Question 1

Rochelle is 38 years old,but her mental ability is measured as that of a second-grade child.Rochelle would be classified as _______ developmentally delayed.
A)mildly
B)moderately
C)severely
D)profoundly

Accepted Answer

B

Question 2

According to Rogers,people brought up with unconditional positive regard _________.
A)tend to be vain and narcissistic
B)are unlikely to be fully functioning
C)feel valued regardless of their attitudes and behaviors
D)live lives directed toward what others want and value

Accepted Answer

Rogers believed that when a person is brought up with unconditional positive regard, they feel valued and accepted regardless of their attitudes and behaviors. This leads to a healthier self-concept and an ability to fully function as a person. It does not necessarily lead to vanity or narcissism, nor does it imply that the person lives their life solely directed towards the wants and values of others.

Question 3

Charise and Noreen were having a conversation about men."You know," Noreen said,"I think my husband tries to annoy me! Even though he tries to do what I ask,I think that subconsciously he really enjoys ticking me off to see the reactions he'll get.Freud must have been right!" Charise,who has just studied personality psychology in school,corrects Noreen by saying which of the following?
A)"You're probably right,Noreen.Freud was really into subconscious motives."
B)"Freud's theory has absolutely no validity at all in the modern times,Noreen.Stop analyzing your husband!"
C)"Freud really did not address the psychological functioning of men,Noreen,only women."
D)"Well,Noreen,there really is no "subconscious" in Freud's theory!"

Accepted Answer

Freud's theory includes the concept of the "unconscious," not the "subconscious." Therefore, Charise's statement that "there really is no 'subconscious' in Freud's theory" is the correct correction to Noreen's statement.

Question 4

Karesh is from India and really cares about others' welfare.His wife is Chinese,and he is known for the fact that he does not adhere to strict rules and regulations.He is tolerant of others and plans to become a social worker.According to Hofstede,what type of cultural personality would Karesh be?
A)highly individualistic
B)low in uncertainty avoidance
C)highly masculine
D)feminine

Accepted Answer

Karesh's tolerance of others and plans to become a social worker suggest that he is low in uncertainty avoidance. The fact that he does not adhere to strict rules and regulations also aligns with this cultural dimension. The information given in the question does not provide enough details to determine his level of individualism or masculinity/femininity.

Question 5

Sigmund Freud's theory came at a time in history when the predominant attitude toward sex was ____________.
A)liberal
B)open
C)repressed
D)obsessed

Accepted Answer

The predominant attitude toward sex during Freud's time was repressed. Victorian society (in which Freud lived and worked) was known for its strict moral code and suppression of sexuality, particularly for women.

Question 6

When one thinks of "value judgment" in relation to personality,one is thinking about ____________.
A)soul
B)character
C)temperament
D)conscience

Accepted Answer

A value judgment in relation to personality refers to an assessment or evaluation of someone's character traits or moral qualities. It involves determining the degree to which an individual possesses attributes such as honesty, integrity, kindness, and empathy.

Question 7

In the metaphor "the angel,the devil,and me," the angel is the _________.
A)id
B)ego
C)superego
D)unconscious

Accepted Answer

In Sigmund Freud's psychoanalytic theory, the angel and the devil represent the conflicting forces of the superego (the moral conscience) and the id (the primal desires), respectively. The "me" in the metaphor is the ego, which must balance these opposing impulses to create a sense of self-control and rational decision-making. Therefore, the best choice is C - superego.

Question 8

The ___________ theory of personality has its basis in the theories of learning and focuses on the effects of environment on one's personal characteristics and actions.
A)psychodynamic
B)humanistic
C)trait
D)behaviorist

Accepted Answer

The behaviorist theory of personality has its foundations in the principles of learning and conditioning, and stresses on the role of environmental factors in shaping and determining one's personality traits and behaviors.

Question 9

Gardner's theory of multiple intelligences divides intelligence into _________ independent abilities.
A)three
B)five
C)seven
D)nine

Accepted Answer

Gardner's theory of multiple intelligences divides intelligence into nine independent abilities, including linguistic, logical-mathematical, spatial, bodily-kinesthetic, musical, interpersonal, intrapersonal, naturalistic, and existential.

Question 10

The source a person believes to be exerting control over life's events is called __________.
A)low self-esteem
B)locus of control
C)high self-efficacy
D)an internal focus

Accepted Answer

Locus of control refers to an individual's perception of whether they have control over the events in their life, or if external forces such as luck or fate are the primary influencers. This concept can impact one's behavior and decision-making. The other options do not directly relate to this concept.

Question 11

Sigmund Freud proposed that his patients' disorders resulted most often from psychological conflicts related to ____________.
A)sex
B)denial
C)marriage
D)depression

Accepted Answer

Freud believed that many psychological problems and disorders were rooted in conflicts related to sexuality and sexual development. This is a major theme throughout his theory and approach to psychoanalysis.

Question 12

Many have compared Freud's idea of the mind to an iceberg.If that were the case and you were standing on the deck of a ship in Alaska,what part of the mind would you see above the water?
A)ego
B)superego
C)id
D)preconscious

Accepted Answer

The ego is the part of the mind that is conscious and visible to the outside world. It is responsible for our rational and logical thinking, decision-making, and problem-solving abilities, which are all visible to others. Therefore, if we were standing on the deck of a ship in Alaska and comparing Freud's idea of the mind to an iceberg, we would see the part of the mind that is above the water as the ego.

