Question 1

An orally fixated person would most likely:
A)be an only child.
B)dislike his or her father.
C)be a sloppy dresser.
D)eat and smoke a great deal.

Accepted Answer

An orally fixated person has a strong need for oral stimulation, which can manifest in overeating, smoking, or other behaviors that involve the mouth. Therefore, choice D is the best option as it directly relates to this behavior. The other options have no clear connection to an oral fixation.

Question 2

After a brief early commitment to hypnosis as a method of uncovering unconscious material,Freud later developed his psychoanalytic method of:
A)factor analysis.
B)situational determinism.
C)empathy.
D)free association.

Accepted Answer

Freud's psychoanalytic method involved free association, where patients would speak freely about their thoughts, feelings, and experiences to uncover unconscious material. While he initially experimented with hypnosis, he found that patients were not consistently able to go into a hypnotic trance and that the method did not necessarily produce accurate or reliable results. Therefore, he shifted his focus to free association as a more reliable tool for uncovering repressed emotions and memories.

Question 3

Picasso's paintings often contained exaggerated sexual symbolism.This way of expressing a basic impulse in a socially praiseworthy fashion illustrates the use of _______.
A)displacement
B)sublimation
C)projection
D)reaction formation

Accepted Answer

Sublimation is the defense mechanism in which an individual channels their basic impulses or emotions into socially acceptable or constructive behavior. In this case, Picasso's use of exaggerated sexual symbolism in his paintings can be seen as a way of sublimating his sexual urges into creative expression.

Question 4

According to Freud,an inadequate resolution of the Oedipus Complex leads to:
A)child molestation.
B)a high regard for women.
C)a personality that is reckless and self-assured.
D)love of nature.

Accepted Answer

The answer of According to Freud,an inadequate resolution of the...

Question 5

Which component of personality mediates between the forces of desire and reality on a moral basis?
A)id
B)ego
C)superego
D)ego-ideal

Accepted Answer

The superego is the component of personality that mediates between the forces of desire and reality on a moral basis. It represents an individual's internalized moral standards and ideals, and it strives to suppress the desires of the id that conflict with these standards. The ego, on the other hand, is primarily concerned with mediating between the demands of the id and the realities of the external world, and the ego-ideal is an idealized self-image that an individual aspires to but that does not have the same moral function as the superego.

Question 6

Maria takes good notes in class.Whenever someone who has missed class due to illness asks her if he can copy her notes,she grips them tightly and says "No! They're mine,and I don't wish to share them." A psychoanalytic theorist would probably contend that Maria has a(n)_______ fixation.
A)oral
B)anal
C)phallic
D)genital

Accepted Answer

According to psychoanalytic theory, the anal stage occurs between ages one and three, and fixation in this stage may lead to issues around control and possession. Maria's refusal to share her notes can be seen as an expression of her need for control and possession over them, which suggests an anal fixation.

Question 7

That part of the personality which operates on the reality principle is the _______.
A)superego
B)ego
C)id
D)eros

Accepted Answer

The reality principle is responsible for mediating between the id's desires and the external world, finding ways to satisfy those desires in a socially acceptable and realistic way. This is the role of the ego, making option B the correct answer. The superego, on the other hand, represents our moral compass, while the id is driven by our primitive and unconscious desires. "Eros" does not relate to any aspect of personality, but rather is a term used by Freud in relation to the life drive or sexual drive.

Question 8

According to psychoanalytic theory,the _______ is the most basic personality system.
A)preconscious
B)ego
C)id
D)superego

Accepted Answer

According to Freud's psychoanalytic theory, the id is the most basic and primitive portion of the human psyche. It is responsible for instinctual and impulsive behavior and is driven solely by the pleasure principle. The ego and superego develop in response to the demands of the external world and societal norms, respectively.

Question 9

Sheila was upset by her boss,so she goes home and beats her children,who,in turn,kick the dog.This episode is an example of _______.
A)displacement
B)undoing
C)projection
D)reaction formation

Accepted Answer

This episode is an example of displacement, which is a defense mechanism where an individual transfers their feelings of anger or frustration from their original source onto a less threatening target, such as beating their children instead of confronting their boss.

Question 10

The id is that part of the personality which operates according to the:
A)pleasure principle.
B)superego.
C)rules of reality.
D)past experiences of the individual.

Accepted Answer

The id is the most primitive, unconscious part of the personality that operates according to the pleasure principle, seeking immediate gratification of instinctual needs and desires without concern for consequences or reality.

Question 11

One of the most serious criticisms of psychoanalytic theory is its:
A)reliance on tests.
B)lack of flexibility.
C)unrealistic optimism.
D)use of after-the-fact explanations.

Accepted Answer

Psychoanalytic theory is often criticized for its tendency to provide after-the-fact explanations for behavior rather than predicting or explaining behavior beforehand. This makes it difficult to test the theory's validity or make practical use of it in therapeutic settings.

Question 12

Six-year-old Suzie sees her younger brother approaching with the new toy he received for his birthday.Suzie suddenly decides she wants the toy,so she pushes her brother to the ground,grabs his toy,and rushes into the next room to play with it.During this situation,the part of Suzie's personality which is most likely in control is her _______.
A)conscious
B)superego
C)ego
D)id

Accepted Answer

In this situation, Suzie's actions are impulsive, aggressive and selfish, which are characteristics of the id. The id is the primitive and instinctual part of the personality that doesn't consider morality or consequences, but rather seeks immediate gratification of impulses and desires.

