Question 1

According to the text, gay and lesbian police officers challenge

Accepted Answer

The text mentions that gay and lesbian police officers challenge stereotypes involving the macho nature of police work. They push back against the notion that all police officers must be hypermasculine and aggressive, and instead offer a different perspective on what it means to be a capable and effective officer. However, the text does not mention recruiting practices or heterosexual power in the hierarchy as specific issues that these officers are challenging.

Question 2

The conduct that involves not testifying against other officers accused of misconduct is known as

Accepted Answer

The conduct that involves not testifying against other officers accused of misconduct is known as the code of silence. It is a common practice among some law enforcement officers to protect their colleagues from facing consequences for their actions. This behavior contributes to the lack of police accountability and perpetuates a culture of misconduct within police departments.

Question 3

A result of public hostility and group solidarity is

Accepted Answer

Public hostility and group solidarity can lead to secrecy, as members of the group may feel the need to protect themselves from outside threats.

Question 4

Another shock to police officers involves their experiences within the criminal justice system.Police officers get to see how the system works as they are a(n)

Accepted Answer

Police officers are insiders in the criminal justice system as they work within it and have firsthand experiences with how it works. They may see flaws, biases, or inefficiencies in the system that they may not have been aware of before.

Question 5

Unwanted sexual advances, offensive sexually-related behavior, or discrimination in assignments or promotion is the conduct known as

Accepted Answer

Unwanted sexual advances, offensive sexually-related behavior, or discrimination in assignments or promotion are all examples of sexual harassment.

Question 6

Officers hired in one decade often have ideas and lifestyles different from those of officers hired in another decade.This phenomenon, which can generate conflicts within police departments, is known as the

Accepted Answer

The cohort effect refers to the idea that individuals who enter a profession or organization during a particular time period (or cohort) may have different values, attitudes, and behaviors than those who entered during a different time period. This can lead to conflicts and tensions within the organization, including police departments. The other answer choices (B) generation effect, (C) rookie effect, and (D) fraternal effect are not as commonly used or recognized terms in describing this phenomenon.

Question 7

Community policing is a major effort to

Accepted Answer

Community policing aims to build better relationships and trust between the police and the community, which can improve police attitudes towards the public.

Question 8

The close bond the officer achieve in working together, experiencing public hostility, and other uncertainties fosters a strong sense of

Accepted Answer

The sentence is discussing the camaraderie built between officers through shared experiences such as public hostility and uncertain situations, which creates a sense of group solidarity or a strong sense of brotherhood/sisterhood among the officers. Option B, "group solidarity," best describes this sense of camaraderie. Options A, C, and D could also be seen as somewhat related concepts, but they do not best capture the idea presented in the sentence.

Question 9

In many departments, a certain level of tension and conflict exists between racial, ethnic, and gender groups.Officers believed they were being discriminated against because

Accepted Answer

The perceived promotion and assignment preferences going to minorities who were less qualified suggests a belief that discrimination based on race or ethnicity is occurring. This could lead to tension and conflict between different groups within the department. Option A may also contribute to tension but is a specific circumstance rather than a general cause. Option B is not mentioned in relation to discrimination or tension in the department. Option D is speculation and not supported by any evidence in the given information.

Question 10

Officers with more experience have priority on assignments leaving the least desirable assignments to the new officers. This is the principle of

Accepted Answer

Seniority dictates that officers who have been with the department longer have priority on assignments, including those that are more desirable or prestigious. This system is often used to reward dedication and longevity within the department, but it can also lead to frustration among newer officers who may feel that they are being unfairly overlooked.

Question 11

Obstacles to the career advancement of women officers is commonly known as the

Accepted Answer

The term "glass ceiling" refers to the invisible barriers that prevent women from advancing to higher positions in the workplace, including in the military. This obstacle is often the result of gender discrimination and biases, and can lead to a lack of diversity in leadership roles. The other options (ERS, WB, job barrier) do not accurately describe this specific obstacle to women's career advancement in the military.

Question 12

Much of the changes in officer attitudes is partly the result of encountering

Accepted Answer

The answer of Much of the changes in officer attitudes...

Question 13

Research has shown that white and African American officers utilized deadly force (fired their weapons)

Accepted Answer

Research has shown that white and African American officers utilized deadly force at the same rate. Other studies have shown that the rates of use of deadly force are highly dependent on situational factors, such as the level of threat, the presence of weapons, and the number of officers involved.

Question 14

The rude awakening a new officer encounters about the unpleasant aspects of dealing with the public is referred to as

Accepted Answer

Reality shock is the term used to describe the often-unpleasant experience new officers encounter when they start dealing with the public. It refers to the awakening new officers have about the challenging and sometimes dangerous aspects of the job that they may not have been prepared for in their training or education. It can be a difficult period of adjustment, as officers learn to balance their duty to protect and serve with the realities of dealing with people in high-stress situations. The other answer choices do not accurately describe this phenomenon.

Question 15

The disillusionment that new officers experienced with their own department is the discovery of

Accepted Answer

The answer of The disillusionment that new officers experienced with...

Question 16

The educational levels of police officers have also been rising steadily.Now, not only is there a generation gap between the younger, better educated officers and the veteran officers with less education; there is also a(n)

Accepted Answer

The answer of The educational levels of police officers have...

Question 17

The difference between the younger, better educated officers and the veteran officers with less education is termed

Accepted Answer

The term "education generation gap" accurately describes the difference between younger, better-educated officers and veteran officers with less education within a police force or similar organization. This gap highlights the differences in perspectives, approaches, and attitudes towards policing that can exist between these two groups, often influenced by their educational backgrounds.

Question 18

Research by the Police Foundation indicates that African American officers are generally more conscious of

Accepted Answer

The Police Foundation research indicates that African American officers are generally more conscious of community and force issues. Though physical fitness and race issues may also be important to them, the research suggests that community and force issues are a stronger area of concern for African American officers. The other options, including poverty and education issues, and entitlement and housing issues, are not mentioned in the research as being areas where African American officers are more conscious.

Question 19

A controversial study by the National Center for Women in Policing (NCWP) asserts that departments should hire more women officers because

Accepted Answer

The NCWP study suggests that female officers are less likely to use excessive force, which is a key reason for advocating the hiring of more women in policing.

Question 20

Civil rights leaders have urged police departments to hire more African American and Hispanic officers as a way to improve

Accepted Answer

Civil rights leaders have urged police departments to hire more African American and Hispanic officers as a way to improve police-community relations. This is because having officers who come from and understand the communities they serve can help build trust and reduce racial tensions between law enforcement and citizens. This, in turn, can lead to more effective crime prevention efforts as well.

Quiz 6: Police Ofﬁcers II: on the Job