance as the body's ability to regulate fluid levels becomes overwhelmed.

Question 15

Indicate whether the item in question is referring to regulation of ECF volume or regulation of ECF osmolarity by using the following answer code:
-Is primarily important to prevent fluid shifts between the ECF and ICF.
A)refers to regulation of ECF volume
B)refers to regulation of ECF osmolarity

Accepted Answer

The item is referring to regulation of ECF osmolarity, because it mentions preventing fluid shifts between ECF and ICF, which can result from imbalances in osmolarity.

Question 16

MATCHING
Indicate which fluid imbalance is being described by writing the appropriate letter in the blank using the following answer code:
-Osmolarity of the body fluids is decreased.
A)overhydration
B)dehydration
C)both overhydration and dehydration
D)neither overhydration or dehydration

Accepted Answer

Overhydration leads to a decrease in the osmolarity of body fluids because there is an excess of water relative to solutes, diluting the solute concentration.

Question 17

Match buffer system with correct characteristic. -primary intracellular buffer A)hemoglobin buffer system B)phosphate buffer system C)protein buffer system D)H₂CO₃:HCO₃^-buffer system

Accepted Answer

Protein buffer system is the primary intracellular buffer.

Question 18

Match buffer system with correct characteristic. -buffers H⁺ generated from carbonic acid A)hemoglobin buffer system B)phosphate buffer system C)protein buffer system D)H₂CO₃:HCO₃^-buffer system

Accepted Answer

The answer of Match buffer system with correct characteristic. -buffers H⁺...

Question 19

MATCHING
Indicate which fluid imbalance is being described by writing the appropriate letter in the blank using the following answer code:
-Vasopressin secretion is stimulated as a compensatory mechanism.
A)overhydration
B)dehydration
C)both overhydration and dehydration
D)neither overhydration or dehydration

Accepted Answer

Vasopressin (also known as antidiuretic hormone) secretion is stimulated in response to dehydration to conserve water by reducing urine output.

Question 20

MATCHING
Indicate which fluid imbalance is being described by writing the appropriate letter in the blank using the following answer code:
-Occurs with heavy vomiting.
A)overhydration
B)dehydration
C)both overhydration and dehydration
D)neither overhydration or dehydration

Accepted Answer

The description matches dehydration as heavy vomiting leads to loss of fluids and electrolytes, causing the body to become dehydrated.

Quiz 14: Fluid and Acid-Base Balance

Indicate whether the item in question is referring to regulation of ECF volume or regulation of ECF osmolarity by using the following answer code: -Depends primarily on Na+ balance.

Indicate which type of acid-base imbalance might occur in each of the following situations by writing the appropriate letter in the blank. -fever

MATCHING Indicate which fluid imbalance is being described by writing the appropriate letter in the blank using the following answer code: -Convulsions and coma may occur.

Indicate whether the item in question is referring to regulation of ECF volume or regulation of ECF osmolarity by using the following answer code: -Depends primarily on H2O balance.

MATCHING Indicate which fluid imbalance is being described by writing the appropriate letter in the blank using the following answer code: -ECF and ICF become hypotonic.

Indicate whether the item in question is referring to regulation of ECF volume or regulation of ECF osmolarity by using the following answer code: -Is primarily important in the long-term regulation of arterial blood pressure.

Match buffer system with correct characteristic. -primary ECF buffer for noncarbonic acids

MATCHING Indicate which fluid imbalance is being described by writing the appropriate letter in the blank using the following answer code: -This occurs as a consequence of diabetes insipidus.

MATCHING Indicate which fluid imbalance is being described by writing the appropriate letter in the blank using the following answer code: -This occurs as a consequence of excessive vasopressin secretion.

Match buffer system with correct characteristic. -important urinary buffer

MATCHING Indicate which fluid imbalance is being described by writing the appropriate letter in the blank using the following answer code: -Cells shrink.

MATCHING Indicate which fluid imbalance is being described by writing the appropriate letter in the blank using the following answer code: -Increased urinary output occurs as a compensatory mechanism.

Indicate which type of acid-base imbalance might occur in each of the following situations by writing the appropriate letter in the blank. -excessive ingestion of alkaline drugs

MATCHING Indicate which fluid imbalance is being described by writing the appropriate letter in the blank using the following answer code: -This occurs as a consequence of excessive fluid intake.

Indicate whether the item in question is referring to regulation of ECF volume or regulation of ECF osmolarity by using the following answer code: -Is primarily important to prevent fluid shifts between the ECF and ICF.

MATCHING Indicate which fluid imbalance is being described by writing the appropriate letter in the blank using the following answer code: -Osmolarity of the body fluids is decreased.

Match buffer system with correct characteristic. -primary intracellular buffer

Match buffer system with correct characteristic. -buffers H+ generated from carbonic acid

MATCHING Indicate which fluid imbalance is being described by writing the appropriate letter in the blank using the following answer code: -Vasopressin secretion is stimulated as a compensatory mechanism.

MATCHING Indicate which fluid imbalance is being described by writing the appropriate letter in the blank using the following answer code: -Occurs with heavy vomiting.

Indicate whether the item in question is referring to regulation of ECF volume or regulation of ECF osmolarity by using the following answer code: -Depends primarily on Na⁺ balance.

Indicate whether the item in question is referring to regulation of ECF volume or regulation of ECF osmolarity by using the following answer code: -Depends primarily on H₂O balance.

Match buffer system with correct characteristic. -buffers H⁺ generated from carbonic acid