Question 1

Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) is a noninvasive procedure that produces detailed images of the brain using electromagnetic signals that track changes in metabolic activity.

Accepted Answer

This statement is true.

Question 2

Brain-imaging techniques, such as PET scans, MRI, and fMRI, provide extremely accurate and detailed images of the brain and have virtually no known limitations.

Accepted Answer

While these brain-imaging techniques can provide detailed images of the brain, they do have limitations. For example, PET scans require the injection of a radioactive tracer, making them invasive and potentially risky. MRI and fMRI scans require the person being scanned to remain still for an extended period, which can be difficult for some individuals. Additionally, these imaging techniques may not capture all aspects of brain function, and there may be limitations in interpreting the results.

Question 3

In one natural experiment investigating weight gain during the first year of college, it was found that male students who were assigned to dormitories with on-site dining facilities gained more weight and exercised less than students who were assigned to dormitories without food services.

Accepted Answer

The answer of In one natural experiment investigating weight gain...

Question 4

Some limitations of brain-imaging studies discussed in the Focus on Neuroscience section include the fact that they typically involve a small number of participants and that they tend to focus on simple aspects of behavior.

Accepted Answer

The statement accurately reflects limitations discussed in the section.

Question 5

If a student is enrolled in a psychology class, then it is unnecessary to obtain an informed consent from the person if he or she is taking part in an experiment that is a requirement of the class.

Accepted Answer

Even if a student is enrolled in a psychology class, informed consent is still necessary before involving them in an experiment as a requirement of the class. This is because informed consent is required ethically and legally, regardless of whether the individual is a student or not.

Question 6

The idea that brain imaging may add little to explanations of psychological processes and are not necessarily more scientific than other approaches psychologists take are two of the limitations listed in Focus on Neuroscience.

Accepted Answer

The statement accurately reflects the limitations listed in Focus on Neuroscience.

Question 7

The use of deception in psychology experiments has been banned by the American Psychological Association since the 1960s.

Accepted Answer

The use of deception in psychology experiments is not completely banned by the American Psychological Association. However, researchers must follow strict ethical guidelines and obtain informed consent from participants before using deception.

Question 8

Students who are enrolled in a psychology class can be forced to participate in experiments and other types of research as part of the course requirements.

Accepted Answer

Students cannot be forced to participate in experiments or research as part of course requirements; ethical guidelines require that participation in research must be voluntary and informed consent must be obtained.

Question 9

Researchers adhere to ethical guidelines by allowing students who do not want to participate in an experiment the option of choosing a different activity to fulfill the class requirement or to get extra credit.

Accepted Answer

Allowing students to opt out of an experiment is one way that researchers respect individual autonomy and adhere to ethical guidelines by ensuring that participation is voluntary. Providing alternatives for fulfilling academic requirements or earning extra credit ensures that students are not penalized for exercising their right to refuse participation.

Question 10

In one natural experiment investigating weight gain during the first year of college, it was found that female students who were assigned to dormitories with on-site dining facilities gained more weight and exercised less than students who were assigned to dormitories without food services.

Accepted Answer

This statement accurately summarizes the findings of the natural experiment.

Question 11

In one natural experiment investigating weight gain during the first year of college, it was found that female students assigned to dormitories with on-site food services reported eating more meals and more snacks, but they did not report gaining weight.

Accepted Answer

The answer of In one natural experiment investigating weight gain...

Question 12

A noninvasive technique that produces detailed images of the body's structures and tissues, using electromagnetic signals generated by the brain in response to magnetic fields is called magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).

Accepted Answer

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is a noninvasive technique that uses magnetic fields and electromagnetic signals to produce detailed images of the body's structures and tissues, particularly the brain.

Question 13

A natural experiment is a study investigating the effects of a naturally occurring event on the research participants.

Accepted Answer

A natural experiment is a study in which researchers take advantage of a naturally occurring event to study its effects on a group of participants. The independent variable is not manipulated by the researchers, but rather occurs naturally. Examples of natural experiments include studying the impact of a natural disaster or the implementation of a new policy or law.

Question 14

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is an invasive imaging technique that provides color-coded images of brain activity by tracking the brain's use of a radioactively tagged glucose, oxygen, or other substances.

Accepted Answer

MRI is a non-invasive imaging technique that uses a strong magnetic field and radio waves to create detailed images of internal body structures, including the brain. It does not involve the use of radioactive substances.

Question 15

When research participation is a course requirement or an opportunity for extra credit, a student must be given a choice of an alternative activity to fulfill the course requirement.

Accepted Answer

This is in accordance with the ethical guidelines set by the American Psychological Association (APA) regarding informed consent and voluntary participation in research. Students should not be coerced into participating in research, and providing an alternative activity ensures that they have a voluntary choice in fulfilling the course requirements.

Question 16

In one natural experiment investigating weight gain during the first year of college, it was found that male students assigned to dormitories with food service reported eating more meals and more snacks, but they did not report gaining weight.

Accepted Answer

The experiment found that male students assigned to dormitories with food service reported eating more meals and more snacks, but they did not report gaining weight.

Question 17

"Informed consent" in a psychology experiment means that the psychologist must inform the participants of the purpose of the research and explain that they are free to decline to participate or to withdraw from the research at any time.

Accepted Answer

Informed consent is a crucial ethical principle in research involving human participants, and it requires that participants be fully informed about the study's purpose and procedures and give their voluntary consent to participate. Participants must be made aware of their right to decline or withdraw from the study at any point without penalty.

Question 18

Comparative psychology is the branch of psychology that studies the behavior of nonhuman animal.

Accepted Answer

Comparative psychology is the scientific study of animal behavior and cognitive processes, with a focus on comparing and contrasting the behavior of different species.

Question 19

Positron emission tomography (PET) is an invasive imaging technique that provides color-coded images of brain activity by tracking the brain's use of a radioactively tagged glucose, oxygen, or other substances.

Accepted Answer

PET is an invasive imaging technique that tracks the brain's use of a radioactively tagged substance, such as glucose or oxygen, to provide color-coded images of brain activity.

Question 20

If an experiment is conducted properly, a control group is unnecessary.

Accepted Answer

A control group is necessary in order to compare the results of the experimental group to a group that did not receive any treatment or intervention. This helps to determine if the results are due to the treatment or some other factor.

Quiz 1: Section 3: Introduction and Research Methods