Question 1

Which two different terms best describe Schachter and Singer's theory of emotion?
A)arousal and physiology
B)behavior and genetics
C)arousal and context
D)nature and nurture

Accepted Answer

Schachter and Singer's theory of emotion is also known as the Two-Factor Theory, which emphasizes the role of both physiological arousal and cognitive interpretation of the situation in determining emotions. Therefore, the terms arousal and context best describe this theory since it suggests that while physiological arousal is a necessary component of emotions, it is the context or interpretation of the arousal that determines the actual emotional experience.

Question 2

Erica saw her old boyfriend and her heart began to race.According to cognitive theory,is she happy to see him or frightened of him?
A)She is frightened because her emotional reaction came before her heart began to race.
B)You cannot tell because she is not displaying a basic emotion.
C)It depends on how she interprets the situation.
D)She must be frightened because her heart began to race before she reacted emotionally.

Accepted Answer

According to cognitive theory, emotions are a result of our interpretation of a situation or event. Therefore, it is not possible to determine if Erica is happy or frightened based solely on her physical reaction of a racing heart. It depends on how she interprets the situation, such as if she has positive or negative associations with her old boyfriend.

Question 3

The idea that bodily arousal and the experience of emotion arise in tandem forms the essence of ________.
A)LeDoux's theory
B)cognitive theory
C)James-Lange theory
D)Cannon-Bard theory

Accepted Answer

The Cannon-Bard theory posits that we experience physiological arousal and emotional feelings at the same time, not one causing the other.

Question 4

The __________ theory of emotion states that the experience of emotion occurs simultaneously with biological changes.
A)Cannon-Bard theory
B)James-Lange
C)Plutchik
D)Schachter and Singer

Accepted Answer

The Cannon-Bard theory posits that emotions and physiological responses occur simultaneously, rather than one causing the other.

Question 5

Which statement reflects the core idea of the facial feedback hypothesis?
A)Men do not express emotion via the face.
B)Facial features have no connection with emotion.
C)Information from facial muscles intensifies emotional experiences.
D)When one facial expression occurs,we quickly register its opposite on the face.

Accepted Answer

The core idea of the facial feedback hypothesis is that information from facial muscles intensifies emotional experiences.

Question 6

"I think I'm afraid; therefore,I am afraid." Name the theory of emotion that this statement characterizes.
A)the James-Lange theory
B)activation theory
C)cognitive arousal theory
D)the Cannon-Bard theory

Accepted Answer

The statement reflects the cognitive arousal theory, which suggests that emotions are experienced based on an individual's cognitive interpretation of physiological arousal. The statement implies that the individual's fear is based on their interpretation of their own physical sensations rather than the physical sensations themselves, which aligns with the cognitive arousal theory.

Question 7

Seeing a snake,and then simultaneously running away from it and becoming frightened,is the sequence of events postulated by __________ theory.
A)Plutchik's
B)the James-Lange
C)the Cannon-Bard theory
D)Schachter and Singer's

Accepted Answer

The answer of Seeing a snake,and then simultaneously running away...

Question 8

Schachter and Singer proposed that two things have to happen before emotion occurs: _________ and __________.
A)physical arousal; fight or flight
B)cognition; behavior
C)physical arousal; labeling
D)behavior; physical arousal

Accepted Answer

Schachter and Singer's two-factor theory of emotion states that physical arousal and labeling or interpreting that arousal is necessary for emotion to occur. This means that people must first experience some type of physiological response such as an increased heart rate or sweating, and then they must label or interpret that response in order to experience an emotion.

Question 9

You are walking in the forest and see a bear.According to the Cannon-Bard theory,what happens next?
A)You experience physiological changes followed by fear.
B)You feel fear followed by physiological changes.
C)You experience physiological changes and a feeling of fear simultaneously.
D)You experience physiological changes and context appraisal followed by fear.

Accepted Answer

According to the Cannon-Bard theory, an emotion-provoking event activates both the physiological responses and the subjective experience of emotions simultaneously. Therefore, when encountering a bear, the individual would experience physiological changes (e.g. increased heart rate, sweating) as well as a feeling of fear simultaneously.

