Question 1

Consider the following phase diagram and identify the process occurring as one goes from point C to point D.

Accepted Answer

B

Question 2

Examine the following phase diagram and identify the feature represented by point A.

Accepted Answer

Point A represents the triple point, which is the conditions at which all three phases (solid, liquid, and gas) of a substance coexist in thermodynamic equilibrium. At the triple point, the substance can exist in three different states at the same pressure and temperature.

Question 3

Diethyl ether,used as a solvent for extraction of organic compounds from aqueous solutions,has a high vapor pressure which makes it a potential fire hazard in laboratories in which it is used.How much energy is released when 100.0 g is cooled from 53.0°C to 10.0°C?

Accepted Answer

E

Question 4

Examine the following phase diagram and identify the feature represented by point B.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Examine the following phase diagram and identify...

Question 5

Neon condenses due to

Accepted Answer

Neon is a noble gas and exists as individual atoms. Therefore, the only type of intermolecular force that can exist between neon atoms is London dispersion forces. These forces are the result of temporary dipoles that form due to fluctuations in electron distribution, which causes a momentary imbalance of electron density. These temporary dipoles induce temporary dipoles in neighboring neon atoms, resulting in weak attractive forces that cause the atoms to condense into a liquid state at very low temperatures.

Question 6

Examine the following phase diagram and determine what phase exists at point F.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Examine the following phase diagram and determine...

Question 7

Examine the phase diagram for the substance Bogusium (Bo)and select the correct statement.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Examine the phase diagram for the substance...

Question 8

Octane has a vapor pressure of 40.torr at 45.1°C and 400.torr at 104.0°C.What is its heat of vaporization?

Accepted Answer

The Clausius-Clapeyron equation can be used to calculate the heat of vaporization:ln(P2/P1) = -ΔHvap/R * (1/T2 - 1/T1)where P1 and T1 are the vapor pressure and temperature at the first point, and P2 and T2 are the vapor pressure and temperature at the second point.Plugging in the values given in the question, we get:ln(400/40) = -ΔHvap/R * (1/377 - 1/318)Solving for ΔHvap, we get:ΔHvap = 46.0 kJ/molTherefore, the correct answer is A.

Question 9

In hydrogen iodide __________________ are the most important intermolecular forces.

Accepted Answer

The answer of In hydrogen iodide __________________ are the most...

Question 10

Pentane,C₅H₁₂,boils at 35°C.Which of the following is true about kinetic energy,E_k,and potential energy,E_p,when liquid pentane at 35°C is compared with pentane vapor at 35°C?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Pentane,C₅H₁₂,boils at 35°C.Which of the following is...

Question 11

Liquid sodium can be used as a heat transfer fluid.Its vapor pressure is 40.0 torr at 633°C and 400.0 torr at 823°C.Calculate its heat of vaporization.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Liquid sodium can be used as a...

Question 12

Liquid ammonia (boiling point = -33.4°C)can be used as a refrigerant and heat transfer fluid.How much energy is needed to heat 25.0 g of NH₃(l)from -65.0°C to -12.0°C?

Accepted Answer

To calculate the energy needed to heat the ammonia, we need to use the specific heat capacity formula:
q = m*c*ΔT
where q is the energy needed, m is the mass of the ammonia (25.0 g), c is the specific heat capacity of ammonia (4.7 J/(g°C)), and ΔT is the change in temperature (in this case, -12.0°C - (-65.0°C) = 53.0°C).

Plugging in the values:
q = (25.0 g)(4.7 J/(g°C))(53.0°C) = 6,242.5 J = 6.24 kJ (rounded to two decimal places)

Therefore, the best choice is C) 39 kJ, as it is the closest answer choice to our calculated value.

Question 13

Octane is a component of fuel used in internal combustion engines.The dominant intermolecular forces in octane are

Accepted Answer

Octane is a hydrocarbon with only carbon-carbon and carbon-hydrogen covalent bonds, so there are no dipole moments or hydrogen bonding present. The dominant intermolecular force in octane is London dispersion forces, which arise due to temporary dipoles formed by the motion of electrons in the molecule.

