Question 1

When anxiety-provoking memories are prevented from reaching conscious awareness,such as not remembering lying to parents,it is called ________.

Accepted Answer

Repression is the act of pushing anxiety-provoking memories or thoughts into the unconscious mind, preventing them from reaching conscious awareness. This can lead to an inability to recall certain events or experiences, such as a person not remembering lying to their parents. Denial is a defense mechanism in which a person refuses to acknowledge a certain reality or aspect of their behavior. Sublimation involves channeling negative or unacceptable impulses into socially acceptable behavior. Regression involves reverting to an earlier stage of development in response to stress or anxiety. None of these options accurately describe the described scenario.

Question 2

In the metaphor "the angel,the devil,and me," the devil is the _________.

Accepted Answer

The angel represents the superego, which represents our moral and societal standards, while "me" represents the ego, which mediates between the angel and devil. The devil, therefore, represents the id, which represents our innate, primal desires and impulses.

Question 3

Jeremy has been having an affair with another woman.One afternoon his wife came home later than usual and Jeremy became angry - accusing his wife of infidelity.Which defense mechanism is behind Jeremy's accusation?

Accepted Answer

Projection is the defense mechanism at play here. Jeremy is projecting his guilt of having an affair onto his wife and accusing her of infidelity.

Question 4

According to Freud,the result of conflict between the id and superego is ___________.

Accepted Answer

Freud believed that the conflict between the id (our primitive, instinctual desires) and the superego (our internalized moral standards) can lead to anxiety, as the ego (our rational decision-making self) struggles to balance these forces.

Question 5

When Candace ordered a hot fudge sundae and a diet soda,she told herself that the calories from the ice cream really were not a big deal because the diet soda sort of balanced it all out.Which of Freud's defense mechanisms is motivating Candace?

Accepted Answer

Candace is using rationalization to justify her unhealthy food choice by convincing herself that the diet soda balances out the calories from the hot fudge sundae.

Question 6

From what Latin phrase is the term superego derived?

Accepted Answer

The term "superego" is derived from the Latin phrase "supra ego," which translates to "over the self" or "above the self," reflecting its role as a critical and moralizing role in the structure of the psyche in Freudian psychoanalytic theory.

Question 7

What is Anna Freud's term for the unconscious efforts by the ego to deny or distort reality for the purpose of protecting itself when conflict becomes too intense?

Accepted Answer

Anna Freud's term for the unconscious efforts by the ego to deny or distort reality for the purpose of protecting itself when conflict becomes too intense is defense mechanisms.

Question 8

According to Freud's theory of personality development,there are _________ stages that each person must pass through.

Accepted Answer

Freud's theory of personality development includes five stages: oral, anal, phallic, latency, and genital.

Question 9

Dan plays the trumpet,is on the debate team,bites his nails,and chews gum.Freud might say Dan was fixated in the ________ stage.

Accepted Answer

Dan's nail biting and gum chewing are behaviors associated with the oral stage of development according to Freudian theory. The oral stage typically occurs in the first year of life when the infant's primary focus is on feeding and oral stimulation. The fact that Dan also plays the trumpet and is on the debate team is not necessarily indicative of fixation in a specific stage, as these are more likely to be hobbies or interests rather than related to psychosexual development.

Question 10

In Freud's personality theory,the ________ are in conflict and the _______ must mediate between them.

Accepted Answer

In Freud's personality theory, the id represents the instinctual drives and desires, the superego represents the moral standards and ideals, and the ego acts as the mediator between the demands of the id, the superego, and reality.

Question 11

According to Freud,personality develops through a series of psychosexual stages.During infancy,the psychosexual stage is called the __________.

Accepted Answer

During infancy, which is the first year of life, the psychosexual stage is called the oral stage. In this stage, the baby's primary source of pleasure and satisfaction comes from oral activities such as sucking and biting. The development of trust and security in this stage sets the foundation for healthy personality development in later stages. The latency stage occurs in middle childhood, while the anal and phallic stages occur in early childhood.

Question 12

According to Freud,during the first 18 months of life,the dominant source of sensual pleasure is the ________.

Accepted Answer

According to Freud's psychosexual theory, the first stage is the oral stage, which takes place from birth to around 18 months. During this stage, the primary source of pleasure and satisfaction comes from the mouth, as infants explore the world through their senses and learn to feed themselves. This includes both sucking on objects and putting things in their mouth as a means of satisfying their needs and desires.

Question 13

Donita is angry with her boss so she left work a little early in order to run an extra mile before it gets dark.Which defense mechanism is Donita employing?

Accepted Answer

Donita is channeling her anger (a negative emotion) into physical activity (running), which is a positive and socially acceptable outlet for emotions. This is an example of sublimation, which is a defense mechanism where one channels negative emotions or impulses into constructive and positive actions. Repression involves pushing unwanted thoughts or memories out of consciousness; reaction formation involves reacting with opposite emotions or behaviors to the ones being felt; and rationalization involves justifying negative behaviors or thoughts with excuses or reasons.

Question 14

Toilet training takes place during which of Freud's psychosexual stages?

Accepted Answer

Toilet training typically occurs during the anal stage, which Freud believed occurred during the ages of 1 and 3. During this stage, the focus of pleasure and development is on bowel and bladder control, and successful toilet training is essential for the child to move on to the next stage of development.

Question 15

What is the correct sequence of Freud's psychosexual stages?

Accepted Answer

This is the correct sequence of Freud's psychosexual stages according to his theory, starting with oral, followed by anal, then phallic, followed by a period of latency, and finally reaching the genital stage.

Question 16

What did Sigmund Freud believe could happen if our needs were delayed at a particular psychosexual stage?

Accepted Answer

Sigmund Freud believed that if our needs were delayed at a particular psychosexual stage, we could become fixated at that stage. This fixation could lead to personality traits associated with that stage carrying over into adulthood. For example, if a child is weaned too early during the oral stage, they may become fixated on oral activities such as smoking, overeating, or nail-biting as adults.

Question 17

Mahmoud was just told that his father has cancer.Mahmoud's first response is that there must be a mistake and he demands that the doctor repeat his tests.Which defense mechanism is at work here?

Accepted Answer

Mahmoud's response of demanding that the doctor repeat his tests is a classic example of denial, a defense mechanism in which a person refuses to accept reality or facts that are too uncomfortable to face. In this case, Mahmoud cannot accept the reality of his father's cancer diagnosis and is denying it as a way to cope with his emotions.

Question 18

In the metaphor "the angel,the devil,and me," the angel is the _________.

Accepted Answer

The metaphor "the angel, the devil, and me" refers to the idea that our actions and decisions are influenced by both positive and negative influences. In psychoanalytic theory, these influences can be seen as representing the superego (the angel, which represents our conscience and moral values) and the id (the devil, which represents our primal desires and impulses). Therefore, the best choice for the "angel" in this metaphor is C) superego.

Question 19

The age at which a baby was weaned would have most impact on the _______ stage.

Accepted Answer

The oral stage occurs from birth to 18 months and is focused on the mouth as a source of pleasure and exploration. Weaning, or the process of transitioning from breastmilk or formula to solid foods, occurs during this stage and can greatly impact a baby's experience of pleasure and satisfaction in relation to their mouth.

Question 20

Sigmund Freud's psychosexual stages focus on several parts of the body identified as _______.

Accepted Answer

Freud's psychosexual stages focus on erogenous zones, which are areas of the body that are particularly sensitive to pleasure and are linked to sexual gratification. These erogenous zones include the mouth, anus, and genitals, as well as other areas of the body that become sexually significant during different stages of development.

Quiz 11: Theories of Personality and Intelligence