Question 10

The frequent finding that asthmatics often experience shortness of breath concurrently with tremendous anxiety is an example of how emotions and physiological symptoms often occur simultaneously.As such,it supports which of the following theories of emotion?
A)Plutchik's
B)James-Lange
C)Cannon-Bard theory
D)Schachter and Singer's

Accepted Answer

The Cannon-Bard theory proposes that emotions and physiological arousal occur simultaneously and independently, meaning that one does not cause the other. This is supported by the example provided where asthmatics experience shortness of breath and anxiety at the same time, suggesting that the physiological symptoms and emotional experiences are separate but occur together.

Question 11

Lashley (1938)stated that the thalamus would have to be pretty sophisticated to make sense of all the possible emotions and relay them to the proper areas of the cortex and body.Which theory of emotion was Lashley criticizing?
A)Plutchik's
B)James-Lange
C)Cannon-Bard theory
D)Schachter and Singer's

Accepted Answer

Lashley's statement criticizes the Cannon-Bard theory, which suggests that emotion and physical arousal occur simultaneously, rather than the thalamus sorting and relaying emotions to the proper areas of the cortex and body.

Question 12

What is the correct sequence of events in emotional response according to the Cannon-Bard theory?
A)stimulus --> emotion --> physiological changes
B)stimulus --> physiological changes --> emotion
C)physiological changes --> stimulus --> emotion
D)stimulus --> emotion AND physiological changes (simultaneous)

Accepted Answer

According to the Cannon-Bard theory, emotions and physiological changes occur simultaneously in response to a stimulus. Therefore, the correct sequence of events is stimulus --> emotion AND physiological changes (simultaneous).

Question 13

Which theory maintains that emotion is caused by the interaction of physiological changes and the cognitive labeling of the reason for the physical reaction?
A)the James-Lange theory
B)activation theory
C)cognitive arousal theory
D)the Cannon-Bard theory

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which theory maintains that emotion is caused...

Question 14

Physical arousal has to be interpreted cognitively before it is experienced as a specific emotion,according to ____________.
A)Plutchik
B)the James-Lange theory
C)the Cannon-Bard theory
D)Schachter and Singer

Accepted Answer

Schachter and Singer's two-factor theory asserts that physical arousal must be interpreted cognitively in order for it to be experienced as a specific emotion. Specifically, the theory suggests that first we experience a physical response to a stimulus, then we use contextual cues to interpret that arousal as a particular emotion.

Question 15

One of the problems associated with asthma is that once patients experience difficulty breathing,they often make their symptoms worse by concentrating on them and/or worrying about them.Consequently,many doctors include relaxation exercises as part of a treatment program to prevent patients from making their asthmatic reactions worse.This example of how our awareness of physiological changes can influence or even cause subsequent emotions is most supportive of which of the following theories of emotion?
A)Plutchik
B)Cannon-Bard
C)James-Lange
D)Yerkes-Dodson

Accepted Answer

This example is most supportive of the James-Lange theory of emotion because it suggests that awareness of physiological changes (difficulty breathing) can influence subsequent emotions (worrying), indicating that physiological responses precede and cause emotional experiences. The Cannon-Bard theory posits that physiological responses and emotional experiences occur simultaneously, while the Plutchik and Yerkes-Dodson theories focus on other aspects of emotional experience.

Question 16

Which is the best explanation of the Cannon-Bard theory?
A)Bodily arousal occurs before emotional response.
B)Emotions arise from learned triggers.
C)Emotion is nothing but a reflexive response based on instincts.
D)Bodily arousal and emotional experience occur simultaneously.

Accepted Answer

The Cannon-Bard theory states that bodily arousal and emotional experience occur simultaneously, rather than arousal preceding the emotion or vice versa.

Question 17

You just finished a cup of very strong coffee,which causes your body to have a general feeling of arousal.That afternoon you walk past a cemetery where several people are crying at a graveside.According to Schachter and Singer,which of the following would most likely occur?
A)Your emotion would be happy in spite of the scene at the graveside.
B)You would work very hard to control your emotion.
C)Your emotion would be sad since the context would affect your labeling.
D)Your emotional state would be impossible to predict.

