Question 1

Moral reasoning is affected by

Accepted Answer

Moral reasoning is affected by age, as one's cognitive development and life experiences can impact their moral beliefs and values. Educational level can also play a role, as individuals with higher levels of education may have greater exposure to diverse perspectives and ethical theories. Gender can also influence moral reasoning, as societal expectations and cultural norms may vary based on gender identity. Therefore, all three factors (age, educational level, and gender) can impact moral reasoning.

Question 2

In Steinberg's study,self-reported impulsivity was highest in those aged ______ years.

Accepted Answer

The answer of In Steinberg's study,self-reported impulsivity was highest in...

Question 3

_______ developed a model that assessed risk taking in adolescents in two systems,socioemotional system and cognitive control system.

Accepted Answer

Steinberg developed the dual systems model, which proposes that risk taking in adolescents is influenced by two systems: the socioemotional system, which involves emotional reactions and social context, and the cognitive control system, which involves rational decision-making and impulse control.

Question 4

The moral reasoning of an individual who is in college and volunteers in his or her community will likely be more advanced than that of a high school student who sits at home and watches television all afternoon.

Accepted Answer

This statement is likely true because volunteering and being involved in one's community can often lead to exposure to diverse perspectives and experiences, which can promote advanced moral reasoning skills. In contrast, a high school student who spends most of their time watching TV may not have as many opportunities for this type of growth and development.

Question 5

Gang members are at least as likely to be victimized as they are to victimize others.

Accepted Answer

Research has shown that gang members are at high risk of victimization, with some studies indicating that they are more likely to be victimized than non-gang members. This can include not only violence by rival gangs but also exploitation, abuse, and coercion by other members within their own gang. Though gang members can also engage in criminal behavior and victimize others, the idea that they are solely perpetrators of violence is a misconception.

Question 6

Behavior based on one's own desires and not those of another reflects

Accepted Answer

Hedonistic reasoning refers to behavior based on one's own pleasure and desires, rather than external influences such as approval or societal norms. Needs-based reasoning involves fulfilling one's fundamental needs (such as hunger or safety), while approval-oriented reasoning prioritizes seeking the approval of others. Stereotypical reasoning involves making assumptions based on stereotypes, rather than individual characteristics or behaviors.

Question 7

Studies demonstrate that,during adolescence,there is a decrease in activity in the __________ ,while there is an increase in activity in the ___________,demonstrating a greater reliance on executive functioning in decision making than on emotional responses.

Accepted Answer

During adolescence, there is a decrease in activity in the amygdala and limbic system, which are associated with emotional responses, and an increase in activity in the prefrontal cortex and ventromedial prefrontal cortex, which are associated with executive functions and decision making. This shift indicates a greater reliance on executive functioning over emotional responses in decision making during adolescence.

Question 8

Traditionally,gang recruitment begins in ______.

Accepted Answer

Gang recruitment traditionally begins in middle school, as this is a critical period where young adolescents are more vulnerable to peer pressure and seeking a sense of belonging.

Question 9

An important area of the brain used in moral decision making is __________.

Accepted Answer

The prefrontal cortex is a crucial region in the brain for making moral judgments and decisions. It is involved in processing information about social norms, ethical rules, and emotional responses, and it helps us weigh the costs and benefits of different courses of action. Damage to the prefrontal cortex has been shown to impair moral reasoning and decision-making abilities.

Question 10

______ behavior refers to actions one performs to benefit others.

Accepted Answer

Prosocial behavior specifically refers to actions that benefit others, while antisocial behavior refers to actions that harm others and social behavior refers to any behavior that involves interactions between individuals. Therefore, the best answer is A) Prosocial.

Question 11

Critics of Kohlberg's theory believe that

Accepted Answer

Critics of Kohlberg's theory believe that moral reasoning may not necessarily result in moral behavior. Additionally, his theory has been criticized for having a Western bias and for not fully exploring the role of gender in moral development. Therefore, all of these options are valid criticisms of Kohlberg's theory.

Question 12

Hilary volunteers after school at the Boys and Girls Club working with younger students,assisting them with their homework and organizing activities.She is engaging in _____ behavior.

Accepted Answer

Hilary's behavior of volunteering and helping younger students is considered prosocial behavior, which involves actions that benefit others and contribute to the well-being of society.

Question 13

An individual at the ______ level in Kohlberg's Stage Theory understands that a smoothly functioning society may not be a just one; thus he or she emphasizes abstract principles,values,and procedures to guarantee rights.

Accepted Answer

The individual at the postconventional level in Kohlberg's Stage Theory is able to recognize the difference between what is legal and what is moral or just. They emphasize abstract principles, values, and procedures to guarantee rights, even if it means going against the norms of society. This level is characterized by a concern for the greater good and the welfare of all individuals, rather than just personal gain or adherence to societal norms.

Question 14

The prefrontal cortex reaches full maturity during adolescence.

Accepted Answer

The prefrontal cortex reaches full maturity in the mid-20s or even later, not during adolescence.

Question 15

Why do adolescents join gangs?
Traditionally,adolescents join a gang because it affords them protection,a family,and a sense of worthiness,acceptance,and respect.It affords them a sense of stability as demonstrated by the increase of gang membership in unstable neighborhoods).Gangsgive the adolescent a support system,trust,and a sense of identity.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Why do adolescents join gangs?
Traditionally,adolescents join a...

Question 16

Most gang members are male.

Accepted Answer

According to various studies, most gang members are male, with the percentage ranging from 80-95%.

Question 17

An individual at the _______ level in Kohlberg's Stage Theory considers morality to be a matter of choosing "good" behavior as determined by family,community,or society.

Accepted Answer

The individual at the conventional level in Kohlberg's Stage Theory is concerned with upholding the norms and expectations of their family, community, or society. They consider morality to be a matter of following these rules rather than a matter of personal conscience or abstract principles.

Question 18

In Steinberg's study,self-reported reward seeking was highest in those aged ____ years.

Accepted Answer

Steinberg's study on adolescent brain development found that self-reported reward seeking peaks during early adolescence, around the ages of 12-13 years. This is consistent with the developmental patterns of risk-taking behaviors and the maturation of brain systems involved in reward processing.

Question 19

Explain why antisocial behavior increases during adolescence.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Explain why antisocial behavior increases during adolescence....

Question 20

The temporoparietal lobe is situated between the ______ lobe and ______ lobe.

Accepted Answer

The temporoparietal lobe is located between the temporal lobe and parietal lobe.

Quiz 16: Psychosocial Development in Adolescence