Question 14

Which one of the following quantities is generally not obtainable from a single heating or cooling curve of a substance,measured at atmospheric pressure?

Accepted Answer

The triple point of a substance is the temperature and pressure at which solid, liquid, and gas phases coexist in equilibrium. It cannot be determined from a single heating or cooling curve of the substance, measured at atmospheric pressure, as it requires knowledge of the equilibrium conditions of all three phases. The melting point (A), boiling point (B), heat of fusion (D), and heat of vaporization (E) can all be obtained from a single heating or cooling curve.

Question 15

Ammonia's unusually high melting point is the result of

Accepted Answer

Ammonia molecules are polar due to the nitrogen atom having a higher electronegativity than the hydrogen atoms. As a result, the ammonia molecules can form hydrogen bonds between their N-H groups. These hydrogen bonds hold the molecules together in a lattice structure, which requires a large amount of energy to break apart, resulting in a high melting point.

Question 16

Which of the following is true about kinetic energy,E_k,and potential energy,E_p,when ethyl alcohol at 40°C is compared with ethyl alcohol at 20°C?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which of the following is true about...

Question 17

A sample of octane in equilibrium with its vapor in a closed 1.0-L container has a vapor pressure of 50.0 torr at 45°C.The container's volume is increased to 2.0 L at constant temperature and the liquid/vapor equilibrium is reestablished.What is the vapor pressure?

Accepted Answer

The vapor pressure of a liquid in equilibrium with its vapor depends only on the temperature, not on the volume of the container.

Question 18

Which of the following atoms should have the greatest polarizability?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which of the following atoms should have...

Question 19

The phase diagram for xenon has a solid-liquid curve with a positive slope.Which of the following is true?

Accepted Answer

The positive slope of the solid-liquid curve on a phase diagram indicates that the solid phase (solid xenon) has a higher density than the liquid phase (liquid xenon). Therefore, choice A is correct. Choice B is incorrect because the solid phase is denser than the liquid phase. Choice C is incorrect because the phase diagram can be used to predict which phase is denser based on the slope of the curve. Choice D is irrelevant to the question. Therefore, the final answer is A.

Question 20

When the electron cloud of a molecule is easily distorted,the molecule has a high

Accepted Answer

When the electron cloud of a molecule is easily distorted, it means that the molecule's electrons are not held tightly to their respective nuclei, and hence the electron cloud can be easily distorted by external electric fields. This property is known as polarizability, where a molecule with high polarizability can undergo large distortions in its electron cloud. Hence, choice B is the best answer.

Quiz 12: Intermolecular Forces: Liquids,solids,and Phase Changes

Consider the following phase diagram and identify the process occurring as one goes from point C to point D.

Examine the following phase diagram and identify the feature represented by point A.

Diethyl ether,used as a solvent for extraction of organic compounds from aqueous solutions,has a high vapor pressure which makes it a potential fire hazard in laboratories in which it is used.How much energy is released when 100.0 g is cooled from 53.0°C to 10.0°C?

Examine the following phase diagram and identify the feature represented by point B.

Neon condenses due to

Examine the following phase diagram and determine what phase exists at point F.

Examine the phase diagram for the substance Bogusium (Bo) and select the correct statement.

Octane has a vapor pressure of 40.torr at 45.1°C and 400.torr at 104.0°C.What is its heat of vaporization?

In hydrogen iodide __________________ are the most important intermolecular forces.

Pentane,C₅H₁₂,boils at 35°C.Which of the following is true about kinetic energy,E_k,and potential energy,E_p,when liquid pentane at 35°C is compared with pentane vapor at 35°C?

Liquid sodium can be used as a heat transfer fluid.Its vapor pressure is 40.0 torr at 633°C and 400.0 torr at 823°C.Calculate its heat of vaporization.

