Question 1

Evan is 52 years old.Recently,he has been reflecting on the unfathomable complexity of ultimate truth and appreciating that even if we have faith in such a truth,it is unknowable.These reflections suggest that Evan has reached which of Fowler's stages of faith development?

Accepted Answer

Evan's reflection on the complexity of ultimate truth and the acknowledgement that even with faith, it is unknowable suggests that he has reached Fowler's Stage 5: Conjunctive. This stage is characterized by a recognition of paradox and the coexistence of opposing truths, and a willingness to accept the limitations of human knowledge and the mysterious nature of ultimate reality.

Question 2

Sylvia and Joanne are both members of a support group for new widows.Sylvia has been deeply religious for most of her adult life.She prays daily and attends weekly services.Joanne is not religious,but she has engaged in daily mindful meditation practice for many years.Both women seem equally devastated by the unexpected deaths of their husbands.What can you predict about how they will recover from their losses?

Accepted Answer

Both Sylvia and Joanne have daily contemplative practices, which suggests that they may both benefit from the mental and emotional benefits of these practices during their recovery from their losses. Religious or spiritual practices can provide comfort and a sense of community, but the benefits of daily practice may be more closely tied to the individual's engagement in the practice rather than their specific beliefs. Therefore, it cannot be assumed that Sylvia's religiosity will give her an advantage in recovery over Joanne's mindfulness practice.

Question 3

Which of the following tends to assure that work experiences will be linked to positive well-being?

Accepted Answer

Feeling that one is making competent progress toward challenging goals is linked to positive well-being as it provides a sense of achievement and accomplishment.

Question 4

Brenda and Louise are twin sisters who each married 20 years ago.Brenda and her husband run a small piano tuning business.They have had a small,loyal customer base,and their modest but adequate income has not changed over time.Louise and her husband each work for a corporation,and their incomes have steadily increased over the last 20 years allowing them to increase their standard of living.Assuming that Brenda and Louise began their married lives equally happy,and based on their income histories alone,what would you predict about the subjective well-being of Brenda and Louise today?

Accepted Answer

Research in psychology suggests that people adapt to their circumstances over time, a phenomenon known as the hedonic treadmill. This means that despite differences in income changes, both Brenda and Louise could have adapted to their respective financial situations, maintaining similar levels of subjective well-being.

Question 5

Kindling-behavioral sensitization describes

Accepted Answer

Kindling-behavioral sensitization refers to the process where repeated exposure to a stimulus (such as a stressor) results in an increased sensitivity or responsiveness to that stimulus. This means that the individual becomes more reactive to the stressor, and may experience more intense or frequent stress responses. This concept is often used to explain the development of mental health disorders, such as anxiety and PTSD, which can be triggered or worsened by exposure to stressful events.

Question 6

The happiest people have excellent social relationships.This is because

Accepted Answer

Studies have found that happy people tend to have better social relationships, as they are generally more outgoing, friendly, and empathetic, making it easier for them to establish and maintain relationships. Additionally, their positive mindset enables them to attract and maintain positive relationships. Therefore, Option B is the best choice.

Question 7

Marquita sees the universe as a product of intelligent planning.She believes that the creation of the universe,of life,and of human beings has a purpose even if that purpose is not accessible to her.Marquita's philosophy of the universe and its underlying plan is an example of

Accepted Answer

Marquita's belief that the universe has a purpose indicates a belief in a global meaning, a philosophical perspective that suggests that there is a larger purpose and meaning to life and the universe as a whole. Situational meaning refers to the meaning individuals give to specific situations, while eudaemonic and psychological well-being are related to an individual's sense of fulfillment and happiness in life.

Question 8

Measures of subjective well-being typically assess degree of felt happiness or positive emotion.Other measures of well-being focus more on assessing feelings of fulfillment or self-realization.The latter are indicators of what is sometimes called

Accepted Answer

The indicators of fulfillment or self-realization are commonly associated with eudaemonic well-being. Allostatic load refers to the physiological consequences of chronic stress, spirituality pertains to beliefs and practices related to the sacred or transcendent, and hedonic well-being focuses on feelings of pleasure and positive affect.

Question 9

At 50 years old,Andrew is an important source of support for his younger sister who has a serious disability.As a computer engineer,Andrew has made a practice of designing computer devices that help his sister and others in her situation interact with the wider world.Andrew sees his work as important in the lives of other people.Andrew's view of his life is an example of

Accepted Answer

The answer of At 50 years old,Andrew is an important...

Question 10

One thing that both Eastern and Western religions share is that they promote

Accepted Answer

Both Eastern and Western religions promote the regulation of negative or destructive emotions. In Eastern religions, this is often achieved through practices such as meditation and mindfulness, while in Western religions it can be achieved through prayer and repentance.

Question 11

"Spiritual transcendence" may be

Accepted Answer

Spiritual transcendence is considered a sixth personality trait that involves a sense of connection to something beyond oneself, including a higher power or greater reality. It is not limited to any specific gender or faith tradition, and it is not inherently negative or associated with the dark side of religion.