Question 13

Ted is friendly,loves to tells jokes at parties,and is perceived by others as warm and considerate.On which two of the Big Five traits would you expect Ted to obtain high scores?
A)agreeableness and extraversion
B)extraversion and conscientiousness
C)neuroticism and openness to experience
D)openness to experience and conscientiousness

Accepted Answer

Ted's friendly nature and love for telling jokes at parties suggest that he is sociable, outgoing, and talkative, which are all traits associated with high levels of extraversion. Additionally, his perceived warmth and consideration towards others suggest that he is compassionate, cooperative, and empathetic, all of which are traits associated with high levels of agreeableness. Therefore, Ted is likely to obtain high scores on both extraversion and agreeableness.

Question 14

Which theory of personality was a direct reaction against the psychoanalytic and behaviorist perspectives?
A)humanistic perspective
B)trait perspective
C)projective perspective
D)inventory perspective

Accepted Answer

The humanistic perspective emerged as a direct reaction against the psychoanalytic and behaviorist perspectives, which were seen as overly deterministic and mechanistic. Humanistic theorists sought to focus on the unique qualities and experiences of individuals and their potential for self-actualization and growth.

Question 15

Which defense mechanism was a prominent part in both Adler's and Horney's theories?
A)compensation
B)rationalization
C)suppression
D)intellectualization

Accepted Answer

Both Adler and Horney emphasized the importance of compensation as a defense mechanism. Adler believed that individuals compensate for feelings of inferiority by striving for superiority, while Horney argued that individuals compensate for feelings of helplessness by seeking power and control over others.

Question 16

The unique and relatively stable way in which each individual thinks,acts,and feels is called __________.
A)personality
B)nurture
C)a trait
D)nature

Accepted Answer

Personality refers to the unique and stable way in which an individual thinks, acts, and feels. This includes aspects such as attitudes, behaviors, values, and beliefs. Nurture and nature can influence personality development, but personality itself is a distinct concept. A trait is a specific characteristic or quality that contributes to an individual's personality.

Question 17

Which of the following statements describes the relationship between temperament and personality?
A)Temperament and personality are the exact same thing.
B)Personality,which we are born with,is the basis upon which one's temperament is built.
C)Temperament,which we are born with,is the basis upon which one's personality is built.
D)Temperament refers to negative personal characteristics,while personality refers to positive personal characteristics.

Accepted Answer

Temperament refers to an individual's innate traits and tendencies, such as their level of sensitivity or activity. Personality, on the other hand, is the combination of an individual's temperament, environment, and experiences. Therefore, one's personality is built upon their temperament.

Question 18

One limitation of the trait perspective compared to the other perspectives is there is not much __________.
A)description
B)research
C)material
D)explanation

Accepted Answer

The trait perspective primarily focuses on describing and categorizing personality traits, rather than explaining how they develop or how they interact with other factors in shaping personality. This is a limitation compared to other perspectives, such as the psychodynamic, behavioral, and humanistic perspectives, which offer more in-depth explanations for how personality develops and changes over time.

Question 19

A person's responses to a projective test are thought to reflect __________.
A)current events
B)daydreaming themes
C)maladaptive patterns of behavior
D)unconscious thoughts and feelings

Accepted Answer

Projective tests, such as the Rorschach inkblot test or the Thematic Apperception Test (TAT), rely on the interpretation of a person's ambiguous responses to reveal their unconscious thoughts and feelings. These tests are based on the assumption that people will project their own personality and experiences onto the ambiguous stimuli presented to them.

Question 20

A patient waiting for an appointment with Sigmund Freud looks around the room to see who else is waiting.Who among the following is most likely to have been one of Freud's patients?
A)Hal,a coal-mine worker who is severely depressed
B)Angela,a maid,who is severely depressed
C)Sue,a wealthy woman who is suffering from sexual repression
D)Mario,a soldier who is suffering from a hysterical disorder

Accepted Answer

Freud's theory of psychoanalysis was heavily focused on exploring and treating sexual repression and other issues related to sexuality. Therefore, Sue, a wealthy woman suffering from sexual repression, would be the most likely patient for Freud. The other patients' issues may be of interest to Freud, but they may not necessarily be the most likely patients for him.

Quiz 11: Theories of Personality and Intelligence

Rochelle is 38 years old,but her mental ability is measured as that of a second-grade child.Rochelle would be classified as _______ developmentally delayed.

According to Rogers,people brought up with unconditional positive regard _________.

Karesh is from India and really cares about others' welfare.His wife is Chinese,and he is known for the fact that he does not adhere to strict rules and regulations.He is tolerant of others and plans to become a social worker.According to Hofstede,what type of cultural personality would Karesh be?

Sigmund Freud's theory came at a time in history when the predominant attitude toward sex was ____________.

When one thinks of "value judgment" in relation to personality,one is thinking about ____________.

In the metaphor "the angel,the devil,and me," the angel is the _________.

The ___________ theory of personality has its basis in the theories of learning and focuses on the effects of environment on one's personal characteristics and actions.

Gardner's theory of multiple intelligences divides intelligence into _________ independent abilities.

The source a person believes to be exerting control over life's events is called __________.

Sigmund Freud proposed that his patients' disorders resulted most often from psychological conflicts related to ____________.

Many have compared Freud's idea of the mind to an iceberg.If that were the case and you were standing on the deck of a ship in Alaska,what part of the mind would you see above the water?

Ted is friendly,loves to tells jokes at parties,and is perceived by others as warm and considerate.On which two of the Big Five traits would you expect Ted to obtain high scores?

Which theory of personality was a direct reaction against the psychoanalytic and behaviorist perspectives?

Which defense mechanism was a prominent part in both Adler's and Horney's theories?

The unique and relatively stable way in which each individual thinks,acts,and feels is called __________.

Which of the following statements describes the relationship between temperament and personality?

One limitation of the trait perspective compared to the other perspectives is there is not much __________.

A person's responses to a projective test are thought to reflect __________.

A patient waiting for an appointment with Sigmund Freud looks around the room to see who else is waiting.Who among the following is most likely to have been one of Freud's patients?