Question 1

An important figure in American law enforcement appointed in the 1930s as the Director of the Bureau of Investigation was known as

Accepted Answer

J. Edgar Hoover was appointed as the Director of the Bureau of Investigation (later renamed the Federal Bureau of Investigation) in 1935, and served in that position until his death in 1972. He played a significant role in shaping the FBI into the organization it is today, and became a controversial figure due to his tactics and methods as the head of the agency.

Question 2

The two most important law enforcement agencies that appeared before World War I were

Accepted Answer

The state police and Federal Bureau of Investigation are the two most important law enforcement agencies that appeared before World War I. The state police were formed in the early 1900s, while the FBI was formed in 1908 under the name Bureau of Investigation. Both agencies played crucial roles in maintaining law and order in the United States in the years leading up to and during World War I.

Question 3

During the nineteenth century, a major issue for political reformers of police was

Accepted Answer

Corruption was a major issue for political reformers of police during the nineteenth century. Many police officers were accepting bribes and engaging in other illegal activities, which undermined public trust in the police force. Reformers pushed for greater accountability and oversight to combat corruption. While issues like training and organizational professionalism were also concerns, corruption was the primary focus for reformers during this time period.

Question 4

The failure of police reform is attributed to

Accepted Answer

Police corruption is a significant factor that can lead to the failure of police reform efforts. Corruption within the police force undermines attempts to implement changes and improvements, as corrupt officers and practices persist despite reform efforts.

Question 5

In the twentieth century, the two principal forces that underwent dramatic change were

Accepted Answer

The question asks for the two principal forces that underwent dramatic change in the twentieth century, and the only option that directly addresses this is D. Police professionalism and communications technology saw significant advancements during the twentieth century, with the introduction of community policing, better training and education for officers, and the use of new technologies like radios, computers, and forensic tools. Therefore, D is the best choice.

Question 6

One of the most dramatic expressions of the new police subculture was the emergence of

Accepted Answer

Police unions were formed to protect the interests of police officers and advocate for their rights in the workplace. This reflected a shift towards a more collective identity and a desire for greater representation within the police organization. This is a clear sign of the emergence of a new police subculture. B, C, and D are not as directly related to the emergence of a new police subculture as police unions are.

Question 7

Almost every other country in the world has a centralized, national police force.In American policing there is a tradition of

Accepted Answer

American policing has a long-standing tradition of local control, where individual communities have their own police departments that are responsible for maintaining law and order within their respective jurisdictions. This decentralized approach to policing has been deeply ingrained in American law enforcement and is considered an integral part of American democracy. While there have been calls for a centralized, national police force, the idea has not gained much traction due to concerns about federal overreach and loss of local control.

Question 8

Communications technologies like the two-way radio and the telephone changed policing by

Accepted Answer

Communications technologies like the two-way radio and the telephone have greatly changed policing by altering the nature of police-citizen contacts and police management. With these technologies, police can communicate quickly and efficiently, coordinate responses to emergencies and crimes, and keep better track of their officers' whereabouts and activities. Additionally, the telephone allows citizens to report crimes and emergencies quickly and anonymously, improving police response times and increasing the likelihood of arrests.

Question 9

American policing is a product of

Accepted Answer

American policing is heavily influenced by the English heritage, specifically the system of watch and ward, and the creation of the first paid, professional police force in London in 1829. The early American colonies also had similar systems of watchmen and constables, which were later formalized into police departments in the 19th century. While there have been changes and improvements in policing since then, the roots of American policing can be traced back to its English origins.

Question 10

Although professionalization introduced a number of changes in policing, one of the forgotten entities remained the

Accepted Answer

The rank and file officer, or the regular police officer, was often overlooked during the professionalization process. Reforms tended to focus on the leadership and administrative aspects of policing, while the daily duties and concerns of patrol officers were largely ignored.

