Question 1

According to Freud newborn infants are in the latency stage of psychosexual development.

Accepted Answer

According to Freud, the latency stage occurs between the ages of 6 and 12, after the phallic stage and before the genital stage. This stage is characterized by a suppression of sexual impulses and a focus on the development of cognitive, social, and intellectual skills. Infants are not in this stage, but rather in the oral stage, where the primary focus is on oral gratification through activities such as sucking and biting.

Question 2

Sexual urges are expressed freely during the latency stage of Freud's psychosexual stages.

Accepted Answer

During the latency stage (age 6 to puberty), sexual urges are repressed and not expressed freely as the focus is on social and intellectual development.

Question 3

According to Sigmund Freud the collective unconscious is the deepest part of the unconscious, which is shared by all people and reflects human evolutionary history.

Accepted Answer

The concept of the collective unconscious was developed by Carl Jung, not Sigmund Freud. Freud focused on the personal unconscious and the role of individual experiences.

Question 4

In contrast to psychoanalysis, humanistic psychology took an optimistic view of human nature and emphasized the study of the healthy personality.

Accepted Answer

Humanistic psychology did indeed take an optimistic view of human nature and focused on studying the healthy personality.

Question 5

Alfred Adler held that the most fundamental human motive was striving for superiority.

Accepted Answer

Alfred Adler's theory of individual psychology posited that the fundamental human motive was striving for superiority or a sense of competence and accomplishment. This drive was seen as universal and an important factor in shaping human behavior and personality.

Question 6

According to Freud, both boys and girls resolve the Oedipus complex by identifying with the same-sex parent in order to resist incestuous urges.

Accepted Answer

Freud believed that both boys and girls resolve the Oedipus complex by identifying with the same-sex parent to overcome their attraction to the opposite-sex parent and avoid punishment for incestuous desires. This is known as the Electra complex in girls and the Oedipus complex in boys.

Question 7

Because Freud's ideas have been confirmed by extensive experimental evidence, contemporary psychologists believe that his psychoanalytic theory is still the most accurate depiction of human personality.

Accepted Answer

This statement is false. While Freud's ideas have influenced the field of psychology and are still studied today, they have not been confirmed by extensive experimental evidence and are not considered the most accurate depiction of human personality by contemporary psychologists.

Question 8

One of Freud's most significant contributions was that he drew attention to the importance of mental processes that occur outside of conscious awareness, an idea that continues to be actively investigated by contemporary researchers.

Accepted Answer

This statement accurately reflects one of Freud's key theories and his lasting impact on contemporary psychological research.

Question 9

The "third force" in psychology refers to the behavioral genetic approach to studying personality.

Accepted Answer

The "third force" in psychology refers to humanistic psychology, which focuses on the subjective experience of individuals as well as their potential for personal growth and self-actualization. The behavioral genetic approach is a different perspective that emphasizes the role of genetics and environmental factors in shaping personality.

Question 10

According to Karen Horney, men compensate for their inability to bear children through their careers and other creative pursuits.

Accepted Answer

Karen Horney did indeed argue that men have an innate sense of inferiority due to their inability to bear children and that they compensate for this by pursuing careers and other creative pursuits.

Question 11

According to Freud, identification involves a child imitating and internalizing the same-sex parent's values, attitudes, and mannerisms.

Accepted Answer

According to Freud, identification is a psychological process in which a child assimilates an aspect, property, or attribute from another person, typically the same-sex parent. This process involves imitating and internalizing the values, attitudes, and mannerisms of the same-sex parent as a way of identifying with them and developing a sense of self.

Question 12

Karen Horney, Carl Jung, and Alfred Adler agreed with Freud that early childhood experiences and unconscious mental processes were very important but disagreed with Freud's view that sexuality was the primary human motive.

Accepted Answer

Karen Horney, Carl Jung, and Alfred Adler are known for their theories of psychoanalysis, which deviated from Sigmund Freud's focus on sexuality as the primary human motive. They recognized the importance of childhood experiences and unconscious processes but believed that factors such as social and cultural influences, individual growth, and creative expression played significant roles in human development and behavior.

Question 13

In Freud's theory, the correct order of the psychosexual stages is: (1) oral, (2) anal, (3) phallic, (4) latency, and (5) genital stages.

Accepted Answer

This is the correct order of Freud's psychosexual stages.

Question 14

In Carl Jung's theory of personality, culturally universal themes such as the hero, the nurturing mother, the powerful father, and the innocent child represent archetypes.

Accepted Answer

Carl Jung did indeed propose the existence of archetypes that represent culturally universal themes, including the hero, the nurturing mother, the powerful father, and the innocent child.

Question 15

The famous psychoanalyst Alfred Adler said, "To be human means to have inferiority feelings.… But in the mentally healthy person this inferiority feeling acts as a motive for productivity, as a motive for attempting to overcome obstacles, to maintain oneself in life."

Accepted Answer

Alfred Adler believed that everyone experiences feelings of inferiority, but that mentally healthy individuals use these feelings as motivation to strive for productivity and self-improvement.

Question 16

Research strongly supports Carl Jung's contention that the archetypes are genetically passed from one generation to the next.

Accepted Answer

Research does not strongly support Carl Jung's contention that archetypes are genetically inherited. Jung's concept of archetypes is largely considered a psychological and symbolic framework rather than a genetic one, and there is limited empirical evidence to suggest a direct genetic transmission of these complex symbolic structures.

Question 17

The Oedipus complex refers to a child's sexual attraction to the same-sex parent.

Accepted Answer

The Oedipus complex refers to a child's unconscious desire for the opposite-sex parent and hostility towards the same-sex parent. It is a psychoanalytic theory proposed by Sigmund Freud.

Question 18

Six months after their divorce was finalized, Morgan continued to refer to Eric as her "husband" rather than as her "ex-husband." This would be an example of denial.

Accepted Answer

Referring to Eric as her "husband" instead of "ex-husband" suggests that Morgan is unwilling to fully acknowledge the fact that they are no longer married, which is a characteristic of denial.

Question 19

For boys, successfully resolving the Oedipus complex involves the development of the incest taboo and identification with the father.

Accepted Answer

This is a widely accepted theory in psychoanalytic theory, where the Oedipus complex is a stage in psychosexual development where boys experience feelings of desire towards their mother and competing with their father for her attention. However, successful resolution of this complex involves internalizing the societal norm of the incest taboo and identifying with the father as a role model.

Question 20

Although they have been broken up for months, Hector still bought Shivangi flowers and chocolates for Valentine's Day. Hector is demonstrating the ego defense mechanism called rationalization.

Accepted Answer

Hector is exhibiting the ego defense mechanism of denial, which involves blocking out or denying the reality of a situation. Rationalization, on the other hand, involves justifying or providing logical reasons for behavior that may be unacceptable.

Quiz 10: Section 3: Personality