Question 1

What is the normal range for cardiac output?

Accepted Answer

The normal range for cardiac output is 4 to 8 L/min in healthy adults. However, it can vary depending on age, gender, body size, and level of physical activity.

Question 2

Which of the following are used to determine a patient's neurologic status? 1) Measuring V_D/V_T ratio 2) Pupillary response and eye movement 3) Corneal and gag reflex 4) Respiratory rate and pattern

Accepted Answer

Pupillary response and eye movement, corneal and gag reflex, and respiratory rate and pattern are all indicators of a patient's neurologic status, used to assess brain function and potential damage.

Question 3

Which of the following levels of albumin are consistent with severe malnutrition?

Accepted Answer

Serum albumin concentration is the most frequently used laboratory measure of nutritional status, a value less than 2.2 g/dl generally reflecting severe malnutrition.

Question 4

What is the normal mean pulmonary artery pressure?

Accepted Answer

The normal mean pulmonary artery pressure is approximately 15 mm Hg.

Question 5

What level of urine output is considered anuria?

Accepted Answer

Anuria is present when urine output is less than 50 ml/day.

Question 6

What parameter is best used to assess left ventricular afterload?

Accepted Answer

An increase in systemic vascular resistance increases left ventricular afterload.

Question 7

Which of the following physical findings is not consistent with starvation?

Accepted Answer

Temporal muscle wasting, sunken supraclavicular fossae, and decreased adipose stores are easily recognized signs of starvation.

Question 8

What is the most common method of estimating GFR?

Accepted Answer

The most common method of estimating GFR (renal function) is measurement of plasma creatinine and creatinine clearance rate.

Question 9

What is the normal range for mean arterial pressure?

Accepted Answer

The normal range for mean arterial pressure (MAP) is generally considered to be between 70 and 105 mm Hg. However, a commonly accepted normal range is 80 to 100 mm Hg, which reflects the average pressure in a person's arteries during one cardiac cycle.

Question 10

What is the Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) score that requires intracranial pressure monitoring?

Accepted Answer

Head-injured patients with GCS scores of 8 and less need monitoring of intracranial pressure.

Question 11

What is the normal range for pulmonary capillary wedge pressure?

Accepted Answer

Pulmonary capillary wedge pressure (PCWP) measures the pressure in the left atrium and left ventricle, and is used to assess left-sided heart function. Normal PCWP typically ranges from 5 to 10 mm Hg. Higher values indicate an increased workload on the heart and potential heart failure.

Question 12

Which of the following should be considered first if medical and mechanical problems have been excluded and the patient continues to fight the ventilator or exhibit high levels of agitation or distress?

Accepted Answer

If medical and mechanical problems have been excluded and the patient continues to fight the ventilator or exhibit high levels of agitation or distress, sedation should be considered.

Question 13

Which of the following are global monitoring indexes?
1) APACHE
2) APS
3) TISS
4) ATS

Accepted Answer

APACHE (Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation), APS (Acute Physiology Score), and TISS (Therapeutic Intervention Scoring System) are all global monitoring indexes used in healthcare, particularly in intensive care units, to assess the severity of disease and the level of care required for patients. ATS (American Thoracic Society) is not a global monitoring index; it is a professional organization focused on pulmonary, critical care, and sleep medicine.

Question 14

Elevation of which of the following substances is consistent with hepatic inflammation?

Accepted Answer

Elevated levels of aspartate aminotransferase and alanine aminotransferase suggest hepatic inflammation.

Question 15

Which of the following are associated with an increase in central venous pressure?
1) Right heart failure
2) Pulmonary valvular stenosis
3) Pulmonary embolism
4) Dehydration

Accepted Answer

Central venous pressure (CVP) reflects the amount of blood returning to the heart and the ability of the heart to pump the blood into the arterial system. An increase in CVP can be caused by conditions that either increase the volume of blood returning to the heart or obstruct the heart's ability to pump blood. Right heart failure (1) leads to a backup of blood in the venous system, increasing CVP. Pulmonary valvular stenosis (2) can cause an obstruction to the outflow of the right ventricle, leading to increased pressure upstream, which includes the venous system. Pulmonary embolism (3) can obstruct the pulmonary arteries, increasing the resistance against which the right ventricle has to pump, thereby increasing CVP. Dehydration (4), however, would typically lead to a decrease in CVP due to reduced blood volume.

Question 16

Which of the following are common purposes of using ventilator graphics? 1) To detect auto-PEEP 2) To assess effects of bronchodilators 3) To determine patient ventilator synchrony 4) To determine best FiO₂

Accepted Answer

Ventilator graphics are used for multiple purposes including detecting auto-PEEP (positive end-expiratory pressure), assessing the effects of bronchodilators on airway resistance and lung compliance, and determining patient-ventilator synchrony. These graphics help clinicians optimize mechanical ventilation settings and interventions for patients.

Question 17

Which of the following are primary reasons to measure intracranial pressure (ICP)?
1) To monitor patients at risk of life-threatening intracranial hypertension
2) To monitor for evidence of infection
3) To assess the effects of therapy aimed at reducing ICP
4) To maintain the mean ICP greater than 20 mm Hg

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which of the following are primary reasons...

Question 18

Which of the following bedside assessment of respiratory muscle strength is commonly used on ventilated patients?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which of the following bedside assessment of...

Question 19

Which of the following are included in the Berlin definition of moderate ARDS? 1) Bilateral infiltrates on chest radiograph 2) Absence of left ventricular failure 3) PaO₂/FiO₂ 100 - 200 mm Hg 4) Oxygenation index (OI) less than 10

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which of the following are included in...

Question 20

Which of the following factors affect cardiac performance?
1) Preload
2) Afterload
3) Contractility
4) Cardiac output

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which of the following factors affect cardiac...

Quiz 51: Monitoring the Patient in the Intensive Care Unit