Question 11

In the nineteenth century, the one major component that influenced every aspect of American policing was

Accepted Answer

Politics had a major influence on American policing during the nineteenth century. This was because police departments were often controlled by politicians, who used them to maintain their power and influence. Political corruption was also prevalent during this period, leading to a lack of trust in law enforcement by the public. Additionally, politics played a role in shaping the laws and policies that police were responsible for enforcing.

Question 12

The policing strategy that police should develop partnerships with neighborhood residents, develop programs for specific problems, lower the decision making in the chain of command is known as

Accepted Answer

Community policing is a strategy that involves the police working in partnership with community residents to identify and address crime and disorder problems. This approach emphasizes communication, problem solving, and building trust between police officers and community members. It also involves the development of programs and initiatives that are tailored to the specific needs and concerns of individual neighborhoods. At the heart of community policing is the belief that public safety is everyone's responsibility, and that police officers and community members must work together in order to create safer and more livable communities.

Question 13

The early method of policing used to guard against fires, crime, and disorder throughout different parts of the day was known as the

Accepted Answer

The early method of policing used to guard against fires, crime, and disorder throughout different parts of the day was known as the "watch." Members of the community would take turns staying up and patrolling the streets, looking for any signs of trouble or danger. This was known as the watch system.

Question 14

The "father" of modern policing is known as

Accepted Answer

Robert Peel is known as the "father" of modern policing. As the Home Secretary of England in the early 1800s, he reorganized and professionalized the London police force and established the principles of policing by consent, community policing, and preventive patrol. His reforms served as a model for modern police forces around the world. August Vollmer, while an influential figure in American policing, is known as the "father" of modern police education and training. Darryl Gates was the chief of the Los Angeles Police Department during the 1980s and is known for developing the controversial "Daryl Gates' theory of police work." Theodore Roosevelt was a U.S. president and supporter of progressive-reform movements, including some police reforms, but he is not considered the "father" of modern policing.

Question 15

The "father" of American police professionalism is known as

Accepted Answer

August Vollmer is widely recognized as the "father" of American police professionalism. He introduced the use of scientific methods in policing, emphasized the importance of education and training for police officers, and promoted the idea of police as community servants. His ideas and contributions have influenced policing in the United States for over a century.

Question 16

In response to the rise of crime and violence against police officers in the late nineteenth century, the police were issued as standard equipment

Accepted Answer

The rise of crime and violence against police officers in the late nineteenth century led to the issuance of firearms as standard equipment to provide officers with a means of protecting themselves and civilians. Tasers were not yet invented during this time period, vehicles were not commonly used by police until the early twentieth century, and while tactical training manuals were likely utilized, they were not issued as standard equipment.

Question 17

One of the more famous studies testing the effect of different levels of patrol on crime that challenged the traditional assumptions about policing was the

Accepted Answer

The Kansas City Preventive Patrol Experiment is the study that challenged traditional assumptions about policing by testing the effect of different levels of patrol on crime. It found that increasing or decreasing patrol had no significant impact on crime rates. This study was conducted in the 1970s and is considered a landmark in the field of policing research.

Question 18

During the political era of American policing, local politicians rewarded their friends with jobs on the police force.This practice was known as

Accepted Answer

Patronage is the practice of giving jobs and other favors to friends and supporters, often for political reasons. This was common during the political era of American policing, where politicians would reward their allies with positions in the police force. It often led to corruption and inefficiency within law enforcement agencies.

Question 19

The romanticized public image of police officers in the nineteenth century is actually

Accepted Answer

The romanticized public image of police officers in the nineteenth century is inaccurate. While there were certainly heroic and honorable members of law enforcement during this time, there were also many problems with corruption, brutality, and inefficiency within police departments. The idealized image of police officers as noble and virtuous defenders of justice only tells part of the story.

Question 20

Which of the following statements characterizes the professionalization movement of police reform through the 1960s?

Accepted Answer

The professionalization movement of police reform through the 1960s sought to define policing as a profession, eliminate the influence of politics on policing, and argued in favor of hiring qualified chief executives to head police departments. Therefore, option D is correct.

Quiz 2: The History of the American Police