Question 1

Evaluations of the effectiveness of social support have shown that having a large number of close friends and family members

Accepted Answer

Having a large number of close friends and family members can sometimes contribute to stress due to the demands and expectations of maintaining these relationships.

Question 2

Coping is considered successful if it

Accepted Answer

Coping is considered successful if it reduces physiological, psychological arousal, and allows the person to return to prestress activities when appropriate. Therefore, the best choice is D (All of these) as it covers all three aspects of successful coping.

Question 3

On the whole,persons who provide social support to others _______________ than those who do not provide social support.

Accepted Answer

Providing social support to others has been linked to living longer, having better mental health, and better physical health. Studies have shown that individuals who engage in volunteering, caregiving, and other forms of social support tend to have lower levels of stress, depression, and anxiety, as well as reduced risks of chronic diseases such as heart disease and hypertension. Therefore, choice D is the best answer.

Question 4

Which of the following is LEAST likely to experience distress following a divorce?

Accepted Answer

Dr. Shafer, age 40, a university professor with an extensive circle of friends, is least likely to experience distress following a divorce because he has a strong support system and a fulfilling career. The other options are more likely to experience distress due to factors such as financial instability (option A), health issues (options C and D), and lack of social support (option A).

Question 5

Invisible social support

Accepted Answer

Invisible social support refers to the support that is provided without the recipient being aware of it, which can help reduce stress without the potential negative effects of feeling dependent or burdensome.

Question 6

Some research has found that negative social interactions

Accepted Answer

Research has shown that negative social interactions have a greater impact on well-being than positive interactions. Negative interactions can lead to feelings of stress, anxiety, and depression, while positive interactions may not have as strong of an impact on improving well-being.

Answer: B 
 Some research suggests that experiencing negative social interactions can act as stress inoculation, meaning it can help build resilience and coping skills for dealing with future stressors. This is often referred to as the "silver lining" of negative experiences.

Answer: D 
 This option is incorrect as research has shown that negative social interactions do impact health and well-being, even if to a lesser extent than positive interactions. Option C is also incorrect as negative social interactions can occur in any situation, including health settings.

Question 7

The idea that the effectiveness of social support is determined by the ability of an individual's social network to provide the particular types of assistance needed in times of stress is the

Accepted Answer

The matching hypothesis suggests that social support will be most effective when it matches the specific needs of an individual in times of stress. The direct effects hypothesis posits that social support has a beneficial effect on health and well-being regardless of the type of support provided, while the buffering hypothesis proposes that social support protects against the negative effects of stress.

Question 8

_______________ involves the provision of services,financial assistance,or goods.

Accepted Answer

Tangible assistance involves the provision of physical goods or services, such as offering someone a ride to an appointment or donating clothes to a charity. Monetary assistance refers specifically to financial aid, while visible support and invisible support both refer to emotional or psychological support rather than concrete actions or goods.

Question 9

A patient with AIDS decides to enter therapy.He explains that the therapist helps him in ways his friends and family cannot.Specifically,his therapist helps him find ways to cope with the disorder and understand it.This is an example of

Accepted Answer

The therapist is providing informational support by helping the patient understand and cope with his HIV/AIDS diagnosis. Personal control, tangible assistance, and emotional support may also be important aspects of therapy, but they are not specifically mentioned in this scenario.

Question 10

Research evidence suggests that social support may reduce

Accepted Answer

Research evidence suggests that social support can have a positive impact on physical health outcomes. Studies have shown that social support can reduce the likelihood of becoming ill, shorten recovery rates, and reduce mortality. Social support can have both direct and indirect effects on health outcomes, such as promoting healthy behaviors and reducing stress, which can lead to better physical health.

Question 11

,the most effective social support for men may be

Accepted Answer

The most effective social support for men is having a confidante, someone they can trust and confide in. Men tend to benefit more from having a close, intimate relationship where they can share their thoughts and feelings without fear of judgment. While a large support network, financial resources, and personal and social resources may also be helpful, having a confidante is crucial for men's mental health and well-being.

Question 12

Social support has beneficial effects on the

Accepted Answer

Social support has been found to have beneficial effects on all three systems. For example, social support has been linked with lower rates of cardiovascular disease, lower levels of stress hormones in the endocrine system, and increased production of antibodies in the immune system.

Question 13

The assurance that one is a valuable individual who is cared for is

Accepted Answer

Emotional support refers to the reassurance, concern, and caring actions provided by others that offer comfort and validation of our worth. It involves listening, providing positive feedback, and expressing empathy, which can help individuals feel valued and cared for. The other options - tangible assistance, visible support, and instrumental support- are forms of concrete, practical help rather than emotional support.

Question 14

Taking a vacation is known to be beneficial to

Accepted Answer

Taking a vacation has been shown to be particularly beneficial for middle-aged men at risk for heart disease, as it can help reduce stress and improve heart health.

Question 15

Information from others that one is loved and cared for,esteemed and valued,and part of a network of communication and mutual obligation is called

Accepted Answer

Social support refers to the information, guidance, and feedback provided by other individuals or groups that supports one's perception of being loved, valued, and cared for. It is an external resource that can help individuals cope with stress and navigate through challenging situations. Choice A, coping, refers to the various strategies and mechanisms individuals use to manage stressors. Internal resources (choice B) refer to an individual's personal qualities, including resilience, coping strategies, and self-esteem. Therefore, the best choice in this case is C - social support.

Question 16

People who are higher in socioeconomic status (SES)show

Accepted Answer

Research has consistently shown that individuals who are higher in socioeconomic status (SES) have fewer medical disorders, lower mortality rates from all causes of death, and lower rates of psychiatric disorders. This is often attributed to better access to healthcare, healthier lifestyle choices, and reduced exposure to stressors associated with poverty.

Question 17

According to the buffering hypothesis,

Accepted Answer

The buffering hypothesis suggests that individual resources (such as coping skills and social support) are not as important in coping with low levels of stress, but become increasingly important as stress levels increase. Therefore, D is the best choice since it suggests that individual resources have little effect on coping with low levels of stress but become important at high levels of stress.

Question 18

Social support from one's parents in early life _______________ in later life.

Accepted Answer

Research shows that social support from parents in early life is related to better physical and mental health outcomes in later life, including lower rates of chronic illness and psychological distress.

Question 19

Researchers investigating disclosure have found that subjects who freely express their feelings about traumatic events

Accepted Answer

Research has found that freely expressing feelings about traumatic events can lead to better physical and mental health outcomes, including a reduced risk of developing subsequent health problems.

Question 20

An important variable in understanding the mechanism by which stress is moderated by social support appears to be the manner in which social support is assessed.When social support has been measured in terms of social integration,_______________ have been found.When subjective levels of social support have been assessed,however,_______________ have been found.

Accepted Answer

When social support is measured in terms of social integration, direct effects on stress are observed. However, when subjective levels of social support are assessed, buffering effects are found, indicating that perceived support can mitigate the impact of stress.

Quiz 13: Heart Disease, hypertension, stroke, and Type Ii Diabetes