Question 1

Each year in the United States, there are approximately _____ new cases of schizophrenia diagnosed.

Accepted Answer

There are approximately 200,000 new cases of schizophrenia diagnosed each year in the United States. This figure is widely cited in mental health research and literature, reflecting the prevalence of this serious mental disorder.

Question 2

Dissociative amnesia often occurs as a response to:

Accepted Answer

Dissociative amnesia often occurs as a response to stress, trauma, or an extremely distressing situation, which can lead to the individual blocking out or forgetting certain memories as a coping mechanism. Excess dopamine, alcohol or drug intoxication, and brain injuries may contribute to memory problems, but are not typically associated with dissociative amnesia specifically.

Question 3

In which of the following ways do antipsychotic medications, such as Thorazine or Haldol, help reduce symptoms of schizophrenia?

Accepted Answer

Antipsychotic medications such as Thorazine or Haldol work by reducing or blocking dopamine activity in the brain. This is because high levels of dopamine activity are associated with the positive symptoms of schizophrenia, such as delusions and hallucinations. By reducing dopamine activity, antipsychotic medications can help alleviate these symptoms.

Question 4

Jackson is deceptive and manipulative of others, including friends and family members. Deceiving and manipulating others for one's own personal gain is a characteristic of _____ personality disorder.

Accepted Answer

Deceiving and manipulating others for personal gain are common traits of antisocial personality disorder. This disorder is characterized by a disregard for the rights and feelings of others, impulsivity, and a lack of remorse for one's actions.

Question 5

Addyson has been diagnosed with schizophrenia. When her symptoms are severe, Addyson's verbal responses are limited to very brief, empty comments. This particular symptom is called:

Accepted Answer

The particular symptom described in the scenario - limited verbal responses to brief, empty comments - is characteristic of alogia, which is a negative symptom of schizophrenia. Alogia refers to poverty of speech or thought and can manifest in different forms, such as reduced fluency, coherence, or spontaneity of speech. The other options listed are not directly related to this symptom or schizophrenia (agoraphobia is an anxiety disorder, avolition is a lack of motivation or goal-directed behavior, and serotonin syndrome is a potentially life-threatening reaction to certain medications).

Question 6

_____ is a culture-bound disorder in which people become virtual recluses for years at a time, locking themselves away to play video games or surf the internet.

Accepted Answer

Hikkomori is a culture-bound disorder that is commonly found in Japan, where people become virtual recluses for years at a time, locking themselves away to play video games or surf the internet. It is not associated with Saladera, Windigo, or Amok.

Question 7

_____ disorders are inflexible, maladaptive patterns of thoughts, emotions, behavior, and interpersonal functioning that are stable over time and across situations and deviate from the expectations of the individual's culture.

Accepted Answer

The description matches the criteria for personality disorders, which are characterized by pervasive, long-standing patterns of behavior and thought that are outside the norm for the individual's culture and cause distress or impairment in social, occupational, or other areas of functioning. Anxiety and major depressive disorders are not characterized by patterns of behavior or thought that are stable over time and situations, and culture-bound disorders refer to conditions that are specific to certain cultures or regions.

Question 8

According to one explanation, dissociative identity disorder:

Accepted Answer

Dissociative identity disorder is thought to develop as a coping mechanism to protect a person from extreme abuse or trauma, often experienced during childhood. This explanation is supported by research and clinical observations.

Question 9

One theory of borderline personality disorder (BPD) is that some children are born with a biologically sensitive temperament that makes them more vulnerable to develop the disorder, especially when they are raised by caregivers who do not teach them how to control their impulsiveness or help them learn how to understand, regulate, and appropriately express their emotions. This theory is called the _____ of BPD.

Accepted Answer

The biosocial developmental theory of BPD suggests that biological sensitivity combined with inadequate or inconsistent caregiving can result in the development of the disorder. The other three theories mentioned in the options (catastrophic cognitions theory, triple vulnerabilities model, and genetic predisposition model) do not emphasize the role of early life experiences and caregiving in the development of BPD.

Question 10

Which of the following brain structure abnormalities is MOST commonly found in people with schizophrenia?

Accepted Answer

Enlargement of the ventricles is the most commonly found brain structure abnormality in people with schizophrenia. This can indicate a loss of brain tissue, which could account for the cognitive and behavioral deficits seen in schizophrenia. Swelling in the frontal lobes and reduced activity in the left temporal lobe have been observed in some studies, but are not as consistently reported. Reduced blood flow to the brain stem is not typically associated with schizophrenia.

Question 11

Compared with during the spring months, during the winter months the number of suicides in the United States:

Accepted Answer

Studies have consistently shown that contrary to popular belief, suicide rates in the United States are lowest during the winter months, typically peaking in the spring and fall. In fact, a study published in the International Journal of Epidemiology found that suicide rates were lowest in December and January, and highest in April and May.

Question 12

_____ is an eating disorder characterized by binges of extreme overeating followed by self-induced vomiting, misuse of laxatives, or other inappropriate methods to purge the excessive food and prevent weight gain.

Accepted Answer

The description provided matches the symptoms of bulimia nervosa, which is characterized by recurrent episodes of binge eating followed by inappropriate compensatory behaviors such as self-induced vomiting, misuse of laxatives, or excessive exercise to prevent weight gain. Anorexia nervosa is also an eating disorder, but it is characterized by an extreme fear of gaining weight despite being underweight or having a low body weight. Binge-eating disorder is characterized by recurrent episodes of binge eating without compensatory behaviors, and hikikomori is a social withdrawal phenomenon in Japan, which is not directly related to eating disorders.

Question 13

A commonly observed _____ symptom that occurs in schizophrenia is _____.

Accepted Answer

A negative symptom commonly observed in schizophrenia is flat affect, which is a lack of emotional expressiveness. Positive symptoms are characterized by the presence of abnormal behaviors or experiences, such as delusions or hallucinations. Avolition refers to a lack of motivation or inability to initiate tasks, which is also a positive symptom. Alogia refers to a decrease in speech output, another negative symptom. Therefore, choice C is the best answer.

Question 14

About _____ of people who experience an initial episode of schizophrenia will develop a chronic, ongoing form of the disease that severely impairs their ability to function.

Accepted Answer

The answer of About _____ of people who experience an...

Quiz 13: Section 4: Psychological Disorders