Question 13

A college student takes a lot of psychology courses so that he will be able to talk about his personal psychological problems in a calm,detached,clinical fashion.He is using the defense mechanism of _______.
A)displacement
B)intellectualization
C)projection
D)reaction formation

Accepted Answer

The college student is using intellectualization, which is a defense mechanism that involves avoiding emotional aspects of a situation and instead explaining it in intellectual or abstract terms. By taking psychology courses, he is gaining knowledge and language that can help him talk about his personal issues in a detached and clinical way.

Question 14

According to Freud,the _______ makes up the largest part of our personality.
A)preconscious
B)conscious
C)unconscious
D)These three areas contribute equally to personality.

Accepted Answer

According to Freud's structural model of personality, the unconscious makes up the largest part of our personality. It is the repository of all our repressed thoughts, feelings, and memories. The preconscious and conscious make up a much smaller portion of our personality.

Question 15

The superego is that part of the personality which represents the _______.
A)pleasure principle
B)reality principle
C)thanatos
D)conscience

Accepted Answer

The superego represents the conscience, which is the part of the personality that includes moral standards and ideals of the individual's culture. It is responsible for governing the ego's choices based on what is right or wrong.

Question 16

Identifying with one's opposite-sex parent occurs in which psychosexual stage?
A)oral
B)anal
C)phallic
D)genital

Accepted Answer

Identifying with one's opposite-sex parent occurs in the phallic stage of psychosexual development, which occurs between the ages of 3 and 6. During this stage, children become aware of their own genitals and develop attraction to the opposite-sex parent while experiencing rivalry with the same-sex parent. This stage is crucial for the development of gender identity and the formation of the superego.

Question 17

Joe seems to be constantly condemning himself for being bad and "sinful." In psychoanalytic terms,we would say that Joe has an overdeveloped _______.
A)libido
B)id
C)ego
D)superego

Accepted Answer

The superego represents the internalized values and morals of society and culture, and can lead to feelings of guilt and self-condemnation when one believes they have not lived up to those standards. Therefore, Joe's overdeveloped superego is causing him to constantly condemn himself for being "sinful."

Question 18

Freud developed his theory of personality on the basis of:
A)carefully controlled experiments. 
B)systematic observations of children.
C)cross-cultural investigations.
D)case studies of patients.

Accepted Answer

Freud developed his theory of personality by studying individual patients in depth through case studies, rather than conducting experiments or observations on a larger group.

Question 19

The old adage,"Everyone is queer but me and thee," illustrates the defense mechanism of _______.
A)displacement
B)undoing
C)projection
D)reaction formation

Accepted Answer

The adage suggests that everyone has some level of queerness or abnormality, but the speaker and the person they are speaking to are the only exceptions. This is an example of projection, which involves attributing one's own undesirable traits onto others. In this case, the speaker is projecting their own feelings of queerness or abnormality onto everyone else.

Question 20

Pleasure principle is to _______ as reality principle is to _______.
A)id; superego
B)superego; id
C)id; ego
D)ego; id

Accepted Answer

The pleasure principle is the instinctual drive to seek pleasure and avoid pain, which is primarily governed by the id. The reality principle, on the other hand, involves the conscious consideration of reality constraints and the potential consequences of behavior, which is predominantly the function of the ego. Therefore, the correct pairing is id with pleasure principle and ego with reality principle.

Quiz 11: Theories of Personality and Intelligence

An orally fixated person would most likely:

After a brief early commitment to hypnosis as a method of uncovering unconscious material,Freud later developed his psychoanalytic method of:

Picasso's paintings often contained exaggerated sexual symbolism.This way of expressing a basic impulse in a socially praiseworthy fashion illustrates the use of _______.

According to Freud,an inadequate resolution of the Oedipus Complex leads to:

Which component of personality mediates between the forces of desire and reality on a moral basis?

Maria takes good notes in class.Whenever someone who has missed class due to illness asks her if he can copy her notes,she grips them tightly and says "No! They're mine,and I don't wish to share them." A psychoanalytic theorist would probably contend that Maria has a(n) _______ fixation.

That part of the personality which operates on the reality principle is the _______.

According to psychoanalytic theory,the _______ is the most basic personality system.

Sheila was upset by her boss,so she goes home and beats her children,who,in turn,kick the dog.This episode is an example of _______.

The id is that part of the personality which operates according to the:

One of the most serious criticisms of psychoanalytic theory is its:

A college student takes a lot of psychology courses so that he will be able to talk about his personal psychological problems in a calm,detached,clinical fashion.He is using the defense mechanism of _______.

According to Freud,the _______ makes up the largest part of our personality.

The superego is that part of the personality which represents the _______.

Identifying with one's opposite-sex parent occurs in which psychosexual stage?

Joe seems to be constantly condemning himself for being bad and "sinful." In psychoanalytic terms,we would say that Joe has an overdeveloped _______.

Freud developed his theory of personality on the basis of:

The old adage,"Everyone is queer but me and thee," illustrates the defense mechanism of _______.

Pleasure principle is to _ as reality principle is to _.