Accepted Answer

According to Schachter and Singer's Two-Factor theory of emotion, the body's arousal needs to be cognitively labeled or interpreted in order to experience a specific emotion. In this scenario, the strong coffee has caused general arousal in the body, but the specific emotion experienced will depend on the context and how the arousal is labeled. Seeing people cry at a graveside is a sad context that could likely affect the labeling of the arousal, leading to the experience of the emotion of sadness.

Question 18

Which theory of emotion emphasizes the role of the thalamus?
A)Plutchik's
B)James-Lange
C)Cannon-Bard theory
D)Schachter and Singer's

Accepted Answer

The Cannon-Bard theory of emotion proposes that an emotional stimulus simultaneously triggers both a physiological response and the subjective experience of emotion. According to this theory, the thalamus (a structure in the brain involved in sensory processing) plays a key role in triggering both the physiological response and the subjective experience of emotion, sending signals to both the cerebral cortex (where conscious experience occurs) and the autonomic nervous system (which controls bodily functions).

Question 19

According to cognitive theories,appraisal of the situation would come __________ the physical arousal and _______ the experience of emotion.
A)before; after
B)after; before
C)before; before
D)after; after

Accepted Answer

According to cognitive theories, particularly the cognitive appraisal theory of emotion, the appraisal of the situation occurs before both the physical arousal and the experience of emotion. This theory suggests that our emotional experience depends on our interpretation of the situation we are in.

Question 20

_________ proposed that two things have to happen before emotion occurs: physical arousal and labeling.
A)Plutchik
B)The James-Lange
C)The Cannon-Bard theory
D)Schachter and Singer

Accepted Answer

Schachter and Singer proposed the two-factor theory of emotion, which states that two things have to happen before emotion occurs: physical arousal and labeling. The theory suggests that an individual first experiences physical arousal in response to a stimuli, and then uses cognitive processes to interpret the cause of the arousal and label the emotion.

Quiz 8: Motivation and Emotion

Which two different terms best describe Schachter and Singer's theory of emotion?

Erica saw her old boyfriend and her heart began to race.According to cognitive theory,is she happy to see him or frightened of him?

The idea that bodily arousal and the experience of emotion arise in tandem forms the essence of ________.

The __________ theory of emotion states that the experience of emotion occurs simultaneously with biological changes.

Which statement reflects the core idea of the facial feedback hypothesis?

"I think I'm afraid; therefore,I am afraid." Name the theory of emotion that this statement characterizes.

Seeing a snake,and then simultaneously running away from it and becoming frightened,is the sequence of events postulated by __________ theory.

Schachter and Singer proposed that two things have to happen before emotion occurs: _ and __.

You are walking in the forest and see a bear.According to the Cannon-Bard theory,what happens next?

The frequent finding that asthmatics often experience shortness of breath concurrently with tremendous anxiety is an example of how emotions and physiological symptoms often occur simultaneously.As such,it supports which of the following theories of emotion?

Lashley (1938) stated that the thalamus would have to be pretty sophisticated to make sense of all the possible emotions and relay them to the proper areas of the cortex and body.Which theory of emotion was Lashley criticizing?

What is the correct sequence of events in emotional response according to the Cannon-Bard theory?

Which theory maintains that emotion is caused by the interaction of physiological changes and the cognitive labeling of the reason for the physical reaction?

Physical arousal has to be interpreted cognitively before it is experienced as a specific emotion,according to ____________.

Which is the best explanation of the Cannon-Bard theory?

You just finished a cup of very strong coffee,which causes your body to have a general feeling of arousal.That afternoon you walk past a cemetery where several people are crying at a graveside.According to Schachter and Singer,which of the following would most likely occur?

Which theory of emotion emphasizes the role of the thalamus?

According to cognitive theories,appraisal of the situation would come ____ the physical arousal and _ the experience of emotion.

_________ proposed that two things have to happen before emotion occurs: physical arousal and labeling.