Liquid ammonia (boiling point = -33.4°C) can be used as a refrigerant and heat transfer fluid.How much energy is needed to heat 25.0 g of NH₃(l) from -65.0°C to -12.0°C?

Octane is a component of fuel used in internal combustion engines.The dominant intermolecular forces in octane are

Which one of the following quantities is generally not obtainable from a single heating or cooling curve of a substance,measured at atmospheric pressure?

Ammonia's unusually high melting point is the result of

Which of the following is true about kinetic energy,E_k,and potential energy,E_p,when ethyl alcohol at 40°C is compared with ethyl alcohol at 20°C?

A sample of octane in equilibrium with its vapor in a closed 1.0-L container has a vapor pressure of 50.0 torr at 45°C.The container's volume is increased to 2.0 L at constant temperature and the liquid/vapor equilibrium is reestablished.What is the vapor pressure?

Which of the following atoms should have the greatest polarizability?

The phase diagram for xenon has a solid-liquid curve with a positive slope.Which of the following is true?

When the electron cloud of a molecule is easily distorted,the molecule has a high

Quiz 12: Intermolecular Forces: Liquids,solids,and Phase Changes

Consider the following phase diagram and identify the process occurring as one goes from point C to point D.

Examine the following phase diagram and identify the feature represented by point A.

Diethyl ether,used as a solvent for extraction of organic compounds from aqueous solutions,has a high vapor pressure which makes it a potential fire hazard in laboratories in which it is used.How much energy is released when 100.0 g is cooled from 53.0°C to 10.0°C?

Examine the following phase diagram and identify the feature represented by point B.

Neon condenses due to

Examine the following phase diagram and determine what phase exists at point F.

Examine the phase diagram for the substance Bogusium (Bo) and select the correct statement.

Octane has a vapor pressure of 40.torr at 45.1°C and 400.torr at 104.0°C.What is its heat of vaporization?

In hydrogen iodide __________________ are the most important intermolecular forces.

Pentane,C5H12,boils at 35°C.Which of the following is true about kinetic energy,Ek,and potential energy,Ep,when liquid pentane at 35°C is compared with pentane vapor at 35°C?

Liquid sodium can be used as a heat transfer fluid.Its vapor pressure is 40.0 torr at 633°C and 400.0 torr at 823°C.Calculate its heat of vaporization.

Liquid ammonia (boiling point = -33.4°C) can be used as a refrigerant and heat transfer fluid.How much energy is needed to heat 25.0 g of NH3(l) from -65.0°C to -12.0°C?

Octane is a component of fuel used in internal combustion engines.The dominant intermolecular forces in octane are

Which one of the following quantities is generally not obtainable from a single heating or cooling curve of a substance,measured at atmospheric pressure?

Ammonia's unusually high melting point is the result of

Which of the following is true about kinetic energy,Ek,and potential energy,Ep,when ethyl alcohol at 40°C is compared with ethyl alcohol at 20°C?

A sample of octane in equilibrium with its vapor in a closed 1.0-L container has a vapor pressure of 50.0 torr at 45°C.The container's volume is increased to 2.0 L at constant temperature and the liquid/vapor equilibrium is reestablished.What is the vapor pressure?

Which of the following atoms should have the greatest polarizability?

The phase diagram for xenon has a solid-liquid curve with a positive slope.Which of the following is true?

When the electron cloud of a molecule is easily distorted,the molecule has a high

Pentane,C₅H₁₂,boils at 35°C.Which of the following is true about kinetic energy,E_k,and potential energy,E_p,when liquid pentane at 35°C is compared with pentane vapor at 35°C?

Liquid ammonia (boiling point = -33.4°C) can be used as a refrigerant and heat transfer fluid.How much energy is needed to heat 25.0 g of NH₃(l) from -65.0°C to -12.0°C?

Which of the following is true about kinetic energy,E_k,and potential energy,E_p,when ethyl alcohol at 40°C is compared with ethyl alcohol at 20°C?