Question 12

The "American paradox" refers to

Accepted Answer

The "American paradox" refers to the apparent contradiction between increasing rates of depression and anxiety despite rising levels of wealth and material prosperity in American society. This trend has been observed over the past several decades and is the subject of ongoing research and analysis. While there are likely many factors contributing to this paradox, some have suggested that the emphasis on individual achievement and success in American culture may contribute to feelings of isolation and disconnection, which can in turn lead to mental health issues.

Question 13

Tyrone is a 35-year-old advertising executive.Lately,he has been experiencing some physical symptoms,like shortness of breath and difficulty sleeping.He explains to a counselor that he has been having more difficulty dealing with his work and family responsibilities.A comprehensive intake interview reveals that Tyrone's mother suffered from a diagnosed affective disorder.This piece of information might indicate the presence of

Accepted Answer

The fact that Tyrone's mother suffered from an affective disorder suggests the possibility of a genetic vulnerability or diathesis for such disorders in Tyrone's family. A diathesis is a preexisting susceptibility to a disorder or condition, which, when combined with environmental stressors, can increase the likelihood of symptoms or the onset of the disorder. The other options (B, C, and D) are not relevant to this scenario.

Question 14

Which of the following has not been proposed as a reason why people seek meaning in their lives?

Accepted Answer

Finding meaning in life helps people feel a sense of purpose and belonging, it gives them direction and helps them understand their place in the world. However, feeling superior to others is not a commonly proposed reason for seeking meaning. In fact, this belief may actually hinder one's ability to find true meaning, as it suggests a focus on external validation rather than internal fulfillment.

Question 15

Daniel is very extraverted.He admits that he is not comfortable unless surrounded by other people,and he energetically pursues activities that require the company of others.His cousin Bill,about the same age,is very introverted.Bill is self-reflective and prefers more solitary pursuits.Regardless of their personality characteristics,which of the following is likely to contribute most to their long-term happiness?

Accepted Answer

The presence of positive relationships and social support, such as being good friends who are willing to help each other in difficult times, has consistently been found to be a key predictor of long-term happiness, regardless of personality characteristics. Winning a lottery or having easy jobs and avoiding responsibilities may bring temporary pleasure, but they are not sustainable sources of long-term happiness.

Question 16

Anna must care for children as well as a sick loved one on a day-to-day basis.She also needs to keep her job.This situation places her under considerable stress.Coping of this type is called coping with

Accepted Answer

Anna is dealing with daily stressors and responsibilities, which are considered daily hassles.

Question 17

Spirituality and religiosity

Accepted Answer

Spirituality and religiosity both involve a search for the sacred, but spirituality is often seen as more individual and subjective, while religiosity is more structured and formalized, involving affiliation with a specific religious community and adherence to its beliefs and practices. Neither necessarily involves a covenant faith community or creates a social identity, as these can vary depending on the individual's beliefs and practices.

Question 18

Anna is a 44-year-old divorced mother of two teenagers.Anna's father,who lives alone in a nearby suburb,has recently been diagnosed with lung cancer.Anna needs to take her father to and from medical appointments while she tries to manage the demands of her own full-time job.She goes to the employee assistance counselor at work for help in coping with the demands of her situation.The counselor understands that the demands on Anna are too great given her available resources,a phenomenon called

Accepted Answer

Anna is experiencing role strain, which occurs when the demands of a particular role exceed an individual's available resources to fulfill those demands. In this case, Anna is struggling to balance the demands of her job and the care of her father. Role buffering refers to the support that individuals receive from others to help them cope with the demands of a role, while role confusion occurs when one is uncertain about the expectations or requirements of a particular role. Role multiplicity refers to the experience of occupying multiple roles simultaneously.

Question 19

In Ryan and Deci's self-determination theory,the fundamental psychological needs they described include

Accepted Answer

Ryan and Deci's self-determination theory describes the fundamental psychological needs of humans as autonomy, competence, and relatedness. The other choices listed (adequate shelter, freedom from fear, and generativity) are not included in this theory as fundamental psychological needs.

Question 20

Daniel is very extraverted.He admits that he is not comfortable unless surrounded by other people,and he energetically pursues activities that require the company of others.His cousin Bill,about the same age,is very introverted.Bill is self-reflective and prefers more solitary pursuits.Based on these personality characteristics alone,what can you predict about the subjective well-being of Daniel and Bill?

Accepted Answer

Research has consistently shown that extraverted individuals tend to report higher levels of subjective well-being compared to introverted individuals. This is likely because extraverts have a greater number of social connections and opportunities for enjoyable activities with others, which can lead to feelings of happiness and fulfillment. Therefore, it can be predicted that Daniel is probably happier than Bill based on their personality characteristics.

Quiz 14: Living Well: Stress, coping, and Life Satisfaction in Adulthood